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Previous studies have shown that the physiochemical properties of urine could change after ingestion of medicinal plants, and may provide significant clinical and diagnostic information. This study examined the urinary profile of healthy subjects who consumed Cymbopogon citratus (C. citratus) infusion. Urine samples were obtained from 105 participants at days 0, 10 and 30 after treatment with infusions prepared from 2, 4 and 8g of C. citratus powder. Biochemical analyses of the urine to determine its chemical constituents were performed using standard procedures. Results obtained on days 10 and 30 were compared with baseline values. UV and UF increased in all groups. Urinary excretion of some electrolytes (Na⁺ and K⁺) and DA increased at day 10 only, whereas others (Ca²⁺ and Cl^-) increased at both days 10 and 30. USG and colour remained unchanged. Urinary creatinine levels significantly increased (p<0.05) in all groups, whereas urinary urea significantly (p<0.05) increased in all groups except the group treated with 8g for 30 days. Urine uric acid and pH decreased in all groups. Urinary protein, glucose, bilirubin and bicarbonate were undetected. Ingestion of C. citratus infusion is associated with some physiochemical changes in urinary composition and could provide significant clinical information on the systemic effects of the plant in humans.

Water quality parameters from three sampling stations in Ikpa River, Nigeria were investigated for a period of 12 calendar months from March 2009 to February 2010. ANOVA result showed that all the parameters were significantly different (P<0.05) except transparency and pH. Sampling station and month effect on the parameters showed significance by LSD means separation in all parameters (P<0.05) except air temperature, transparency and pH, thus, some were highly significant while others were significant. pH values in all the stations remained the same indicating uniformity from the upstream to downstream. PC 1 and 2 axes in the combined stations indicated clusters of PO4-P, NO3-N and SO42- which showed that they have high positive correlations with each other, thus, there is inferred eutrophication and subsequent pollution. AT and WT showed high positive correlation in clustering together in all the stations indicated the effect of climate change which is a global environmental menace due to the increased of the earth’s surface. High positive correlation of FCO2 and BOD indicated low dissolved oxygen which endangers the lives of aquatic fauna. The clustering of TDS and transparency together was an indication of high ionic constituents of the water, thus, inferring nitrification. CCA showed effect of environmental factors on phytoplankton species and the main source of pollution to be from organic materials. Seasonal variability showed higher factor loadings during the dry season than during the wet season (P<0.05). Temporal variableness had highest factor loadings occurring in February (P<0.05). The total number of families, genera and species of phytoplankton sampled were 7, 67 and 106 respectively.

Two thousand three hundred and seven fish specimens sampled from Nwaniba (Ikpa River) for 12 calendar months (March 2009 – February 2010) comprised 11 orders, 34 families, 59 genera and 136 species. There was temporal and seasonal significant differences (P<0.05) between number and species of fish caught. The mean annual Index of Preponderance (IP %) values ranged from 0.01 in Brienomyrus brachyistus and Periophthalmus barbarus to 4.24% in Oreochromis niloticus. Mean monthly occurrence shows highest in August (536; 23.23%) and lowest in June (47; 2.03%). The contributions of the fish orders in theirdescending order of abundance are as follow: Siluriformes (1072; 46.47%), Ophiocephaliformes (626; 27.13%), Characiformes (264; 11.44%), Mormyriformes (159; 6.89%), Clupeiformes (87; 3.77%), Cypriniformes (40; 1.73%), Gonorhynchiformes (33; 1.43%), Osteoglossiformes (13; 0.56%), Elopiformes (9; 0.39%), Pleuronectiformes (3; 0.13%) and Perciformes (1; 0.04%). The most abundant family and species in terms of number are Schilbeidae (646; 28.00%) and Parailia pellucida (577; 25.01%) while the least are Scaenidae, Soleidae and Sphyraenidae (1; 0.04%). The most abundant family in terms of species is Mormyridae (17) and the least are 9 families with only species. Relative abundance is higher during the wet season (105 species; 77.77%) than dry season (93 species; 68.88%). The largest fish size in terms of length is recorded in Chrysichthys aluuensis (45.60cmTLmax; 18.40±9.0cm) while the smallest individual is Parailia pellucida (1.10cmTLmin; 7.50±1.20cm). The overall weightiest fish is also Mugil cephalus with a total weight of 662.80gWTmax; 54.42±16.75 while the lightest individuals are Parailia pellucida and Eutropius buffei (1.00gTWmin). Previous results differ from these; which may be occasioned by the human anthropogenic perturbations which are on-going in the river system, thus leading to environmental degradation. Hence, recommendations are proffered.

In this paper, we employ Multiple Linear Regression Model to fit a model of Gross Domestic Product Per Capita of Nigeria using some World Development Indicators (WDI) as explanatory variables. Data were collected from 1981 to 2013. The five WDI are OER-Official Exchange Rate (LCU Per US$, Period Average), BM-Broad Money (% of GDP), INF-Inflation, GDP deflator (Annual %), TNR-Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP) and FDI-Foreign Direct Investment, Net Inflows (% of GDP).At the end of the analysis it was discovered that the OER and BM are statically significant while INF, TNR and FDI are not statistically significant. The average estimated GDP per capita of Nigeria when the effect of OER, BM, INF, TNR and FDI are zero is $-360.81. Also, 1 unit increase in OER-Official Exchange Rate (LCU Per US$, Period Average) will lead to a significant increase in GDP per capita by $4.42 (4.42USD); if BM-Broad Money (% of GDP) increases by 1% then GDP per capita will increase by $25.17; if INF-Inflation, GDP deflator (Annual %) increases by 1% then GDP per capita will decrease by $0.08; if TNR-Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP) increases by 1% then GDP per capita will decrease by $0.63 and if FDI-Foreign Direct Investment, Net Inflows (% of GDP) increases by 1% then GDP per capita will increase by $13.52. (Note: All the estimated parameters are significant at 5% without exception). 71.1% of the total variation in GDP per capita of Nigeria can be explained by the variations in OER-Official Exchange Rate (LCU Per US$, Period Average), BM-Broad Money (% of GDP), INF-Inflation, GDP deflator (Annual %), TNR-Total Natural Resources Rents (% of GDP) and FDI-Foreign Direct Investment, Net Inflows (% of GDP) while the remaining 28.9% could be explained by other variables other than the ones used in this model.

Synthetic dyes are essential raw materials in numerous industrial processes, which include textile, food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. However, they constitute environmental pollutants when discharged as wastewater effluents without adequate treatment. This work is focused on the treatment of a dye, Eosin Red, through the photocatalytic degradation process using anatase nano titanium dioxide. The light source for this experiment is an 8 W monochromatic UV bulb, which provides wavelength of sufficient energy to overcome the anatase titanium dioxide band energy of 3.2 eV. Dye concentration reduction was determined using a UV/Vis Spectrophotometer, with 519 nm as the wavelength of maximum absorbance of Eosin Red dye. The result obtained showed a significant degree of ER photodegration and highlighted the dependence of the photodegradation process on some influencing parameters like initial concentration of dye, catalytic loading, contact time, and pH. The kinetic study in this research indicates that the photodegradation of Eosin red dye strongly follows pseudo-first-order kinetics, as is evident in the R2 and k’ values of 0.998 and 0.0115 min-1 respectively of 10ppm Eosin red 

Copepods are the most abundant metazoans in marine ecosystems. They can be regarded as a keystone component of biogeochemical cycles and functioning of pelagic food webs. Their dynamic changes may affect the biomass of many fish stocks. Therefore, it’s critical to assess their distribution in this changing climate. The aim of this study was to assess the copepods distribution patterns in relation to environmental factors in the most productive upwelling ecosystem in the world: Canary Current Ecosystem (CCLME) between Cape Blanc (21°N) and Cape Bojador (26°N). Overall, we counted 19 mesozooplankton groups. Copepods constituted the highest fraction in all sampled layers during both investigated seasons (autumn and summer) since they represented at least 65% of the total mesozooplankton community. A cluster analysis allowed the definition of five main species assemblages during each season. The total copepods abundances projected on T/S, T/DO and T/chl-a diagrams showed no clear pattern in densities variation. However, when dominant species were individually projected on T/chl-a diagrams showed different distribution patterns according to their thermic and diet preferences. Multiple Analysis Factorial analysis performed between dominant species densities and major environmental factors revealed a clear positive correlation between most of species and chl-a concentration during both seasons; most of these species were phytophagous. Our finding shows that temperature and chl-a concentration seem to be the most important environmental factors and thus strongly influence the distribution of the copepod population in the CCLME. To further investigate the relationship between copepods and environmental factors we suggest adding upwelling index, which may be responsible for the major changes found in copepod distribution.

Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a rare and benign congenital malformation. It results when the left superior cardinal vein caudal to the innominate vein fails to regress. It is often asymptomatic and usually diagnosed incidentally while performing imaging. The notation of a dilated coronary sinus on echocardiography should raise the suspicion of PLSVC. We report a rare case of a 56 year-old lady in whom we discover this anomaly because of dyspnea.

Chronic prostatitis is a disease with an unknown etiology that affects a large number of men. The optimal management for category III chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is not codified. Standard treatment usually consists of prolonged courses of antibiotics, even though well-designed clinical trials have failed to demonstrate their efficacy.A review of the literature failed to identify any recognized and validated treatments for CP/CPPS. However, the current approach is multimodal including: antibiotics, alpha-blockers, phytotherapy, acupuncture, physiotherapy and minimally invasive surgery. These therapies can be successful for the majority of patients who present with this difficult condition.

Brown tumor also known as osteitis fibrosa cystica is a focal bony lesion due to bone remodeling from either primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. Torticollis is an unusual clinical presentation of the tumor. We report a 65-year-old female patient who had been on hemodialysis for chronic renal failure, admitted with severe cervical pain and torticollis due to a minor cervical trauma. The imaging revealed multiple bony lesions that turned out to be brown tumors.

Krukenberg tumors are defined as ovarian metastasis of digestive tract cancer. They represent only 1% to 2% of all malignant ovarian tumors [1]. Stomach is the most common primary site. We report an observation of Krukenberg tumor arising from a gastric cancer, discovered during the exploration of chronic abdominal pain in a 48-year- old women. The call signs were mainly digestive. Ultrasonography and pelvic MRI played a key diagnostic role. The aim of our article was to give an overview of the imaging features of typical Krukenberg tumor.

This study presents the impact of dust on the electrical performance parameters of CIGS PV modules installed in a Sahelian environment. The study concerns two PV (photovoltaic) modules of the same technologies (CIGS), of the same power, (90W) each, of the same electrical parameters and manufactured by the same company. These modules, respectively denoted M1 (SN-CIGS90) and M2 (SN-CIGS90) were tested under the initial conditions to ensure their correct operation and to determine the initial values of the electrical parameters before exposure. After that, the modules are exposed under actual CERER operating conditions for three months, in which the module M1 undergoes weekly cleaning and M2 is exposed without cleaning for three months. The comparison of the variation rates obtained on the experimental values of the two modules shows that, like other technologies, the deposition of dust constituting the environmental constraint that most influences the electrical parameters of a CIGS module. In fact, the M2, has respective variation rates of -38,581% for the maximum power (Pmax) and -37,430% for the short-circuit current (Isc), +1.520% for the open circuit voltage and (Vco) -3.309% for the form factor (FF), unlike the M1 module, which undergoes the following variations: -7.5% for the Pmax -3.163% for the Isc, + 1.467% for the Vco and-5,861% for the FF.

Spontaneous rupture of the tibialis anterior tendon is uncommon. This article presents a case report of an Atraumatic Tibialis Anterior Tendon. Rupture of the tibialis anterior tendon can be caused by open, closed, direct, or indirect trauma, or it can occur spontaneously. Closed rupture is uncommon. Review of the literature reveals few reported cases of spontaneous rupture. Keywords: Atraumatic.; Tibialis Anterior Tendon, treatment

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is the leading cause of death by poisoning in western countries. Certainly the neurological symptoms are the most common, yet the cardiovascular signs are considerable too and may be responsible of a significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore health professionals must be aware of its diagnosis, treatments and prognostic implications. We report here a case of a patient with a non ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome with positive troponin related to carbon monoxide poisoning.

Microscopic colitis, including lymphocytic colitis (CL) and collagenous colitis (CC), is a chronic inflammation of the colon accompanied by non-bloody aqueous diarrhea, while the colonic mucosa has a normal or almost normal macroscopic appearance. It is a benign affection that can evolve spontaneously towards remission or, more often, evolve with phases of respite and relapse. The physical examination is strictly normal and laboratory tests do not reveal any anomalies. The diagnosis will be confirmed by colonic biopsies staged per-colonoscopy. CL is characterized by an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes, while CC is characterized by a thickening of the subepithelial collagen band. In the light of data from the literature, we will study the epidemiological, clinical, endoscopic and histological characteristics of microscopic colitis through a series of 20 cases collected in the Medical Clinic B of IbnSina University Hospital in Rabat.

The dispersion of bioactive glass, (BG), sample was studied using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). An array of experimental techniques like adsorption, zeta potential and turbidity were used to achieve this goal. Turbidity was used as a parameter to reflect the degree of dispersion where a higher value of turbidity represents higher dispersion efficiency. Dispersion of the BG particles was largely affected by CTAB concentration and the solution pH. Dispersion of the BG particles was increased with increasing of CTAB concentration till the CMC of CTAB is reached. Beyond the CMC , the BG particles become hydrophilic causing a decrease in glass dispersion. On the other hand, dispersion of the BG particles was affected with the solution pH. It was increased with increasing pH till pH 9. At higher pH, dispersion was decreased where the formation of micelles is favored.

In this paper we will compute a new algorithm for new graph which its vertex is a graph.

A point determining graph is defined to be a graph in which distinct non adjacent points have distinct neighborhoods. If in addition any two distinct points have distinct closed neighborhoods, it is called point distinguishing graph. A graph G is said to be one point determining, if for any two distinct vertices v_1 and v_2 ?N(v?_1)and? N(v?_2) have at most one vertex in common. A graph G is said to be two point distinguishing if for any two distinct vertices v_1 and? v?_2, the closed neighborhood ? N[v?_1] and ? N[v?_2] , have at most two vertices in common. Here we focus on some properties of one point determining and two point distinguish- ing graphs.

A separation cordial labeling of graph is a bijection f from to such that each edge uv is assigned the label 1 if ) is an odd number and label 0 if is an even number. Then the number of edges labeled 0 and the number of edges labeled 1 differ by at most 1. A graph has a separation cordial labeling, then it is called separation cordial graph. Here, the bistar the splitting graphs of and , the shadow graph of and square graph of are discussed and found to be separation cordial.

This paper introduces a new type of labeling called separation cordial labeling. A separation cordial labeling of graph G is a bijection f from V to {1,2,… ,|V|} such that each edge uv is assigned the label 1 if f(u) + f(v) is an odd number and label 0 if f(u) + f(v) is an even number. Then the number of edges labeled 0 and the number of edges labeled 1 differ by at most 1. If a graph has a separation cordial labeling, then it is called separation cordial graph. Here, the class? Pl?_n ( n ? 5), ?Pl?_(m,n) (m,n ? 3) of planar graphs, full binary tree, the star graph? K?_(1,q), the complete bipartite graph K_(m ,n), path P_n, the cycle? C?_n, are discussed and found to be separation cordial. Also, found that complete graph K_n is not separation cordial for, n ? 4.

A tree T is called starlike [2], if it contains a vertex v for which deg (v) ? 3 and all other vertices of T have degree 1 or 2. If deg (v) = k, the starlike tree T is k – branched and T – v has k components, each of which are trees. In this paper, we characterize the 3 – branched starlike spanning trees of a given two dimensional mesh M(m, n) m, n ? 3 and then find its number with junction vertex [2] of degree 3.

Learner`s mistakes and feedbacks proceed an error are two remarkable parts of learning procedure. Teacher should manage the class and know how to promote learners. This article aims to discuss the issue of feedback by providing arguments that feedback is helpful and language learners do need it. 150 participants who were intermediate Iranian EFL learners participated in this study. There were two groups one experimental, and another one control one. Then researcher had 50 participants and two groups. 25 of the participants assigned for control group and 25 for experimental participants. The researcher had 5 sessions for training, how to correct their mistake and how to write errorless or lessens writing. After 5 sessions they wrote 2 paragraphs. The researchers corrected their errors, collected data and compare them. The T-test analysis revealed that the experimental group out performed on post- test. The findings can be applied for teacher training, classroom teaching and language assessment.

Automatic annotation is in fact the process of classifying medical using global and local features of standard image codes (IRMA) while being extracted. This includes four technical data axes of providing image (modality), direction, anatomy, and biological system. A few number of recent researches have been conducted on the extraction of Gabor filter feature in HSV color space for automatic annotation, but until now no complete comparison has been conducted on the accuracy of the different classifications in resolution and annotation of the images based on the Gabor filter feature in HSV color space. The results from the known and famous classifiers used on the four characteristics of anatomy, direction, biological system and modality are presented in this paper, which show that K-Nearest Neighbor is the most efficient classification group as far as accuracy is concerned.

Automatic annotation is in fact the process of classifying medical using global and local features of standard image codes (IRMA) while being extracted. This includes four technical data axes of providing image (modality), direction, anatomy, and biological system. A number of recent researches have been conducted on the extraction of the scale invariant feature transform for automatic annotation, but until now no complete comparison has been conducted on the accuracy of the different classifications in resolution and annotation of the images based on the scale invariant feature transform. The results from the known and famous classifiers used on the four characteristics of anatomy, direction, biological system and modality are presented in this paper, which show that Sequential Minimal Optimization is the most efficient classification group as far as accuracy is concerned.

Automatic annotation is in fact the process of classifying medical using global and local features of standard image codes (IRMA) while being extracted. This includes four technical data axes of providing image (modality), direction, anatomy, and biological system. A number of recent researches have been conducted on the extraction of the local binary pattern texture features for automatic annotation, but until now no complete comparison has been conducted on the accuracy of the different classifications in resolution and annotation of the images based on the local binary pattern texture features. The results from the known and famous classifiers used on the four characteristics of anatomy, direction, biological system and modality are presented in this paper, which show that Sequential Minimal Optimization is the most efficient classification group as far as accuracy is concerned.

Automatic annotation is actually a classification of medical images, using global and local features of images, IRMA standard code are extracted for them which consists of four data axes techniques of image providing (modality), direction, anatomy, and biological system. Recent researches show despite the fact that classification with high accuracy has been achieved good results but cannot always be optimal for all features of images. Therefore, in this paper, in order to improve the efficiency of automatic annotation system of medical images in terms of classification accuracy, the combined classifiers votes’ technique (Majority Voting) and Gabor filter feature in HSV color space for images has been used. The results are promising and improved performance show the improvement of the quality of the proposed system. In fact, in addition to high speed compared with previous methods, it has been achieved good accuracy as much as 75.1 percent

This study was an attempt to evaluate Iranian high school English textbooks in terms of vocabulary, grammatical structures and compatibility between reading comprehension texts and grammar exercises. Readability formula and experts’ judgment were used to ensure that high school textbooks, English American headway and English American file books were at the same level of difficulty .The findings revealed that, there were a significant lack of compatibility between the grammatical structures and reading comprehension passages in each lesson and also between high school textbooks and English American headway and English American file books in terms of the order of presentation and content.

Menstrual cycle is an integral part of women’s fertility period. Although having a minor pain during menstruation is normal, severe pain could not be considered normal. During years of adolescence and youth having severe menstruation pains is the main reason for absence of women from work and school, thus it is important to pay attention to its reasons and solutions for reducing it. The current research general aim is comparing the effect of 12-week Kegel exercises and stretching exercises on pain and quality of life of females aging 18 to 25 suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. In this research which was a quasi-experimental study, 60 individuals (20.21 years±1.85) from single girls of Bandar Abbas who visited clinics because of severe pain of menstruation from 2012 to 2013 were chosen through completing Evaluation Form of Primary Dysmenorrhea, Visual Analogue Scale (NRS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire and they were randomly divided in to two groups of experimental group (Kegel exercises and stretching exercises) and control group. Exercises were 12 weeks long, 3 sessions per week, 2 times a day and each time for 10 to 15 minutes, and also after 12 weeks again the McGill Pain Questionnaire was distributed among 3 groups. Analysis results of repeating the measurements showed that Kegel exercise and stretching exercise are effective on reducing the severity and duration of menstrual pain. Also results showed that the effect of Kegel exercises on reducing severity and duration of menstrual pain is more than the stretching exercises. Based on these results, Kegel exercise and stretching exercise result in reducing the severity and duration of pain of primary dysmenorrhea. Thus perhaps it is possible to use Kegel exercises and stretching exercises for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

Crystals of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KAP), a semi-organic compound, have been grown by slow evaporation method at room temperature from aqueous solution in the presence of mono valent metal ionic impurities Ag+, Li+ and Na+. Elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) proves the incorporation of these impurities into the grown crystals. Powder X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the phase formation and metal ions doping into KAP crystals. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) show the onset decomposition temperatures to be 255, 258, 238 and 272°C for pure and Ag+, Li+ and Na+ doped KAP crystals respectively. Microhardness studies revealed that Na-KAP crystals have higher hardness values than all the doped crystal. All the crystal exhibited the second harmonic generation (SHG) conversion efficiency. The grown crystals were also subjected to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy studies and dielectric studies. Among the three investigated metal ion impurities, Na+ ion seem to have positive influence on the growth, mechanical, thermal, dielectric and SHG characteristics of KAP which makes it suitable for limited level of applications.

Differential Power Analysis (DPA) has been shown to be an effective attack in cryptographic systems capable of revealing secret data by measuring power consumption. Recent DPA resistant circuits / logics incur severe penalties in terms of area and power. This paper proposes the design of a secure logic family for DPA resistant cryptographic devices. Here the power consumption is insensitive to unbalanced load conditions thus adopting a semi-custom design flow without any constraint on the routing of the complementary wires. The proposed logic is based on a novel encoding concept where the information is represented in time domain rather than in the spatial domain as in standard dual-rail logic. In this paper, a logic family exploiting the proposed concept is simulated to show power consumption independent of the processed data and routing capacitances. It also shows an optimistic improvement in the energy consumption balancing and area reduction.

Education is a process whereby an individual acquires positive changes in behaviour geared towards contributing positive development top himself and the society in which he lives. It is a necessary weapon that can be used to surmount ignorance, poverty and disease and to produce functional citizens with positive attitudes towards loving what they ought to love and hating what they ought to hate, Enaibe & Imonivwerha (2007:10). This paper focuses, on the importance of education in improving the socio-economic development of individual’s with special reference to the socio-economic development of women (girl child) in the society. Poverty is an offspring of under-development as equal education is the way out of the women’s plight and their contribution to, sustainable socio-economic development. When a girl child is educated the whole family, state and nation is educated. Without education there can be no meaningful development in any nation. Some useful suggestions were made and conclusion drawn that education for sure enhances the socio-economic development of the citizenry.

In the present world scenario, in most of the places, people have been using English (American, British, Australian, etc) for business communication. There are a few pockets in this world, where English is not spoken. But, majority of the people in the world speak, read, and write English; they also use it to further their business needs, skills, and requirements. People who are from non-native English speaking countries need to learn this language separately as their second language, whereas native speakers, whose first language is English ,not only speak it fluently since their childhoods but also it in their day - to - day inter action. Interest in learning-strategies began with the publication of papers col1ctiveIy known as the ?good language 1earner” studies (Cohen & 998). Since then, hundreds of studies have been generated that lock at different aspects of learning-strategies and their roles in second 1anguage learning.

When I was 16 I read an abstract about Ernest Hemingway’s story life and his dead. It disappointed me because I didn’t know why he should kill himself with a shotgun. I was encouraged by this question to find an answer to this question. Now I am 22 years old and being an English student is my key chance! Yes key chance because I’ve made a golden house and there is a door and you should be able to answer to all questions in English to pass the door and enter to the house .So knowing English proficiently is the key of entering. But when I decided to choose this article that why Ernest Hemingway killed himself as the same way that his father had done before him I thought that nobody can answer to this question and probably no one knew him more than himself and non of his friends are alive so what should I do ? After thinking a lot finally I found that he was a man that tried to have another Ernest in his stories like in the story of “Charles”! So who he was? I selected short stories & or excepts by early 20 century American author, Ernest Hemingway, Found background information on Hemingway, provided access to print and electronic resources to collect data an critical comments on the Hemingway’s short stories, and provide some time for the reading of the short stories. Finally I got that there is a character in his short stories that has lots of similarities with his characteristic and he was Nick Adams and in my opinion he is the second Ernest who is not dead and every day that Ernest’s books are printing he is born and shows that Ernest is alive and it means that my key chance is in its exact position and with a little pressure the door will be opened and now I am trying …But this is 1.4 of my complete issue.

Language as a representation of fundamental concepts and ideas has been studied and thought worthy Crystallized thoughts, beliefs and convictions of language in different kind of languages are one of the main foci which noticed in many humanity subjects. In recent years, our knowledge and understanding of multiple aspects of “relationship” has been increased because of many investigations of language behavior. (Wales 1990); translation process is a language process which is set between two languages so understanding and recognizing it is much harder and simple conception (the only means to ignore all the elements that are involved in any cases), regardless of background, effects of relationship and the position will be like a lion with not mane and tail. Author, reader and text have features that considering to them is necessary in understanding and transferring the text message correctly; we will have different complications, even if we believe that the translation is reversing the words and patterns because, because the set of elements and syntactic patterns are very extensive and each element has its own complex problems. Translation does not mean only entering new concepts of source language to the target language yea it is a cultural, social and communicational phenomenon that should be studied independently and descriptively. Translator slowly changes phenomena and creates the new phenomena such as the author that we often don’t recognize the meaning changes due to the collection changes.

The verifications of boundedness and compactness of the weighted composition operators of relations between different Bergman spaces of bounded symmetric domains which are Hilbert are characterized by using Carleson measure. As an application, we study the relations of multipliers between different Bergman spaces

We study composition operators between higher order weighted Bergman spaces. Certain growth conditions for generalized Nevanlinna counting functions of the inducing map are shown to be necessary and sufficient for such operators to be bounded or compact. Under a mind condition we show that a composition operators Cj is compact on the higher order weighted Bergman spaces and Hardy spaces of the open unit ball in n C if and only.

This paper examines the effects of macroeconomic variables like currency rate, inflation rate, real interest rate, gross domestic product and liquidity on the stock market index in Tehran Stock exchange during 1985 to 2015. Various econometric analyses such as Co-integration and Vector Error Correction Method (VECM) are employed on time series data. It finds that Iran’s stock market is positively influenced by the inflation and currency rates and negatively affected by the liquidity. On the other hand the relationship between real interest rates and stock price is positive but not significant.

The main role of financial reporting is transferring information to outsiders in a credible manner, which it is realized by high quality disclosure of financial information. We investigate the relationship between information disclosure with profitability ratios as return on assets, return on equity, return on sales and dividend payout. Also panel data techniques and Binary Logit econometric model has been used in the period of 2008-2012. The results show that there is no significant relationship between information disclosure with return on equity and dividend payout, but there is a significant relationship with return on assets and return on sales.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of using Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ vocabulary learning and speaking skill and also to investigate the feelings and notions of learners and their teacher with regard to the application of PBL approach in English classes. 26 EFL learners which formed two intact classes in a language institute participated in this study. The placement test which was administered in both groups indicated that the students of both groups were homogeneous and that they were in intermediate level. Experimental group was comprised of 14 female learners while the control group included 12 male learners. At the beginning of the study a vocabulary and a speaking test was administered in both classes as the pre-test. Learners in the control group were taught with the prevalent traditional lecture-based, teacher-centered teaching approach while students in the experimental group enjoyed being taught with PBL approach according to which learners were given problems which required learners to think, search about the problem and debate with their classmates. After a semester, learners in both groups were asked to take the vocabulary and speaking tests as the post-test. Result of the data analysis disclosed that learners in the experimental group outperformed their counterparts in the control group, both in vocabulary and speaking tests, which indicated that PBL approach can improve learners’ vocabulary learning and speaking ability compared to traditional methods. Moreover, the data gathered through learners’ self-report and interview with the teacher represented the general positive view of learners and teacher toward PBL approach. More elaborate description and report of the issue in this respect is provided in the discussion.

This article was an attempt to analyze Hafez Poetry and its translated version regarding some aspects which may have gone unnoticed and may still be subject to much misinterpretation. Each couplet is full of terms which are of many probable references according to scholars.

In today's dynamic environment, proper strategies are not enough for companies and they should also be able to work in harmony with their environment. Innovation is one of the factors that allow companies to achieve sustainable competitive advantage through appropriate leadership style and knowledge absorptive capacity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the intermediary role of knowledge absorptive capacity between transactional leadership style and innovation. The population of the study included medium and large-scale manufacturing companies in the industrial estates of Mashhad County. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire. Structural equation modeling and partial least squares were used for data analysis. The results of the analyzing the questionnaires distributed among the sample population - 82 senior managers of companies - showed that there was a significant and positive relationship between transactional leadership and knowledge absorptive capacity as well as knowledge absorptive capacity and organizational innovation. Therefore, the significance of the intermediary role of knowledge absorptive capacity was confirmed.

Multidimensional assessments of groundwater quality have been carried out in some communities of the Lower Pra Basin in Ghana. Samples were collected from thirty one (31) water points. All ions were determined using standard methods. Results show that ion concentrations are primarily influenced by various hydrogeological processes such as silicate weathering, ion exchange and sea aerosol spray. From the SAR calculation, 90.3% of the water was within the excellent category; 6.5% and 3.2% were within the good and unsuitable category respectively. Calculation of % sodium showed 7%, 48%, 32% and 13% being good, permissible, doubtful and unsuitable respectively. From the Wilcox’s diagram, approximately 71% fall within excellent to good category; 26% in the category of permissible to doubtful; 3% within the doubtful to unsuitable category. Approximately 90% of the samples were found to be good by RSC index; 7% fall within the doubtful category and 3% unsuitable. A high percentage was within permissible ranges for TDS and TH. The results suggest that generally groundwater samples are suitable for domestic and irrigation purposes under normal temperature and pH condition.

Jasikan College of Education is a college that has been designated to serve as Teacher Education Institution, which trains teachers academically and professionally to teach at the basic school level in the Ghana. Based on this vision, the college runs two major programs i.e. “The General Education Program” and “The Early Childhood Program”. The Early Childhood program is a program that sees to the training of teachers to teach at the lower primary schools in the country such as classes (1-3), and kindergartens (1-2). At these lower primary levels, pupils and teachers are not expected to do arithmetic’s with simple and or programmed calculators in any of the subjects. However, when it comes to arithmetic’s on conversion of S.I units, most teachers and pupils in class three end-up using calculators in arriving at answers / solutions. When this happens most pupils tend not to comprehend the subject. In view of this the researcher designed “The D-Conversion model Solution Calculator” from the Distance conversion model (The D-Conversion model) to help both teachers and pupils arrive at answers very easy to tutors and meaningful to pupils when it comes to conversion of distance. This D-Conversion model Solution Calculator is a tool which helps one to arrive at the same answers that simple and or complex calculators give. The D-Conversion model Solution Calculator on one dimension distance (length) was tested on the 114 second year Early Childhood students of Jasikan College of Education. Its used in this study was (1) to see whether the 2011/ 2012 Early Childhood students will be able to perform some arithmetic’s on conversion of length without the use of calculators and (2) to aid the 2011/2012 Early Childhood students design their own teaching and learning material in teaching conversion to the use of calculators as a teaching and learning material in their out-segment schools and or their posted schools.

Conversion within quantities of same units and between quantities of different units is a thorny subject to students of Jasikan College of Education (Butterfield, Sutherland & Molyneux-Hodgson, 2000) and its treatment by tutors sometimes becomes very difficult such that most tutors resort to handling the subject theoretically/ abstractly. When this happens most students seemed not to comprehend the subject. In view of this, the DTML-Conversion model (i.e. D-Conversion model, T-Conversion model, M-Conversion model and the L-Conversion model) was designed. The DTML-Conversion Model is a model that has been designed by the researcher to make the teaching of conversion in measurement very easy to tutors and meaningful to students. The DTML-Conversion Model was tested on first year students of Jasikan College of Education. The researcher tested the DTML-Conversion model on 150 first year students in Jasikan College of Education by first teaching conversion using the traditional method which is the Conversion-factor for distance, time, mass and litre for a period of one month. A test was administered, collected and recorded, after which the DTML-Conversion model was introduced with similar test items. Comparison of the two test results showed that, students seemed to comprehend conversion in measurement with the DTML-Conversion model to the conversion-factor method.

The P-Value models were designed by the researcher to teach Place Values in mathematics. The P-Value models are tools which is methodology in nature. It depicts yet another / alternative practical way of teaching Place Values in Mathematics to the usual / known method (Appendix A; Appendix B) of teaching Place Value (Kumassah, 2012; Price 2002; Price, 2001). The mathematical formulas of the P-Value models shows the step (s) / movement (s) involved in arriving at a specific number (s) / figure (s) and also the total / sum / overall number (s) / figure (s) in each P-Value models. The mathematical formulas of the P-Value models can be employed in teaching and used at the industry level. The researcher is of the view that the use of the P-Value models may help teachers teach Place Value effectively and students learn meaningfully of Place Values in mathematics. The P-Value model solution-boxes serve as a calculator to the actual calculators. It gives the same answers as that of the actual calculators and also shows and reveals the hidden mathematical operations of the actual calculator. Instead of a student manipulating the hidden operations of an actual calculator, with the P-Value model solution-box he/she practically sees and manipulates that hidden operations of a calculator.

Physical quantity is a topic in the elective physics syllabus in taught in all categories of senior high schools two (SHS2) in Ghana and science students are to show an appreciable understanding of its measurement. However, serious doubt have been raised in the Physics Chief Examiner’s report of the West African Examination Council of Ghana of both physics-1 (theory) and physics-2 (practical) as to whether science students really understand measurement of physical quantities. In view of this, the researcher used a mixed designed method to gather data from SHS3 physics students’ on their understanding of measurement uncertainty of length and time. A population of 422 SHS3 physics students were sampled and a two item questionnaire on distance and time administered in order to find out whether the problem enumerated by the Chief Examiners’ of Physics concerning physics students exist and were either with the set paradigm or the point paradigm concept. Also five SHS3 physics were purposively selected and interviewed in order to validate students’ written responses. The study revealed that students do not have an understanding of measurement uncertainty by the set paradigm concept. Based on the findings of this study it was recommended that physics teachers should make effort to make scientific measurement by the set paradigm concept relevant to all senior high school science students in Volta region of Ghana.

Conformity plays a fundamental role in creating consistency and minimizing disharmony within organizations. In addition, there are aspects of nonconformity that increase authenticity, reduce burnout, and promote innovation. Conformity is rooted in social influence and implies that individuals naturally look to leaders for group identity. Leaders are also often responsible for the integration of followers and the establishment of organizational standards. Because of this, there is value in understanding how Servant Leadership (SL) behaviors might influence conformity. This paper will provide insight into the relationship between followers' perception of SL and levels of Conformity.

The application of 20t/ha OF in each treatment supplemented with FE, in different frequencies of application resulted to higher yield as compared with control. Also, continued application of solid organic fertilizer in the soil, markedly improved all the soil properties after each cropping. Labor cost in land preparation and weeding were also reduced in different treatments with 20 t/ha + FE frequency. FE supplementation to organic solid fertilizer relatively reduced insect pest population and incidence of diseases

Effective administrative practices including budget is continually redefined by states, districts, and schools. The administration attempts to keep up with all changes and meet with the expectations such as reconstructing the budget. Furthermost, the school budgeting practices are within a collaborative decision-making context which include the manners to link educational goal development to management. Panic began in New Jersey when Governor Christie (R) cut $1B in education budget in 2010 (Corbett, 2010; Chakrabarti & Sutherland 2012) and again announced $1.6 billion cut in 2013 (Shinski 2013). This action meant that not only many teachers were discharged but also programs were eliminated. When schools face massive cuts, prioritization and measuring the possibilities started by administrators. In a small measure this paper examines the effects of reducing school budgets and approaches to proceed successful educational programs with concentrating on New Jersey public education. The effects of reducing school budgets.

Sesame meal is a byproduct of oil extraction factories. This product is considered as waste and it used to feed livestock and poultry. Hence, we evaluated effect of sesame meal methanol extraction on the physicochemical characteristics of pasteurized butter. In this study, oil extraction was performed by methanol at room temperature for 24 h. The compositions determined by HPLC chromatography, also sample of butter were packed with three concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 ppm. Oxidative tests including acid index, anisidine, peroxide, the induction period, total polyphenol compounds, conjugated diene value in 0 days, 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th and 90th of maintenance level (P< 0/05). The results showed that the butter with a concentration of 150 ppm and storage temperature -18 ° C showed highest resistance to oxidative and organoleptic evaluation, also it had significant differences with T1, T2 and T treatments (P< 0.05). The worst example, to control the temperature of 4 ° C. interaction between concentration × time × temperature factors was significant for all treatments (p>0/01).

Dynamism pumps the blood to the body of society; therefore, the dynamic and communicative nature of language can not only be considered integral in teaching, but also in assessing a language. Recently, all over the world traditional ways of assessment are trading place with more communicative ones. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate whether dynamic and formative assessment had significantly different impact on improving the listening skills of Iranian EFL Learners. To do so, 90 intermediate male and female learners from a language school in Tehran were elected. A piloted PET was administered as homogeneity test and 60 learners were selected as the participants and randomly assigned into two groups of thirty. To make sure that there is no statistically significant difference between the performances of the two groups in the beginning of the research a listening pretest of PET was administered in both experimental groups. In one group dynamic assessment, through teaching metacognitive strategies, was administered on learners' listening skills, while the other group's listening skill was assessed formatively. After fourteen sessions a posttest of PET was administered for both groups. The evaluation of the findings showed that the dynamically assessed group outperformed the formative one.