Archives-j 

In higher education, no in-depth studies have been identified that investigate the vocabulary of Undergraduate Engineering students. This study investigated undergraduate students’ English vocabulary with special reference to certain sociological factors in an Engineering college located in Tamilnadu, India. The research findings show that the students’ vocabulary strength differs based on gender, locality of living, medium of instruction, general reading habit. Based on above mentioned factor hypotheses were formulated and tested in this research study and the findings have been given as the outcome of the study. The research results indicate that students are having only limited vocabulary and much focus to be given to vocabulary else students cannot develop their language proficiency.

The combined effects of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation on unsteady, laminar, free convective flow with heat and mass transfer over an incompressible viscous fluid past a non-isothermal vertical cone with variable surface temperature and concentration are considered in this article. The dimensionless governing equations of the flow that are unsteady, coupled and non-linear partial differential equations are solved by an efficient, accurate and unconditionally stable finite difference scheme of Crank-Nicolson type. The velocity, temperature and concentration fields have been studied for the effect of Eckert number (Ec), Prandtl number (Pr), radiation parameter (F), Schmidt number (Sc), buoyancy ratio parameter (N), semi vertical cone angle ( ), surface temperature power law exponent (n) and surface concentration power law exponent (m). The local skin-friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are also presented and analyzed graphically. It is observed that, when the radiation parameter increases, the velocity decreases close to the cone surface and an increase in Eckert number is observed to increase both velocity and temperature. The present results are compared with the available results in literature and are found to be in good agreement.

Good quality single crystals of a new semi organic Bis p- Nitrophenol Magnesium chloride (BPNPMC) were grown from solution by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. The grown crystal have been confirmed by single crystal X-Ray Diffraction Method. UV -Vis transmission and absorption studies reveals that the grown crystal were optically transparent through the visible range. The vibrational frequencies of various functional groups in the crystals have been derived from Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). In the dielectric studies, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the crystal were measured as a function of frequency and various temperatures. The optical studies indicate the sample, optical transparency window is quite wide, making it suitable for NLO applications. Micro hardness studies were carried out to confirm the mechanical behavior of the crystal. The second harmonic generation (SHG) test has been confirmed by the Kurtz powder test and its efficiency 1.73 times higher than that of KDP.

The electron density and charge transport studies of organic field effect transistors (OFETs) based 2-phenyl-3Hpyrrole molecule have been calculated from the quantum chemical and DFT methods. Density functional theory calculations with B3LYP/aug-cc-PVDZ basis sets was used to determine ground state gas space molecular geometries (bond lengths and bond angles), electron density and bonding features of this molecule. The electron densities at the bond critical point (BCP) of aromatic Car–Car bonds are much stronger than the other bonds in the molecule. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies is ~5.50 eV [B3LYP/aug-cc-PVDZ], this shows that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. The HOMO–LUMO gap calculated from quantum chemical calculations has been compared with the value calculated from the density of states. The negative electrostatic potential (ESP) is concentrated solely around the N atoms, whereas in the rest of the region a positive ESP to dominate.

Tropical forests are more diverse than the other terrestrial ecosystems by possessing greater number of life forms. It is widely accepted that the identification and prioritization of important centers of biodiversity are necessary at both the national and the global scale for conservation action. Indian subcontinent, with diverse bio-climatic regions supports one of the richest flora and fauna. The increased human pressure and consequent effects on the landform and land use changes has a profound effect on the present vegetation and the biodiversity. The present study is one of the important parts of Gangetic plains whose flora is unique to India because of the tropical drier and occasionally humid climate, it provides the information on the present status of biodiversity of the forests of Dalma in Jharkhand state through analyses of phyto-sociology and remote sensing data, as to their structure and compositional variations correlated with topography, fragmentation and threats operating, which may be useful for planning and monitoring sustainable management of forests and conservation of biodiversity. The objective of the present study is to present initial information of vegetation through the application of RS and GIS techniques along with a phytosociological analysis of the forests for their diversity and it’s based on three major approaches i.e. Remote Sensing, GIS and Ecology.

Power has been an important issue for the present day microelectronic circuits of Soc designs. In the entire phase of design controlling power and dealing with power dissipation is very important. There are six leakage components in a MOS transistor. About 50 % of the total power consumption is through leakage components alone. Out of this 40 % power dissipation is through transistors. Out of them subthreshold leakage and gate leakage are of important concern for sub 100 nm devices. In this work we presented the main leakages in a 6T- SRAM cell. Later we presented an existing variable body biasing method and its performance. We proposed two novel methodologies HSVR, GSVE to reduce the subthreshold and gate leakage components. These methods are toplogy based leakage reduction methods applied for leakage reduction in the circuit level. We observed considerable reduction of both the components through the proposed methods.

Several approaches have been introduced in literature for active noise control (ANC) systems. Since FxLMS algorithm appears to be the best choice as a controller filter, researchers tend to improve performance of ANC systems by enhancing and modifying this algorithm. In this paper, modification is in done the existing FxLMS algorithm that provides a new structure for improving the tracking performance and convergence rate based on the secondary path modeling technique. The convergence rate is improved by the dynamically varying the step size of the error signal. It is also implemented using FPGA.

In this paper, we made an attempt to study the algebraic nature of intuitionistic fuzzy subsemiring of a semiring.

In this paper, we introduce generalized semi generalized closed sets (gsg-closed sets) in bitopological spaces and basic properties of these sets are analyzed. As an application this closed set we investigate the notion of (i,j) -Tgsg space. Further we define and study (i,j)-gsg continuous mappings in bitopological spaces and some of their properties have been investigated. ?

In a mobile ad hoc network, the mobility and resource constraints of mobile nodes may lead to network partitioning or performance degradation. Several data replication techniques have been proposed to minimize performance degradation. Most of them assume that all mobile nodes collaborate fully in terms of sharing their memory space. In reality, however, some nodes may selfishly decide only to cooperate partially, or not at all, with other nodes. These selfish nodes could then reduce the overall data accessibility in the network. In this paper, the impact of selfish nodes in a mobile ad hoc network from the perspective of replica allocation is examined. A selfish node detection algorithm was developed that considers partial selfishness and novel replica allocation techniques to properly cope with selfish replica allocation. The conducted simulations demonstrate the proposed approach outperforms traditional cooperative replica allocation techniques in terms of data accessibility, communication cost and average query delay.

An engaged employee is considered as a panacea for most of the organizational problems. This article focuses on the critical aspects of need for the engaged employee, how an organization can redesign its employee engagement drivers, with the use of different models available in literature. It reviews the traditional method, current studies and research performed on the employee engagement and views that human resource leaders needs to adopt the innovative way and real transformation that happens in corporate world to retain and engage employees to remain competitive in today’s global marketplace.

Innovations are increasing being looked upon to solve many an organizational problems, be it product development, service delivery ormanaging human resource. The importance is the third aspect is felt more strongly due to the fact that talented manpower which fits the organizational culture and value system is hard to find and retain. The HR professionals are adopting innovative HR practices apart from an attractive and competitive salarypackage to attract and retain talent. But one major grey area that is ignored is the image the employer is conveying to attract the desired pool and the image the present employees foster. With the serious talent crunch faced by India Inc innovative HR practices has to be adopted to create a favorable Employer brand. This paper focuses on the innovative HR practice which can be adopted to overshadow the grey areas .We, authors have coined the term ,”Crunch branding” which will be a effective tool to be used for employee retention.

Since Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) unit with a self-commutated converter is capable of controlling both the active and reactive power simultaneously and quickly, increasing attention has been focused recently on power system stabilization by SMES control. In this paper investigates the self tuning control scheme for SMES is proposed and applied to Automatic Generation Control (AGC) in power system. The system is assumed to be consisting of two areas. The proposed self-tuning control scheme is used to implement the automatic generation control for load frequency control application adding to conventional control configuration. The effects of the self tuning configuration with Fuzzy Proportional Integral Controller (FPIC) in AGC on SMES control for the improvement of Load Frequency Control (LFC) is compared with that of PI controlled AGC. The effectiveness of the SMES control technique is investigated when Area Control Error (ACE) is used as the control input to SMES. The computer simulation of the two-area interconnected power system shows that the self tuning FPIC control scheme of AGC is very effective in damping out of the oscillations caused by load disturbances in one or both of the areas and it is also seen that the FPIC controlled SMES performs primary frequency control more effectively compared to PI controlled SMES in AGC control

Variation in load frequency is an index for normal operation of power systems. When load Perturbation takes place anywhere in any area of the system, it will affect the frequency at other areas also. To control load frequency of power systems various controllers are used in different areas, but due to non-linearity's in the system components and alternators, these controllers cannot control the frequency quickly and efficiently. The simple neural networks can alleviate this difficulty. This paper deals with the Artificial Neural Network ( ANN) is applied to self tune the parameters of Proportional-Integral-Derivative(PID) ontroller. The single, Two Area non-reheat system has been considered for simulation of the proposed self tuning ANN based PID controller. In the PID controller parameters are continuously adjusted according to the change in area-control error (ACE). Simulations of the networks are carried out for different load changes 1% and change of 1% in governor time constant and turbine time constant parameters. The proposed method for simulation results are obtained by the other controllers of PI and PID compared highlighting the performance of PID-ANN controller. The simulation works developed by MATLAB- SIMULINK Environment. The simulink results are obtained by qualitatively and quantitatively .The qualitative comparison is used for the Integral Square Error (ISE), Integral Absolute Error (IAE) and Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) is minimized in single and multi area power system. Therefore the Comparison of responses with conventional integral controller(PI) & PID controller show that the neural-network controller (ANN-PID) has quite satisfactory generalization capability, feasibility and reliability, as well as accuracy in both single and multi area power system.

In this paper, we study some of the properties of (?, ?)-level subsets of bipolar valued fuzzy subsemiring and prove some results on these.

Globalization has brought about a new perspective and fresh challenges and vast opportunities in its train. Indian agriculture is undergoing a fundamental change wherein the technology and inputs are moving out of the hands of farmers to external suppliers. It is agriculture is confronted by a number of challenges as domestic prices of several commodities have gone up and are much higher than international price. This has made imports attractive adversely affecting exports. The price distortion due to long supply chain in farm produce marketing and the resultant low share of farmers in the final price is an important issue in the development of agriculture. Therefore, there is a need to integrate agriculture sector with commercial and industrial sector on the same business principle. The importance of commodity market, in this respect, needs no emphasis.

In this article, we studied the effects of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity on an unsteady two-dimensional laminar flow of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid past a semi-infinite vertical plate taking into account the mass transfer. The fluid viscosity is assumed to vary as a linear function of temperature. The governing equations for the flow are transformed into a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations are solved by a closed analytical form. The effects of the various parameters on the velocity, temperature, concentration and skin-friction profiles are presented graphically.

In this work Mahua oil cake was used to extract the bio oil using fixed bed fast pyrolysis experiments. The effects of three parameters on the pyrolysis efficiency were tested to identify the optimal bio oil production. The parameters are temperature, nitrogen gas flow rate and feed stock particle size. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM), with a Box Behnken Design (BBD), was used for modelling and optimizes the process parameters. The results showed that the second-order polynomial equation explains adequately the non-linear nature of the modelled response. An R2 value of 0.9318 indicates a sufficient adjustment of the model with the experimental data. The optimal conditions found to be at the temperature of 550°C, N2 flow rate of 0.3 lpm and particle size of 4 mm. The yield of bio-oil was obtained 25.90 wt %. In addition the bio oil was characterized by elemental the gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC- MS) were analyzed.

Security systems are basically based on authentication process. It is being more secure using different approaches. Verity of security systems is available in market but, they uses conventional scheme for identification of a person for an authentication process. Authentication is based on identification process. Recently signals like EEG and ECG called physiological signal of a human is a famous subject for the researcher. Many systems are being developed using this unique human characteristic. It is very hard to copy and universal for every human kind. In experiment for person identification method uses EEG signal, Wavelet Packet Decomposition (WPD) for feature extraction and Self-organizing map (SOM) as a classifier.

7-Hydroxy-8-allyl-2H-3-chromene carbaldehyde and m-CPBA in chloroform on heating to gave 8-hydroxymethyl-8,9-dihydro-2H-furo[2,3-h] chromene-3-carbaldehydes(3a-d) and 2H-3-chromenecarbaldehyde reaction with malononitrile to gave 9-amino-6H-benzochromene-8,10-dicarbonitriles (6a-d) in good yields.

The Baylis-Hillmann reaction of 8-formyl-7-hydroxy furyl chromones on react with Acrylonitrile in DABCO/CHCl3 medium under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature gives of 2-(2-furyl)-3-methyl-4oxo-4H,8H-pyrano[2,3-f]chromene-9-carbonitrilies (4a-h) in good yields.

The wide variety of waveforms in EEG signals and the high non-stationary nature of many of them is one of the main difficulties to develop automatic detection systems for them. In sleep stage classification a relevant transient wave is the K-complex. This report comprehends the developing of new Fuzzy_Neural algorithm in order to achieve an automatic K-complex detection from EEG raw data. The Fuzzy c-means algorithm is used for the rough and rapid recognition of K-complex and the Neural Network classifier does the exact evaluation on the detected K-complex. This Pattern recognition technique is a hardware independent solution for the biomedical signal processing field. This represents a significant criterion for the objective assessment of a patient’s sleep quality.

In this paper, the author has studied performance of a three unit redundant system with the impact of switch and human failure. A system with three identical unit has been considered for assessment of performance under 2-out –of -3: G; policy. In the system, a switch is used to transfer load from one unit to another unit. All three units of system are connected in parallel configuration and working under 2-out-of-3: G; policy. The system can have two types of failure partial failure and complete failure. Partial failure degrades the efficiency of system but the complete failure breakdown the system and stop functioning of the system. Switch failure and human failure are considered as complete failure. The system has two types of failure and two types of repair. General repair is employed to the partially failed system and Gumbel-Hougaard family copula distribution complete failed system. The system is studied by supplementary variable technique and various measures of reliability, such as availability, reliability, MTTF and profit functions have been discussed. Some particular cases have been discussed by taking different failure rates.

In recent years, the use of pesticides in agriculture has been increasing steadily. The pesticides which are liberated into the aquatic environment have a deleterious effect on fish and subsequently to man. Pyrethroids insecticides, including lambda-cyhalothrin (trade name Karate) are widely used for the control of insect pests all over the world to increase the production of food grain and other agricultural products. It may also be used in public health applications to control insects such as cockroaches, mosquitoes, ticks and flies may act as a disease vector. However, with the steadily increasing use of lambda-cyhalothrin, there is an urgent need to identify their possible effects on living organisms. Majority of the studies concerning effects of pesticide have been confined to the acute toxicity tests with the death of fish as an end point. Acute toxicity tests aimed at estimating the effect of toxicants on organisms in a short period of time. The static bioassay procedure was used to study the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin on Etroplus suratensis. The experimental fish E.suratensis were exposed to different concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin. Ten healthy fishes were introduced into each concentration and the mortality was observed after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hrs of exposure. The 96 hrs LC50 value of lambda-cyhalothrin to E.suratensis was 0.107 ppm respectively. The results showed that, the mortality rate of E.suratensis increased with the increase in the concentration of lambda-cyhalothrin, but, this phenomenon was not observed in control. Based on the result, lambda-cyhalothrin is highly toxic to Etroplus suratensis, therefore its use near fish farms or in areas close to aquatic bodies should not be encouraged.

A study on the DC performance of Nano Quantum Dot Transistor under illumination is presented. A device structure consist of Quantum Dots(QD) in the GaAs layer is considered for illumination. The photoconductive effect in the GaAs and QD layer which increases the 2DEG Channel electron concentration is considered. The I-V Characteristics of Quantum Dot Transistor, under dark and illumination condition have been calculated, plotted and discussed.

The adsorption behavior of Nickel (II) ions from aqueous solution on ODINA WODIER (OW) bark carbon was investigated as a function of parameters such as adsorbent dose, initial Nickel (II) ions concentration, effect of solution PH, contact time and temperature. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms. From these experimental data and RL value indicate the adsorption process is favourable. The thermodynamic parameters such as ?H0, ?S0, and ?G0 were evaluated and the adsorption process was physical adsorption. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich kinetic models and the intra-particle diffusion model were used to fit the experimental data by using linear regression analysis method. The high correlation coefficient (?) values indicate the fitness of the model. The kinetic of this process having high correlation coefficient (?) were pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion models. The adsorption mechanism is proved by FT-IR, XRD and SEM images. The OW bark carbon has high adsorption capacity and adsorption rate for the removal of Nickel (II) ions from aqueous solution.

In this paper, we propose a different approach for efficiently conserving energy in wireless sensor networks. Our approach towards energy consuming in sensor networks is fully distributed to consume very low energy for finding the path along with data transmission. We use two protocols LEACH and ELEACH-M to find the route for data transmission and make its performance by comparing the route discovery of those two protocols. Bayesian inference is used to inference the missing data from the nodes that were not active during each sensing. Game theory offers mode for distributed allocation of energy resources and thus provides a way of expecting the characteristics of wireless sensor networks. We make game approach to obtain the optimal probabilities of sleep and wake up states that were used for energy conservation.

Hepatoprotective activity and antioxidant status of ethanolic extracts of 200,400,600 mg/kg of Alpinia purpurata rhizome was evaluated against Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Acute and short-term toxicity studies were performed initially in order to ascertain the safety of ethanolic extracts of Alpinia purpurata rhizome. After 48 hrs of CCl4 induced, the extract was administered daily for 15 days. After administration of the last dose followed by 18 h fasting, rats were then sacrificed for observation of hepatoprotective activity. The effect of ethanolic extracts of Alpinia purpurata on the CCl4 treated rats. Ethanolic extract showed significant (p<0.05) hepatoprotective effect by lowering the serum levels of various biochemical parameters such as serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phospatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBL), total cholesterol (CHL) in the selected model and liver biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes) were estimated. These biochemical observations were in turn confirmed by histopathological examinations of liver sections and are comparable with the standard hepatoprotective drug Silymarin (25.0 mg/kg body weight, p.o) which served as a positive control. Treatment with ethanolic extracts of Alpinia purpurata decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation and increased the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase. The ethanolic extracts of Alpinia purpurata rhizome exhibited hepatoprotective effect by modulating lipid peroxidation and augmenting antioxidant defense system in CCl4 treated rats.

The aim of this study was focused on investigating the possible protective effect of Alpinia Purpurata rhizome against Gentamicin -induced nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity was measured by various methods like creatinine, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and suppressed superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities in renal tissues. Activity of serum creatinine and urea levels significantly increased as a result of nephrotoxicity in the Gentamicin group. Also, creatinine and urea levels significantly decreased in Alpinia Purpurata + Gentamicin groups. In the Gentamicin group, increased significantly (p<0.05) and SOD and GSH-Px activities decreased significantly (p<0.05) when compared with control group. Alpinia Purpurata administration with Gentamicin injection result significantly increased SOD and GSH-Px activities when compared with GS group. mononuclear cell infiltration, glomerular and basement membrane alterations were histopathologically detected in the kidneys of the Gentamicin group. Co-treatments with Alpinia Purpurata considerably decreased the renal damage when compared with the Gentamicin group. In conclusion Alpinia Purpurata rhizome acts in the kidney as a potent scavenger of free radicals to prevent the toxic effects of Gentamicin both in the biochemical and histopathological parameters.

The FMI (Fullbore formation microimager) log provides clear identification of wells geological characteristics. In this study, the identification and interpretation of the structures, texture, lithology, porosity, bedding, lamination, diagenetic processes, porous/non porous layers and determination of facies, sequence stratigraphy and reservoir characteristics in kangan formation, are discussed using FMI logs, thin section, core photograph and porosity logs. The Kangan lower Triassic aged carbonates formation, was deposited in the giant South Pars gas field in the Persian Gulf Basin and consists of limestone, dolomite, anhydritic dolomite, and thin shaly layers facies. The aim of this study is to provide the FMI farcies, sequence stratigraphy and subunits reservoir characteristics changes of Kangan Formation. Based on FMI logs and comparing with thin section, core photograph and porosity logs introduced 12 FMI facies(FF) in kangan formation (Table1). Three major composite depositional sequences have then been defined: K1A, K1B and K2A. They have been further subdivided into 12 depositional units, 6 tight (low reservoir characteristics) and 6 conductive (high reservoir characteristics).

This paper evaluates the economic impact of projects fund and personnel costs of propagation on operating performance of the country's two main products, namely wheat and canola, between the years 1997-2007, in Parsabad Moghan region. In this study, data is consisting of three sections: descriptive analysis, and regression relations. In regression analysis, "projects’ fund and propagation of personnel costs" is the independent variable; and “wheat yield" as well as "canola yield" are dependent variables which are inserted into two separate equations, respectively. And given the significance of the value of F (P = 0/0000), in both equations, and also with regard to the high amount of R ¬ 2, it can be concluded that propagation credits are the major role in increasing or reducing the performance of these two products. It can also be concluded that the effect of propagation in increasing the wheat is more than canola yield and it is able to explain 91% of the performance of this product. Also, given the amount of R2, the credits in the case of canola is able to explain 71% of the changes in performance of this product.

From the beginning of creation, human being has always been hostile towards the ecosystem by changing the environment. Dams are one of the important structures in the systems of water transport and resources. The goal of these studies is to evaluate the environmental effects of the dams, obtaining a comprehensive recognition of the present situation of the environment in the location of dam and the span influencing it. These studies also aim at recognizing the design activities which are done in the considered environment. After gaining a dual recognition, the effects of design activities on all components of the environment (consisting of about 100 factors such as air, water, soil, plant, animal, biodiversity, population, culture, monuments, and etcetera) are determined. In this article, the advantages and disadvantages of dams will be investigated from an environmental perspective. From this perspective, there are lots of advantages as well as disadvantages for dams. They provide reliable water resources, protect the surrounding areas from floods, and also provide a clean energy. Hydroelectric energy (generating electricity by the energy of water) has more advantages than the other two major sources of generating electricity i.e. fossil fuel and nuclear energy. However, dams and water resources also cause some problems. In arid and semi-arid areas, water is easily evaporated from the tanks and canals which transport water. This causes a waste of water and an increase in the density of the salt in water. Dams are a barrier to floods. The floods are important since they enrich the soil with the nutrients which are essential and significant for the ecosystems. Dams change the water flow, the temperature, the transparency of a river; change the water from a current state into a stagnant state. The changes in temperature may have an effect on the living creatures of the river because the life cycle of many invertebrates depend on the temperature. These effects may also have an effect on the situation and behavior of weather, biology, culture, monuments, and etcetera and make them change and more complicated. As a result, with regard to the significance of the positive effects of building dams, it is necessary to minimize the negative environmental effects for the sake of sustainable development. In this article, the negative effects and ways for decreasing these effects in the environment are more investigated.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of intelligent classroom and deepen student's learning speed. This analytical method and the method of data collection tools and library resources, articles and scientific sites are used. The results showed that the use of multimedia content in a wide range of senses of the students involved in the teaching and learning process is deepening. In other words, in addition to increasing the performance of various classes of applications due to the use of audio-visual senses to help students learn. The system allows students to move beyond their curricula and more emphasis on thinking skills and deep learning students. The intelligent interaction between students and teachers of the school, more intelligent, and this can lead to a higher share successful experiences between them. So schools by creating platforms for intelligent classes can take advantage of this training method used.

Necessary to achieve the objectives of the organization, the most valuable resources. In this context, growth, progress, prosperity, and enhance the capabilities of employees, as employee empowerment, has been of interest to scholars and experts. The influence of the factors affecting empowerment, job satisfaction and, as a case study, the staff at the Ayandeh bank , using the so-called solidarity, and through the analysis questionnaire. In this study, the model of empowerment Spreitzer, has been considered. The sample size of the study population according to the investigations, about 460 people-are, according to Cochran formula, was estimated at 210 people. To collect information from the sample, and to test the hypotheses is set to the survey, the survey, a total of 30 questions designed to the 17 questions translated questions Spritzer, and according to the Terms, the Ayandeh bank , have been implemented, as well as questions 1 to 13, separately, related to employee job satisfaction, according to Susan Linz model is used. In this study, after collecting data, regression testing, to determine the extent and degree of the relationship between two variables is used. Results indicate that, competence and job satisfaction of the staff at the Ayandeh bank , self-organizing job satisfaction, effectiveness and job satisfaction, meaningful sense of job satisfaction, and trust others with job satisfaction, respectively, significantly 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, influence, and so all hypotheses of the study were approved.

Nowadays, empowerment, as well-known tool that managers by it will be able, today's organizations that have features such as a variety of channels through growing reliance on horizontal structure and partner networks, little difference directors and employees of each other, and reduce organizational affiliation are run efficiently. Therefore, this study seeks to answer the question of which factors affecting the staff empowerment, job satisfaction for them now, the are. The influence of the factors affecting empowerment, job satisfaction and, as a case study, the staff of the Ayandeh bank , using the so-called correlation, and the questionnaire is analyzed. The sample size of the study population according to the investigations, about 460 of them are, according to Cochran formula, was estimated at 210 people. In this study, after collecting data from test to test, Pearson (Pearson), to determine the extent and degree of the relationship between two variables is used. Results indicate that, competency, job satisfaction among the staff of the Ayandeh bank , self-organizing job satisfaction, effectiveness, job satisfaction, a sense of meaning, job satisfaction and trust in others, job satisfaction, respectively, with the significant 0/028, 0/003, 0/04, 0/048, 0/002, A significant and positive relationship, and so all hypotheses of the study were approved.

One of the most important wheat breeding strategies under Mediterranean climate is to achieve genotypes that are potentially capable of producing desirable yield while encountering water limitation during their flowering stage. With the aim to investigate such an important issue, we planted 12 bread wheat genotypes in research farm of Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, as randomized complete blocks design (RCBD), during 2008-09 cropping year. This section of the study addresses traits such as plant height, day’s number to heading, days number to anthesis, fertile tiller number, spike length, spike weight, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight and grain yield. Estimating the phenotypic and genotypic coefficient for various traits revealed that the studied genotypes were genetically more variable in terms of traits such as plant height, spike length, grain number per spike and grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight and days to heading than in terms of other traits. Cluster analysis divided the studied genotypes into two categories. Mean of square between the categories was significant for all traits except for grain yield, spike length and date of heading. The inheritability of yield components was higher than that of grain yield.

Individual differences, attitude toward cultural perspectives of the target language community being its most significant aspect, are assumed to play a crucial role in the development of pragmatic competence. To investigate this issue, this study attempted to assess the relationship between integrative attitude and pragmatic comprehension. A multiple choice pragmatic listening test and a Likert-scaled attitude questionnaire were used to collect data from 63 undergraduate students of Teaching English as a Foreign Language at three universities in Iran. The findings suggested that integrative attitude has a significant effect on pragmatic comprehension. Therefore, it was recommended to complement classroom instructions with popular cultural perspectives of the target language community.

Consumer behavior analysis is based on consumer’s buying behavior. It aims at improving business performance through an understanding of the customer’s preferences and desires. In today’s world of growing competition where there are numerous brands selling the same products, consumers have an abundant number of choices and many diverse factors influence their buying behavior. The purpose of present paper is to compare and analyze the behavior of Dairy products consumers in Kermanshah and Kurdistan which addresses to the relationship between the aspects of consumers' behavior, demographical variables and their importance in each studied city. 92 individuals in Kermanshah and 102 individuals in Kurdistan were randomly sampled and accepted to answer. By measuring each index by determining variables which could measure them, we studied and compared both communities by using Kolmogorov – Smironov as well as Cramers V and Freedman tests. Research findings show that mental and personal factors in Kurdistan have more impacts on the behavior of processed meats than Kermanshah so that there is a significant difference between such factors in studied cities. In the meantime, it became clear that the importance degree of each behavioral aspect of consumers in Kurdistan and Kermanshah is somehow in harmony: 1. Personal factors, 2. Mental and hidden stimulant factors, 3. Social factors.

One of the most important purposes in reading English written texts is to understand writer's messages. However, it seems that the Iranian EFL learners have fundamental problems in understanding and interpreting English written texts. Making EFL/ESL students aware of efficient reading strategies that help in the reading of English texts has been the concern of educators and researchers, and necessarily reading instructors for years. Educators usually use different text structures such as; compare/contrast, cause/effect, problem/solution and a collection of descriptions to convey the message to their readers. Studies have identified that learners performed differently after they have read different text structures. In this research I investigated 2 groups of Iranian students’ performance after reading two kinds of text structures which are compare/contrast and cause/effect. These groups of subjects were 10 intermediate and 10 advanced levels who participated in study. The results of the study through t-test analysis identified that both groups performed differently after reading the different text structures. Findings of this research could provide significant awareness for both teachers and students to recognize how different reading texts can be organized in terms of difficulty.

Background: Iron oxide nanoparticles can be used for medical imaging, disease diagnosis, drug delivery, cancer treatment, gene therapy and other cases. These particles accumulate in liver cells and lead to oxidative stress with generation of reactive oxygen species. Aim: This study investigates the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on liver tissue and enzymes [alanine aminotransfere (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] in male rat. Methods: 40 adult male rats of wistar strain, weighing 250-300 g were used for this study. The rats were randomly assigned to four groups. One group was control and other three groups were fed with iron oxide nanoparticles at 20, 50 and 150 µg/kg concentrations respectively for 15 days. Venous blood was taken to measure liver enzymes at the end of treatment. Liver of rats removed for histological experiments. Results: Significantly enhanced (P<0.05) AST level obtained as well as ALT and ALP level with used of maximum concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles (150 µg/kg) as compared to normal group. Conclusion: Based on our result, using high concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles could be caused undesirable effects on liver with damage to hepatocyte and level elevation of liver enzymes.

Supply chain resilience is an increasing area of interest for researchers and companies as its impact on efficiency and effectiveness of supply chains is mirrored on the ability of enterprises to compete in a fiercely competitive marketplace. Today’s supply chains are more exposed to vulnerability due to the increasing probability of demand and supply uncertainty in complex supply chains. Some authors have reported how the risk of supply chain disruption has grown and how great the consequences of that disruption might be. However, literature have mainly focused on characteristics of supply chain to define the level of the risk or of the resilience to external (terrorist attacks, floods, earthquakes, etc.) and internal (failure of actors inside the supply chain) disruption causes. The paper presents a tactical approach to counteract the supply chain disruption issue, leading to operative rules that mitigate the effects of this negative occurrence. The approach relies on establishing novel ordering policies based on an information sharing approach. Orders placed are divided into two streams, transmitting the real demand information to the whole supply chain echelons and the required inventory adjustments in order to keep a stable inventory. A simulation model of a four echelons supply chain is developed to investigate the effect of a disruptive situation. Four ordering policies of information sharing approach are investigated and evaluated in terms of supply chain adaptability. The simulation results showed how the suggested approach can recover supply chain normal performance by reducing effects on inventories and increasing service levels of the supply chain.

WSNs are the widely used for the process of sensing and transmitting the data of any environment based on the application and they are mainly employed for the real-time applications. In the real-time applications, the WSNs are advantageous but the efficiency and the system performance are degraded because of the phenomenon termed as congestion. The occurrence of congestion affects the life-time of the nodes resulting in the poor throughput of the network. Thus, in order to enable effective transmission and to enhance the throughput of the network, an efficient congestion control method is required. Accordingly, the literatures present various approaches for the controlling the congestion that occurs in the network and it is very clear that the accuracy of the control mechanism is the outstanding issue at present. Therefore, the need for an effective congestion management system arises that outperforms the current approaches in terms of accuracy, congestion rate, and the packet drop rate. Thus, this review article presents the detailed review of 17 research papers that present the recommendation approaches based on neural networks, fuzzy-logic model, hybrid method, and learning-based models. Additionally, the detailed discussion of the survey taxonomy in terms of the simulation tools and performance metrics are clearly reviewed and analyzed. The research issues of various conventional methods are presented in the literature section along with the description of the methods that promote the researchers towards a better contribution of the congestion control mechanism.

Defective apoptosis (programmed cell death) represents a major causative factor in the development and progression of cancer. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) has the perplexing capacity to either increase or decrease the apoptotic threshold. These apparently paradoxical effects now are known to be due to GSK-3 which oppositely regulating the two major apoptotic signaling pathways. GSK-3 promotes cell death caused by the mitochondrial intrinsic apoptotic pathway, but inhibits the death receptor-mediated extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. Consequently, inhibitors of GSK-3 provide protection from intrinsic apoptosis signaling but potentiate extrinsic apoptosis signaling. So, ability of GSK-3 to oppositely influence two types of apoptotic signaling have thrown a light on important regulatory mechanisms in apoptosis and henceforth designing the rational use of GSK-3 inhibitors for therapeutic interventions in cancer.

Phishing is considered a form of web threats that is defined as the art of mimicking a website of an honest enterprise aiming to obtain user’s confidential credentials such as usernames, passwords and social security numbers. Social engineering and technical tricks are commonly combined together in order to start a phishing attack. The phishing attack starts by uploading the post on social network site which contain fraud URL that seems authentic to potential victims advising them to meet site and update or validate their information by following a URL link. The fraud user posts their comment on social network service that contains URL which are malicious. These malicious URL some time it contains malware or virus. When user clicks on these fraud URL Then viruses enter into user system and system gets affected. The proposed system Extraction of feature set for detecting fraud URL using ANN in social networking services effectively detect fraud URL with high accuracy.

An Integration of video pre-processing and the improvement of frames plays a significant role in the field of image processing. Image segmentation is one of the most important in image analysis. This paper presents a Watershed based image segmentation technique with k-means bunch method and some enhancement design method for improvement of overall performance. Though the HSV color area was found to convey higher results compared to the RGB color area, in our experiments the RGB and HSV color areas were found to convey virtually equivalent results. Eventually, it had been set to use the HSV color area as a result of it gave higher results than the RGB color area just in case of “difficult Queries”. K-MEAN primarily based bunch rule has been projected and also the iterations taken was abundant less than that of K-MEAN and ANN based schemes. Moreover, K-MEAN based mostly schemes might discover all the peaks and hence, the categories accurately. The impact of the configuration, migration policy, rate of migration, and kind of migration on the speed convergence has been studied and it had been discovered that the migration policy and rate of migration greatly influence the convergence rate

The use of medicinal herbs to treat disease is almost universal among non industrialized societies and is often more affordable than purchasing expensive modern pharmaceuticals. Most of the countries all over the world still rely on traditional medicines for their primary health care’s with the knowledge passed by the ancients. The current study is aimed to make aware about the presence of certain bioactive compounds in plants which attribute them medicinal values & can provide alternative pathway for the replacement of synthetic drugs. With the help of literature reviews mentioning the importance of medicinal plants in socio-cultural, spiritual and health care of rural peoples of the world, a well known medicinal herb-Tridax Procumbens L. commonly known as tridax daisy is studied with the analysis of phytochemicals like alkaloids, tannins, steroids, flavanols, diterpenes, coumarins, anthocynins, amino acids, syringic acid, phenol, saponin, polysaccharides, pectins, hemicellulse etc - biologically active chemical compounds having disease preventative or protective properties and their general health effects.

Prolonging lifetime of WSN is a critical issues today. For overcoming this issue a good WSN design needed to be energy efficient. Routing is one of the reasons for reducing the lifetime of WSN. By using energy aware routing algorithm we can maximize the life of the network. In this paper we have used load balancing ACO algorithm with TARF to overcome energy problem in WSN. This algorithm help in providing shortest path reduce energy and time consumption and provide security against attacks.

Cloud computing is ready to transform the structure of businesses. There will be abundance of service suppliers, as well as international players like Google, and Amazon who can roll out their Indian plans. With the concept of ‘Digital India’, it will provide an important push to enterprises to switch to the cloud computing. For India, it is an immediate helpful impact for small to medium sized businesses (SMBs) across the country. This paper explains regarding the opportunities and future of cloud computing in India and the way businesses will get changed with developed infrastructure and how get benefited from it.

A study was carried out to evaluate the plant architecture of 27 local cassava cultivars (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in the Bengamisa region. The aim was to find out which cultivars could be used as monocultures or in crop associations for better weed control. We used a randomized complete block design with 27 treatments (27 cultivars) repeated four times. These parameters were measured: height of first branch, number of branches and petiole length after three months' planting. The results obtained showed that the 27 cultivars gave three groups of cultivars in relation to the height of the first branching and the number of branches (early, medium and late cultivars). They also showed that there are early cultivars that can be used in monoculture for better weed control (Apolina, Adjele and Atua); medium cultivars that can be used for both cropping systems (pure or associated) and late cultivars, better indicated for crop association.

This paper explores the level of coordination and cooperation between the academics and industrialists. The data were collected by using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions with different stakeholders of the Management Faculty. This study reveals a lack of coordination and cooperation among the major stakeholders. A lack of trust between the stakeholders, little commitment or heavy workloads among the academics, limited forum for dialogue and unawareness of mutual expectations of each other lead to weak coordination and cooperation between or among them. This low level of coordination and cooperation among the key stakeholders has resulted in low employ-ability among graduates in Universities.