Mechanical Engineering

This work is carried out to provide a corrective analysis of a typical water pipeline network with varied flow rates/discharges in order to obtain adequate pressure that must be maintained to cause a pipeline grid balance in a distribution network of a closed conduit. The network was taken to be analogous to a direct-electrical circuit analogy of current flow, which provides a simplified approach to complex distribution network problems. The fluid in the conduit is in a steady-state, hence the work adopts the application of steady-state energy equations of Darcy Weisbach, Hardy Cross and Hazen Williams in the analysis of head losses associated with flow through pipeline of varying sizes, bends, fittings, and surface roughness.

The main objective of the present work is to conduct the computational study of steady flow through the air intake system of a multicylinder SI engine. The CAD geometry of the air intake system of the multi cylinder in line engine was created. Two modification on the induction side one with circular cross section (Path A) and another with rectangular cross section (Path B) were carried out. All the three models are simulated using ANSYS FLUENT, CFD code for the computational study, steady state flow conduction was assumed and the analysis is carried out assuming the intake air flows steady into the system at mean piston speed of the engine. Flow field is predicted by solving the Navier strokes equation and the turbulence is modelled using k-? RNG model. Good agreement is observed from predicted result.

This research work deals with analysis of simply supported rectangular plate under two different types of loading viz. centrally applied point load and uniformly distributed load (UDL). Four different sizes of plates were considered depending on the shape of material that allowed in the experiments. These plates were assumed to be constructed by isotropic material and subjected to point loading & UDL. The plates were supported under standard simply supported conditions at the two ends (left & right end views from the operator) so that the moment singularity is assumed at the tip of internal line support. Plate deflections were measured for all the plates under different loading conditions. These values were then validated using the ANSYS software. The results then compared and error was found out. The physical quantities of the plates and the extent of contact related to the level of loading in the case of free contact are provided in the present work.

Over the years, all parts of a commercial refrigerator, such as the compressor, heat exchangers, refrigerant, and packaging, have been improved considerably due to the extensive research and development efforts carried out by academia and industry. However, the achieved and anticipated improvement in conventional refrigeration technology are incremental since this technology is already nearing its fundamentals limit of energy efficiency is described is ‘magnetic refrigeration’ which is an evolving cooling technology. The word ‘green’ designates more than a colour. It is a way of life, one that is becoming more and more common throughout the world. An interesting topic on ‘sustainable technologies for a greener world’ details about what each technology is and how it achieves green goals. Recently, conventional chillers using absorption technology consume energy for hot water generator but absorption chillers carry no energy saving. With the aim of providing a single point solution for this dual purpose application, a product is launched but can provide simultaneous chilling and heating using its vapour absorption technology with 40% saving in heating energy. Using energy efficiency and managing customer energy use has become an integral and valuable exercise. The reason for this is green technology helps to sustain life on earth. This not only applies to humans but to plants, animals and the rest of the ecosystem. Energy prices and consumption will always be on an upward trajectory. In fact, energy costs have steadily risen over last decade and are expected to carry on doing so as consumption grows. This article discusses the potential for such integrated systems in the stationary and portable power market in response to the critical need for a cleaner energy technology for communities. Throughout the theme several issues relating to renewable energies, environment and sustainable development are examined from both current and future perspectives.

SOLECKSHAW, a motor assisted pedal driven three wheeled vehicle, was developed by CSIR-CMERI in 2008-09, under the recent CSIR vision, CSIR-800, aimed at empowering 800 million Indians, who belong to the underprivileged class of society in our country, by way of S&T intervention. Rear wheels of SOLECKSHAW are driven by manual power and front wheel is driven by brushless DC (BLDC) electric hub motor, leading to driving comfort of the driver. Once the product was developed and on road trial was successful, the technology was transferred to a few Indian Industries. It is found that the users of SOLECKSHAW are financially handicapped and not exposed to modern science and technology, which is a major hindrance in deploying this technology. Thus this market seeding project was taken up to make these users (rickshaw pullers) empowered through extra effort and financial facilitation. The main objective of this project was deployment of SOLECKSHAW technology on a large scale in a faster mode, to ensure its acceptability in the society. Based on the user’s feedback and ready availability of interested “Operator” in the form of either NGO or a start-up tourism company, Soleckshaws have been successfully implemented on road in different cities of the country.

Science and technology have made amazing developments in the design of electronics and machinery using standard materials, which do not have particularly special properties (i.e. steel, aluminum, gold). One can imagine the range of possibilities, which exist for special materials that have properties, which scientists can manipulate according to the need. Some such materials have the ability to change shape or size simply by adding a little bit of heat, or to change from a liquid to a solid almost instantly when near a magnet; these materials are called smart materials. Varieties of smart materials already exist, and are being researched extensively. These include piezoelectric materials, magneto-rheostatic materials, electro-rheostatic materials, and shape memory alloys. Some everyday items are already incorporating smart materials (coffeepots, cars, the International Space Station, eyeglasses) and the number of applications for them is growing steadily. Each individual type of smart material has a different property which can be significantly altered, such as viscosity, volume, and conductivity. The property that can be altered influences what types of applications the smart material can be used. This paper deals with the recent development of smart materials particularly piezoelectric materials and its usage for the micro machines.

This paper reports the effects of sintering schedule to the mechanical properties and microstructure of warm formed powder compacts. Iron powder ASC 100.29 was used as main powder constituent whereas zinc stearate was used as lubricant. The premixed powder mass was compacted at 180ºC by applying 130 kN axial loading and sintered in an inert gas fired sintering furnace at different sintering schedule. The sintered samples were characterized to evaluate their mechanical properties and microstructures. The effect of sintering schedule was studied in terms of mechanical properties, focusing in particular on the relative density, flexural strength and hardness. The microstructure analysis was performed to determine the pore shape, size and distribution. The results revealed that the mechanical properties and microstructures of sintered products were affected by the sintering temperature, holding time as well as the heating/cooling rate.

A CFD analysis was done to numerically study the heat transfer characteristics of an oil cooler under laminar flow conditions with varying Reynolds number from 250 to 2400 with ISOVG46 Turbinol on tube side and water on shell side for different flow rates. Simulated results of Nusselt number and friction factor are in good agreement with the available experimental results and with the Sieder and Tate equation for plain tube. Results show that the strip inserts led to a higher heat transfer rates over the plain tube with increase in Nusselt number, friction factor and over all enhancement ratios.

Pressure relief valves uncertainty and parameter variations are of major significance in the hydraulic system operations. The use of one such valve, a compound pressure relief valve is the subject of this paper. From the deduced differential equations, MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation model developed. The pressure response of a valve with damping spool pilot poppet has been investigated and compared with the experimental results. Also simulated the effects of some critical parameters on the valve dynamic performance.

The need for flexible processes is increasing day by day. It permits rapid low cost switching from one product line to another. This is possible with flexible workers whose multiple skills would develop the ability to switch easily from one kind of task to another. As main resources, flexible processes and flexible workers would create flexible plants which can adapt to changes in real time increase in production using movable equipment, knockdown walls and easily accessible and re-routable utilities. In this paper a real time simulation is done to find out the optimum values of production and operation variables.

Failures of equipments and process costs money. The reasons for failure could be either a bad design, improper working conditions, failure of system components as they approaches the wear out stage or a combination of these factors. There is no way of completely eliminating failures. However, a better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of equipment failure can allow failure control measures to be developed and implemented. Unreliability is the costly part of the economic equation and adopting measures to improve reliability and availability of the system will ultimately result in economic gain. The present work attempts to provide an estimate of the net effect of modification that is required for a system by using the control chart procedure. The method involves plotting control charts for each of the components using the time to fail. The central line of the control chart corresponds to the Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) and the control limits are placed at a distance of from the mean line and is based on t- distribution. The components that require an improvement with regard to failure rate is identified by analysing the control charts. The desired change in the component availabilities as well as the system availability can be obtained and an estimate of the net effect of modification is also arrived. The model can provide a measure of the performance of the components as well as that of the system. The quantification of the improvements required, if any, can be obtained using the model. A 11 step algorithm is also developed based on the model. It is hoped that the developed model and algorithm will prove to be a powerful tool in process reliability analysis.

Service sectors such as banking, healthcare, hospitals, retail etc in India are facing an immense pressure from customers in providing the services at a faster rate with a greater quality. At present, service sectors are increasingly becoming a customer centric service provider. Integration of Lean and Six Sigma is a kind of quality and time enhancing strategy that can help service sectors to win the customer loyalty and growth. However, Lean Six Sigma itself is only not enough to meet the rapidly increasing competition, but also, the integration between Lean Six Sigma and the knowledge management is very important. The study examines the achievable benefits by the use of knowledge management and also gives the critical analysis of the impact of Lean Six Sigma in service sectors and the customer satisfaction by providing the products and services at the best quality within the least time (customer available time). The article provides “5 I” (5 I – Identify, Investigate, Improve, Implement and Impart) approach with Lean and Six Sigma combination and the tools and techniques to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the services and products that provide. In this article “5 I” approach explains the use of tools and methodology to be adopted to streamline the process and also to improve the quality in the output. The 5I approach with the tool box explained in the article interim will help in growth of service sectors in India in achieving effectiveness and efficiency. It also provides the customer satisfaction by providing the services faster, greater quality and lesser cost.

This paper is focused on selection of optimal parameters in drilling of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites (AMMC) using “Fuzzy Logic”. AMMC samples are prepared based on selected material parameters and drilling experiments are conducted on these samples as per Taguchi OA L27 which is designed based on material and drilling parameters. The experimental results: power consumption, temperature, surface roughness, and burr height are measured for each experimental run. These results are analyzed using Fuzzy Logic and optimal parameters combination is identified. The identified combination of influential factors is tested through confirmation experiment and is satisfactory.

The second order slip boundary condition influence on diffusion of chemically reactive species of non-Newtonian fluid over a vertical permeable linearly stretching or shrinking sheet with surface mass transfer is considered using a second order slip flow model. Casson fluid model is used to characterize the non-Newtonian fluid behavior. The first order chemical reaction is considered. Choosing appropriate similarity variables, the partial differential equations are transformed into a set of non-linear self-similar ordinary differential equations, which are then solved numerically using the function bvp4c from Matlab for different values of the governing parameters. The results clearly show that the second order slip flow model is necessary to predict the flow characteristics accurately. A comprehensive numerical computation is carried out for various values of the parameters that describe the flow characteristics.

In this paper, the entropy generation of a fully developed laminar flow in annularsector ducts with constant wall heat flux is investigated. Entropy generation is obtained for various aspect ratio (?), various sector angels (2?), various wall heat flux and various Reynolds number. It is found that with the increasing aspect ratio (?) and sector angels (2?) values, total entropy generation and pumping power at fixed Reynolds number increases and with increasing wall heat flux values, total entropy generation increases, however, pumping power decreases.

One of the most challenging problems encountered by a fluidized-bed designer is assessing how changes in bed geometry and operating conditions affect the gasifier performance while scaling up to demonstration / commercial size. Typically, commercial gasifier designs are based on operating experience from small pilot plants. A cold model of a gasifier represents an inexpensive and convenient platform for conducting detailed hydrodynamic studies that would otherwise be impossible in the hostile high pressure and temperature environment of fluidized bed gasifier. A perspex three dimensional semicircular cold model test rig of ID 940mm which is hydro dynamically scale down model of a demonstration plant of 168 TPD pressurized fluidized bed gasification (PFBG) plant is established and hydro dynamic parameters viz Froude no., bubble rise velocity, and bubble diameter are presented which are used for further scale up. Besides performance of the gasification process involves knowledge of dynamics of two phases viz. solid (coal) and gaseous for scale-up of the gasifier. The measurement of mean residence time (MRT) and degree of axial mixing of solid phase is required for evaluation of PFBG .The paper presents the residence time distribution (RTD) studies carried out in a pilot scale hot model of PFBG of 200 mm dia and verified in a hydro dynamically similar cold model .The coal particles labeled by radio tracer Lanthanum -140 was used to measure RTD by collimated scintillating detectors located at ash extraction points at the bottom and gas outlet at the top of the gasifier .The measured RTD data of coal / ash particles were treated and normalized for arriving at the mean residence time (MRT). The treated RTD data were simulated using gamma distribution model and found that model predicated MRTs of cold and hot model tests were in good agreement. The paper suggest the parameters which assist to minimize the bypassing of the coal particles in the gasifier thus improving the carbon conversion efficiency and hence enable scale-up of the PFBG.

The benefits of risk management in projects are huge. You can gain a lot of money if you deal with uncertain project events in a proactive manner. The result will be that you minimize the impact of project threats and seize the opportunities that occur. This allows you to deliver your project on time, on budget and with the quality results your project sponsor demands. Also your team members will be much happier if they do not enter a "firefighting" mode needed to repair the failures that could have been prevented. In this paper we identified six common risk factors that could impact a project. Some factors are obvious, but some are not and it is important to identify them all. You are encouraged to review them all when planning for project risks. Also In this paper we describe common schedule risk factors. We give you some tools to identify risk and lower its impact, thereby saving your projects from schedule slips.

The problem of robot selection plays an important key role concern to various fields of different applications since three decades. This problem has become more difficult in recent years due to increasing complexity of applications of the environment, features and specifications, and facilities offered by various manufactures. The primary objective of this paper is to select the suitable type of robot based on various factors such as type of application, payload, working environment, accuracy, lifespan, weight, purchasing cost etc. The selection procedure is developed for selection of particular type of robot based evaluating the various alternative selection factors using AHP technique and systems of equations of the matrices i.e. Eigen values and Eigen vectors. The ranking evolution will provide a good guidance for the robot selection to the end user. The concept of this work is an attempt has been made to create exhaustive database for identifying maximum possible number of attributes.

Acoustic waves have a massive potential in the realm of crack detection. Since cracks remain undetected for a long time, which may result in component damage, all sorts of methodologies which help in crack detection are considered to avoid deterioration and failure. Acoustic Emission (AE) is a critical indicator of crack initiation and propagation. Due to this, crack localization is done effectively using AE in different applications. The methodologies incorporating the acoustic waves' ability to detect and probe the crack existence is found to be practically viable and feasible. The paper makes an effort to analyze the different methodologies incorporating the AE towards the crack detection and propagation from all practical perspectives.

The purpose of this review paper is to discuss the lean implementation and its quantified benefits for the textile industry. Both current and future state maps of the organization’s shop floor scenarios are discussed using lean techniques in order to highlight improvement areas and to bridge the gap between the existing state and the future state of shop floor of the textile industry. After an exhaustive review it is being found that lean implementation has many benefits at organizational and operational level. It has been concluded that, still many of the Indian textile industry have not adopted lean and it may be beneficial for them.

Environmentally sustainable (green) supply chain management (GSCM) has emerged as an important organizational philosophy to achieve corporate profit and market share objectives by reducing environmental risks and impacts while improving ecological efficiency of these organizations and their partners companies. The number of organizations contemplating the integration of environmental practices into their strategic plans and daily operations is continuously increasing day to day. Numerous initiatives have provided incentives for organizations to become more environmentally benign. Organizations view many of these environmental programs, which may include technological and organizational development projects, as possible alternatives for gaining or maintaining a competitive advantage. One environmental program area that continues to gain in importance is one that focuses on the external relationships among organizations. Environmentally conscious business practices have been receiving increasing importance from both researchers and practitioner’s point of view. Interdisciplinary research has integrated the efforts of management, engineering, physical and social sciences to investigate the issues relevant to this GSCM. Similarly, multifunctional groups within organizations and external stakeholders have a role in decisions related to organizations and the natural environment. Green supply chain decisions are one of the latest issues facing organizations with strong internal and external linkages.

The originality of a design is directly proportional to the time taken to make it, but from the financial perspective this can cost the organisation a fortune, owing to the competition that it has to face in the live market. It is for this reason that many organisations tend to look for designs that are already available to be used as a reference so that they can build their design on those lines. What matters is the originality of the reverse-engineered design. It is indeed a challenge that shall be attempted to be presented through this paper. The paper shall introduce certain basic concepts like reverse engineering, originality of designs, customer specific mindset and shall thereafter elaborate certain factors that greatly affect reverse engineering, which include technical, commercial and practical aspects. The output of reverse engineering thus done maintaining originality shall be understood from the viewpoints of technical feasibility, commercial viability and manufacturability from the practical perspective. This paper shall stress upon the challenges that a designer needs to face while carrying out reverse engineering and the balance that needs to be maintained between cost, originality and optimum parameters. In addition to these topics, this paper shall also try to present certain risk and opportunity analyses so that a complete picture of the concept can be drawn. The paper shall conclude with the summary of challenges and the means to mitigate the same so as to ensure that a reverse-engineered product does not happen to be a replica of another design but becomes an optimised design by itself.

Wave propagation method (WPM) is utilized, for the first time, to study the resonance response of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The damping coefficient with in the interaction of tip-sample, which is assumed as a linear visco-elastic force, is considered in this paper as it has been neglected in the WPM studies of beam in previous investigations. Experiment and analytical results are provided in order to show the reliability and correctness of WPM method. The results are in good agreements with the experiments and show that the WPM is more accrue than analytical method.

Piezoelectric materials appealing for use in smart structures as sensors and actuators instantaneously transform mechanical energy to electrical energy and contrariwise. They remember configurations and guarantee them when subject to stimulus, have superb electromechanical coupling characteristics and outstanding frequency response .Innumerous utilization of smart structures technology to diverse physical systems have progressed to actively control shape, aeroelastic stability, noise, damping, vibration and stress distribution. In this article the research activities of piezoelectric materials for smart structures is grouped into characterization, formulation, analysis, applications & debonding in aid in future research activities in any of the grouped class.

Tremendous heat energy waste in steel plant through ladle, but nobody think over this issue. A Heat Energy Solidification process are simulated for a continuous casting machine and the constructive shape of the liquid pool is predicted considering at different conditions. Heat energy and Solidification model is described for the C.C. of Steel Slabs. The Model has been established on the basis of the technical conditions of the slab caster in the C.C.

Classical reliability based design procedures require tedious calculations and time consuming. The goal of reliability of mechanical component adequately performs its intended function when operating under specified environmental conditions. Mechanical component design by safety factors using nominal values without considering uncertainties may lead to designs that are unsafe, or too conservative and thus not efficient. Design of a hollow shaft is one of complex and time consuming design procedure. This paper presents development of mathematical models to predict the outer diameter of a typical hollow shaft. This paper presents unique method to investigate engineering problem, its analysis, mathematical modeling and optimization with the help of RSM-response surface methodology and design of experiments (DOE). Response surface methodology, which is a statistical approach of design of experiments, is being applied with combined probabilistic design to optimize the design responses in the case of simultaneous variations of its design parameters. The technique is proved to be efficient and general purpose modeling a variety of components.

For the appraisal of contamination of lake waters coliform count is generally used to review the infectivity echelon of potable water. The usual sources of coliform contamination at lake Sambhaji include discharges due to domestic wastes, laundry activities related to hospitals, natural surface runoff, rivulets, swimming activities, anthropogenic activities urban run-off, animal and human wastes. Lake water for the reason it had objectionable odour, was suspected for being contaminated. An attempt was made to comprehend the potable competence lake waters of lake Sambhaji, at Solapur district (MS), India, by specifying total coliforms counts employing the method of Multiple Tube Test with double strength MacConkey Broth Medium (Himedia M539S), the traditional method for presumptive isolation of coliform bacteria by MPN, incubating at 370C for 24 hours, in addition to other tests. Most Probable Number (MPN) of total coliforms was determined by referring to standard probability table for estimation of total coliforms for the determination of MPN. The investigation of the cultural response revealed 480 cfu/ml at site 2 and 220 cfu/ml at site 1, exceeding limits for recreational water. The highest fraction of indicator coliforms was detected in the water sample at site 2, of lake Sambhaji which has truly objectionable odour as compared to site 1 of lake Sambhaji. Taking into consideration the observations of high coliform count at lake Sambhaji results portray a tragic testimony of the deterioration of the ecological health of the lake and advocates dismissal of the consideration of water for being thought for its potable potential, portraying human malady if exposed to such unsanitary lake. The results encompass imperative repercussion directing prioritization to design restoration strategies.

Surface finish is very important criteria in Industry for quality of the product. For obtaining the desired surface finish, process parameters of machining process turning, have to be optimized. Up to now industries are dependent on Handbook data, for determining the parameters, but using Taguchi method & Response surface method, optimized data can be obtained by preparing the model, and validation of that model is done by the experiments. In the present paper, review of such effort is taken into account. This is a short review of researchers work for optimizing the process parameters using speed, feed, depth of cut, nose radius, various coating on tool, and tool geometry as input parameters and output parameter as surface roughness, tool wear, Material removal rate etc.

In the present day scenario rapid product development (RPD) becomes essential for product manufacturers for their survival. However, success of RPD depends on advancement and effective utilization of many more available technologies. Now with the availability of Computer Aided Design (CAD) / Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) for RPD making the demands of the present day industry are taken care. The product development by CAD/CAM reduces the considerable time of equipment and is made with higher accuracy and repeat-ability resulting in faster development of products and less rejection in the long run this approach to product developing results in cost effectiveness. This paper reviews the technological advancements in CAD/CAM Systems. This paper also depicts the lead-time reduction in product development through modeling with CAD/CAM and application of reverse engineering, Rapid prototyping and CNC approach to RPD.

An analytical study is performed to study the effects of thermal radiation and chemical reaction on unsteady free convection and mass transfer of a viscous incompressible fluid past an accelerated infinite isothermal vertical plate in the presence of magnetic field. The fluid considered here is a gray, absorbing/ emitting radiation but a non-scattering medium. It is assumed that the effect of viscous dissipation is negligible in the energy equation and there is a first order chemical reaction between the diffusing species and the fluid. The dimensionless governing coupled linear partial differential equations are solved using the Laplace transform technique. The influence of the various parameters, entering into the problem, on the velocity field and temperature field is extensively discussed with the help of graphs.

In this paper the numerical study of unsteady flow of a viscous incompressible fluid past an exponentially accelerated infinite vertical plate with radiation, viscous dissipation, chemical reaction and variable heat and mass diffusion have been analyzed in the porous medium. To obtain the non-similar momentum, energy, and concentration equations usual non-dimensional variables have been used. The dimensionless governing equations are solved numerically by explicit finite difference method. Here velocity, temperature and concentration fields are described graphically for the different physical parameters. Skin friction and Nusselt number profiles have been also described graphically here.

Quality refers to an equilibrium level of functionality possessed by a product or service based on the producers capability and customers need. The aim of any manufacturing concern is to increase the production and to bring down the production cost without compromising on quality. This can be achieved through the implementation of innovative managerial techniques. Theory of constraints is an innovative tool for quality and productivity improvement. A significant challenge in implementing the theory of constraints in robotic operation is the complex and re-entrant nature of the manufacturing process. This paper deals with the problem of improving quality in robotic work cells that repetitively handle several products of similar characteristics. The theory of constraint is proposed to increase the quality and throughput rate of a robotic work cell by identifying its bottlenecks

This project provides information about energy system by the use of bio gas... Biogas contains primarily CH4 with the balance being mostly CO2 and a small amount of trace components. Now a day’s alternate fuel appears during possessions, by better understanding its components, biogas can be processed and utilized in a more efficient, cost-effective way because of reducing fuel cost, demand of fuel, and emission influence in global warming. The most important of this work is, to produce bio gas from organic waste and reduce the usage of petrol fuel. The increase in population leads to depletion of diesel fuel. Another reason is instead of disposing the organic waste in landfill, this can be converted into a useful product (bio-gas). The bio gas can be stored in a cylinder and be placed in a luggage side box of a vehicle. A regulator is fixed on the top of the cylinder. A hose tube from a vacuum kit which is placed beneath the seat is fixed to the cylinder, so that the gas can be passed to the carburetor. The needle of the carburetor is taken out and the gas would pass on the engine directly. The air filter is partially closed in the vehicle. On kicking the bio gas from the cylinder easily pass on from vacuum gas kit to engine. A spark plug which is above the engine is used to burn the biogas. In this manner, bio gas can be used run the vehicle. The pickup and efficiency is more comparing the existing system of the vehicle has not been reduced by using bio gas. A two Stroke Petrol engine is used for this project, 2 Kg Cylinder is used. It gives 110 kilo meter for one liter of bio gas. So that it can be used in the presented vehicle without any modification. So, the compression ratio of the engine is also high 15:1 Due to high compression ratio power developed by the engine is also high. By less consumption of the fuel, the power produced is more. Petrol produces more toxic gases like HC, CO etc...But we find that methane is less toxic, and emission is very less eco-friendly compare to petrol. It makes “GREEN EVOLUTION”.

Cavitating flows are highly complicated because it is a rapid phase change phenomenon, which often occurs in the high-speed or rotating fluid machineries. It is well known that the cavitating flows rise up the vibration, the noise and the erosion. Therefore, the research on the cavitating flows is of great interest. Numerical method is highly important approach for studying the cavitating flow. The propeller is the predominant propulsion device used in ships. The performance of propeller is conventionally represented in terms of non-dimensional coefficients, i.e., thrust coefficient (KT), torque coefficient (KQ) and efficiency and their variation with advance coefficients (J). It is difficult to determine the characteristics of a full-size propeller in open water by varying the speed of the advance and the revolution rate over a range and measuring the thrust and torque of the propeller. Therefore, recourse is made to experiments with models of the propeller and the ship in which the thrust and torque of the model propeller can be conveniently measured over a range of speed of advance and revolution rate. Experiments are very expensive and time consuming, so the present paper deals with a complete computational solution for the flow using STAR-CCM+ software. When the operating pressure was lowered below the vapor pressure of surrounding liquid it simulates cavitating condition. In the present work, STAR-CCM+ software is also used to solve advanced phenomena like cavitation of propeller. The simulation results of cavitation and open water characteristics of propeller are compared with experimental predictions, as obtained from literature [1].

Poka yoke is a very powerful set of technique that either keeps defects from occurring or indicating immediately when a defect occurs. It relies on creativity and common sense to create low cost, effective inspection devices. Like many quality tools, mistake-proofing is not a solution for every kind of defect or quality problem. The poka yoke aims to reduce the rejection, increase the production and avoid fatigue of worker. The beauty of this lies in that anyone, from manager to line supervisor to line employee can bring this concept into service. These devices are used either to prevent the special causes that result in defects, or to inexpensively inspect each item that is produced to determine whether it is acceptable or defective. The paper contains poka yoke fundamentals to improve the production of lever cam follower and to achieve the target of zero defects over the whole process machining.

In an ever increasingly competitive environment, product design forms the foundation for enduring sales responsiveness and enhanced customer satisfaction. Superior product performance, quality and reduced cost of ownership are the results of effective, efficient engineering and design. The impact of product design on total cost of ownership and the profitability of a manufacturing company are significant. This paper addresses design for total cost of ownership approach for allocation of redundancy that can minimize the total cost of the product during the product life time. A genetic algorithm based heuristic is developed to provide an optimal or a near optimal solution. This DTCO approach permits engineers to study product designs with respect to cost, reliability and performance during the conceptual design phase and enables the integrated method to identify design changes that improve performance and reduce total cost of ownership.

One of the most sensitive features of the sheet metal forming is the elastic recovery during unloading called springback. Sheet metals are prone to some amount of springback depending on elastic deformation. Obtaining the desired size and design of die depends on the knowledge of the amount of this springback. So the accurate prediction of the springback is very important. The springback is affected by the factors such as sheet thickness, material properties, tooling geometry etc. In this paper the effect of various parameters such as sheet thickness, ratio of die radius to sheet thickness, strength coefficients on springback are studied. Also a Neural Network prediction model is prepared and the results of FEA and NN model are compared for springback.

Tunnels represent a key part of the world transportation system playing a fundamental role both in people and freight transportation, especially in developed countries. Around the world, most major cities and metropolitan areas have metro systems accounting for hundreds of kilometers of underground tunnels and network systems. This study presents the pressure losses in ventilation systems of a long circular tunnel using for a metro purpose length of 700m, and diameter 6.6m, K.M.R.C., Kolkata has been vividly studied and presented in this dissertation. The tunnel which is being driven in the soft soil by using a tunnel boring machine has already developed up to a length of 700m and till the excavation is going on to continue. Auxiliary ventilation is adopted to ventilate the tunnel with the help of an axial-flow fan connected to a duct of approximately 680m in length. The various ventilation related parameters, viz. air quantity, pressure and temperature of the air in various locations inside the tunnel have been studied. In addition, we emphasize the pressure losses in tunnels in various locations i.e., to consider as bend taking place has been calculated. In the Kolkata metro, there is an earth pressure balance TBM is used. EPB excavation provides continuous support to the tunnel face by balancing the earth pressure against the forward pressure of the machine, and the advancement rate is 15 meters every day. In addition, the pressure losses in various tunnel configurations have been computed from the empirical relations as well as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The aim of this project work is to correlate the values of pressure losses of analytical results and the computational simulation results with the help of using CFD software and conclude the difference of graph plotted to assess the adequacy of the tunnel and suggest a few measures to improve the ventilation inside the tunnel for building a cordial environment and enhancing the tunneling operation. This study suggests that pressure losses in field study and CFD simulation are approximately the same.

The objective of this paper is to predict the failure load of the composite laminates during tensile loading using an online Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring and Artificial Neural Network. Bidirectional glass/epoxy laminates were subjected to tensile loading. The laminates were made for 12 layers of bi-directional glass mat in an epoxy matrix. The AE data recorded during the tensile testing was used to predict the failure load. The parameters such as amplitude, count, duration, energy, peak to count and rise-time were used for the analysis. Feed forward back propagation neural network model was generated from acoustic emission cumulative counts data taken during loading of bi-directional glass/epoxy tensile specimens. Cumulative counts recorded up to 50% and 75% of the failure load were used as the input data for simulation. The results show that the developed non-destructive method is capable of predicting the failure of composites subjected to tensile loading with an error of 3.5% and 7.6% for cumulative counts of 50% and 75% of loads respectively.

The main objective of this paper is to find the optimum machining parameter for higher Material Removal Rate (MRR) in micro EDM on 316L stainless steel. The most important parameters like machining voltage, capacitance and sparkgap are considered in this experimentation. The experiments were conducted based on the full factorial design methodology. Multiple regression and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques were applied to predict the MRR. The predicted results are quite closer with the experimental results. S/N ratio was calculated to find the optimum values. ANOVA is carried out and the influence of machining parameters was found. The results show that the voltage is highly significant and the capacitance is the next significant than sparkgap on MRR.

This work has been done in two phases. In the first phase, the controllable parameters (cutting speeds, feed rates, type of drill tool, cutting fluids) which influence the responses (torque, cutting force, surface roughness, material removal rate, power) in drilling of En8 steel are identified and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model has been developed to predict the responses. The developed ANN model has been trained and tested with experimental data of drilling process which is conducted under Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) condition. ANN tested results are closely matched with experimental results. In the second phase, the ANN predicted results are analyzed by performing Taguchi’s S/N ratio analysis and optimum combinations of input parameters are determined. Further, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) is employed to find the contribution of input parameters on output parameters. This work is useful in predicting the multi responses while cutting different materials in different processes.

The use of tractors for agricultural works showed an important role to mechanized agricultural sector. A repairable mechanical system (as agricultural tractor) is subject to deterioration or repeated failure. In this study, the regression model was used to predict the failure rate of MF399 tractor. The machine failure pattern was carefully studied and key factors affecting the failure rate were identified in five regions of Khouzestan province. Results showed that different annual use hours (AUH) and maintenance policies affected failure rate. According to the data, the MF399 tractors included in 300-1000 AUH were commonly in a randomized breakdown period during their useful life but these tractors tend to enter the wear out period in the 1200-2000 AUH.

According to Betz, the maximum conversion efficiency of a wind turbine is 59.3%. But, the wind turbine works at efficiency of 25% to 35%. Hence, there is an opportunity to improve the efficiency of wind turbine. If, the efficiency of wind turbine is increased by at least 1%, it could turn into giant profits. Multiple nozzle system, therefore, if it is used, it increases the velocity of air, huge. The effect of multiple nozzle system is studied in the present article. The theoretical power coefficient and actual power coefficients of wind turbine are determined as part of the study. Few experiments were taken up earlier to increase wind speed using single nozzle system. But, multiple nozzle system is first ever, used in the history. The effect of conversion of heat energy into kinetic energy using multiple nozzle system is presented in this article. The design of multiple nozzle system obtained patents in India.

Post weld heat treatment and subsequent aging (PWHTA) effect on dissimilar friction stir welding (DFSW) (AA2024-T6 to AA6351-T6) were investigated in the present study. The micro structural measurement techniques (Optical, SEM- EDS) have been employed to understand the precipitate distribution and the elements distribution in the Stirred zone (SZ). PWHTA on dissimilar FSWs shows better mechanical properties and pitting corrosion than as welded specimens. A post weld solution treatment at 5200 C for 1 hr and subsequent ageing at 1800 C for 12 hrs and 8 hrs aging time resulted in better mechanical and corrosion properties respectively than other conditions.

The growing concern due to environmental pollution caused by the conventional fossil fuels and the realization that they are non-renewable have led to search for more environment friendly and renewable fuels. Among various options investigated for diesel fuel, biodiesel obtained from vegetable oils has been recognized world over as one of the strong contenders for reductions in exhaust emissions. In this present experimental work is carried out the performance and emission characteristics of diesel and biodiesel (Mahua) is analyzed. The results of depicts B20 Mahua blend of biodiesel is having the better characteristics in terms of performance and emission.

The present paper describes research undertaken to evaluate the appropriateness of strategic performance measurement (PM) system and processes for small- and medium-sized Indian enterprises (SMEs). An evaluation is undertaken of three case studies to facilitate a performance model for the strategic improvement. This evaluation resulted in the identification of a process, based on its congruency to the theoretical model adopted. Data collected from SMEs is analyzed. The paper concludes with a number of recommendations to facilitate the application of model for SMEs.

Air conditioning system is highly required device for getting comfort to human being also in industry application. But this device is hungry of lager amount of electricity. The ever increasing energy requirement puts a great burden on the further economical development as India is poor in energy resources. How to reduce the energy consumption by using new energy saving technologies and equipment is an important task now days. A study was carried out to investigate the effect of Earth Heat Exchanger ( Heat Pipe) , Peltier Module with and without combination with vapour compression air conditioning system with return air. The results show that the coefficient of performance of the system can be improved and the energy required by the compressor can be reduced when Peltier Module and Earth Heat Exchanger is used before cooling coil and provide supplementary cooling air to evaporator coil. On the basis of this study, it is recommended that HVAC systems should be installed with Earth (heat pipe) heat exchangers and peltier module for dehumidification enhancement.

This present paper analyses the present status of edible oil manufacturing in the country. After basic study and OEE calculation, maintenance improvement program is implemented and gaps are identified. Mainly the degumming section are focused as it is one of the important section are identified. The main purpose of this present paper is to provide an overview of the typical processes and interrelations associated with a total integrated process and maintenance activities. OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) are calculated regularly which will prove to be beneficial to those new in the industry. It must be stressed that this present research work attempts to touch in a limited number area of production equipments or departments. Continuous measurement of OEE has proven remarkable improvement.

This study evaluated the performance the of Afam IV and V gas turbine power plant over a period of nine years in order to ascertain its suitability as option for power generation in the region. The study reveals that only 12.01% of the installed capacity was available throughout the period of study. The percentage shortfall of energy generated ranged from 70.69% - 98.49% against an international best practice of 5% - 10%. The load factor of the plant was at an average of 41% against an acceptable value of 80%. The plant use factor is 23.5%. The capacity factor ranged from 1.5% to 29.3% against an international best practice of 50% to 80%, while the utilization factor is 29.3%. During the period under review, the plant was expected to generate 57237.84GWh of Energy, it generated 6873.6GWh amounting to a generation loss of 87.99%.This analysis revealed that the running of the gas turbine as an option for power generation in the region is not reliable.

The utilization of wind energy for power generation is becoming increasingly attractive and gaining a great share in the world power market. Wind is one of fastest growing energy source and is considered as an important alternative to conventional power generation. The energy production from a wind energy system depends on many factors namely characteristics of the wind profile, and most importantly, the operational parameters of the wind turbine generator itself. The suitability of a wind turbine to a site involves designing of wind turbine’s operational parameters exactly according to the wind characteristics of the site. The present work is the analysis of energy generation of a 800kW wind project at Belagavi of the state of Karnataka, India. A mathematical model is developed to study the parameters that affect power generation. These include wind speed, air density, pressure, temperature, blade length, pitch angle etc. The study shows that the operational parameters have a direct effect on the power generation. This will lead the developers and researchers to focus on the highest priority parameters for manufacturing and optimizing the new generations of wind turbines. The method can be used in developing stage of wind energy system.