Civil Engineering

This research focused on determination of buckling stress values of internally pressurized unstiffened imperfect thin cylindrical shell under axial compression. The method of solution was carried out by the use of nonlinear large deflection theory and the effect of initial imperfections in the strain-displacement equations was considered. The Ritz method was used to determine the buckling stress parameter of the shell. Numerical examples were carried out ; it was found that as imperfect ratio increases, the buckling stress values decreases at constant wavelength ratio, deflection parameters, radius of curvature, internal pressure and thickness of the shell. However, with the use of varying values of imperfect ratio, wavelength ratio, deflection parameters and thickness of the shell at constant internal pressure and radius of curvature, the buckling stress values progressively to a maximum point known as the critical value and then depreciate progressively. This nonlinear analysis in the Ritz method and the imperfect ratio is responsible for the behaviour of the cylindrical shell.

Globalisation, urbanisation and construction are unstoppable in nature and so are the risks associated with construction. Construction in 21st century demand timely completion and has pressure on the stakeholders to mitigate the risks during and after the construction project. Survey was conducted globally for the assessment of impact of construction documents and records on project management. 103 responses were recorded from Qatar, U.A.E., U.S., Kenya and many cities of India. It can be briefed that documentation and record keeping should be an integrated part of the respective firm in order to avoid time overrun, and cost overrun. Efficient recordkeeping and documentation help for management of risk related to process, legal, material, quality and at same time are supportive for better decision making leading sustainability in project management.

Foundation is the first element of any structure that encounters seismic forces. The various types of seismic waves, reaches and affects the foundations first and then the superstructure. Instead, this is the underprivileged component of the structure, when it comes to seismic forces consideration, compared with super structure. Different types of foundations respond differently to seismic forces. The type of soil, its characteristics, and bearing capacity, affects the design and capacity of foundations severely. Average response acceleration coefficient, as specified in IS 1893-2002 (Part 1), which takes into account the type of soil, also plays a vital role in determining the seismic forces on structure.Therefore, in this research work, RCC structure will be analyzed for the seismic behavior for different types of foundations. Various types of foundations like isolated footings, raft foundations, combined footings, pile foundations, etc. will be analyzed. Seismic analysis will be done in STAAD Pro to compare values of nodal displacement, drift, story and base shear, moment development and fundamental time period. Comments will be made considering safety, stability and economical aspects of the structure.

The present project describes the Comparative Analysis of Steel and RC Shear Wall. This work focus of static analysis is carried out for steel moment resisting building frame having (G+4) storey situated in zone IV stiffened without shear wall, with Steel Shear Wall and with RC shear wall. The scope of present work is to understand that the structures need to have suitable Earthquake resisting features to safely resist large lateral forces that are imposed on them during Earthquake. The analysis of steel plate shear wall and RC plate shear wall building are carried out using Software STAAD PRO V8i. . The main parameters consider in this project to compare the seismic performance of buildings are Nodal displacement Value, Drift Value, Moment and shear force value, Reactions and story shear Value. The models are analyze by equivalent static analysis as per IS 1893:2002. On the basis of Analysis and Observation Shear Wall is played a Vitol Role the displacement value at the intermediate Nodal Location are more. In the structure with RC shear wall Drift value is comparatively less the moment and Shear Force in the column for the structure with shear wall is more as compared to structure without shear wall. Moments and Shear force are more for Steel Shear wall Structure as that of RC shear wall structure. As the seismic forces are depend upon the Total weight of structure and provision of shear wall is increased. The total weights of structure thus, the reaction are more for structure with RC shear wall followed by steel shear wall. Storey shear value are less for Structure with RC shear wall as compared to steel shear wall and structure without shear wall.

Road runoff water harvesting is a process in which the water flowing in the road side drains along the hills or plains can be transported and stored in a reservoir and can be used subsequently for agricultural or domestic use. Road runoff harvesting can solve water shortage problems of various hamlets and villages located adjacent to hills and Highways with side drains. This paper focuses on introduction of this system in India and its viability in Indian scenario.

Based on existing experimental data for compressive strength values of different concrete mixes in statistical analysis for the data gathered was conducted. The analysis revealed a model for predicting the compressive strength of concrete mixes at any age with the help of two constants X and Y that are a characteristic property of a concrete mix. The constant X is introduced as age of concrete, whereas, Y is introduced as compressive strength of concrete constant. One of the values of constants X and Y are defined for a concrete mix, the compressive strength at any age could simply be predicted without collecting data at that age. Performing trail concrete mixes (1:2:4 and 1:3:6), is the method used to define the two constant and simple linear regression was used to model the results. The simple linear regression model for mix ratio 1:2:4 and 1:3:6 (Y = 10.75327 + 0.26667X and Y = 8.8605 + 0.022714X) yielded values for the prediction of the compressive strength at different ages (7. 14. 21 and 28days). The mean compressive strength for the two mix ratios are 13.2N/mm2, 14.7N/mm2, 15.03N/mm2, 19.07N/mm2, and 10.8N/mm2, 12.27N/mm2, 12.07N/mm2, 16.20N/mm2, respectively. While the results for each age of concrete using regression model for the two mix ratios are 12.62N/mm2, 14.49N/mm2, 16.35 N/mm2, 18.22N/mm2 and 10.46N/mm2, 12.04N/mm2, 13.563N/mm2, 15.22N/mm2. From the above data, it was observed that there is a slight difference between experimental and analysed results i.e. the analysed results are slightly above or below the experimental results. 

The exact estimation of configuration activities on the structure is imperative in basic plan as it altogether influences the last outline and targets. Any mistake in the estimation of configuration activities may prompt to wrong after effects of auxiliary investigation on the structure and prompt to the unlikely measuring of its basic individuals or even crumple of the structure. Accordingly it is vital to represent the most antagonistic impacts of live loads on the structure. The thought of example stacking relies on upon the proportion of dead to live load and the sort of basic part. Nowadays the greater parts of the architects are not considering the distinctive live load examples to get the unfriendly impact of the structure. Considering the live load to all the section boards may not fitting to gauge the plan parameters. In this unique situation, an endeavour is required to see the impact of example live load on the structure under seismic burdens. The impact of example load might be not quite the same as uncovered edge structure and furthermore infill structures. For the present work a customary symmetrical building will be picked and the structure is stacked with various examples live stacking is dissected by utilizing reaction range technique for seismic load case with and without infill walls. A limited component programming ETABS will be utilized for the examination of structures. The conduct of the structure will be examined as far as base shear, story shear, storey floats, day and age and furthermore twisting minutes and shear drives in identified sections.

Using galerkin’s method of finite element for predicting oxygen deficit in rivers is of great importance to water resources engineers. This is because of the trending discharge of untreated effluents in our water bodies which incidentally depreciates the dissolved oxygen needed by both man and aquatic organisms. As a numerical technique, it provides approximate solutions to physical problems with differential equations like the Streeter Phelps equation. In predicting the oxygen deficit along Nworie River in Imo State of Nigeria, a reconnaissance survey of the study area was conducted after which data were collected for physicochemical analysis of water samples; were determined using Galerkins weighted residual method. The study area was along Nworie river at three different locations namely: Amakohia head bridge; Assumpta-Holy Ghost college road; and Umezurike Hospital road. The result of the flow area after analysis gave 2.00, 5.28 and 5.32 m2 respectively. The velocities of flow of the three locations as well gave 0.467, 0.417 and 0.411 m/s respectively. The average discharge of the river gave 1.362 cubic metre per second. Furthermore, the concentration of dissolved oxygen from the laboratory experimental results were used to compute the oxygen deficit at the discharge point using dissolved – oxygen model (Streeter Phelps equation) by applying Galerkin’s weighted residual method approach. The oxygen deficit results at the five discretized nodes at location 1 (Amakohia head bridge) were: 5.728 mg/l at first node, 5.543 mg/l at the 2nd node, 5.356 mg/l at the 3rd node, 5.164 at the 4th node and 4.969 mg/l at the end node. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the measure of good fit using least square method denoted as ‘r’ value of 0.982 was computed during analysis. This showed that estimated dissolved oxygen using Galerkin’s weighted residual (GWR) method result is strong, positively correlated to the measured values of dissolved oxygen. The results in this research are invaluable for water resources and irrigation Engineers in predicting the effect of water pollution on the downstream users.

Hydraulic jump type energy dissipaters are widely accepted methods of energy dissipation while designing the hydraulic structures like dams, weirs and barrages. They are popular for their simplicity and efficiency, but have certain limitations when there is variation in discharge conditions. The energy dissipaters satisfactorily function at design discharge condition. But in case of varying discharge conditions they are not efficient as the location of hydraulic jump tends to shift on apron. This would result in percentage reduction in energy dissipation and in turn damage hydraulic structures and adversely affect tail channel conditions. Therefore it is necessary to address the issue of controlling the location of hydraulic jump and evolve a new technique for the same. This paper discusses the design of hydraulic jump type stilling basin for the overflow weir of canal escape at Warana dam (India). It also throws light on the aspect of jump location and percentage energy dissipation. A physical model study is carried out by applying Froude’s model law.

This study is aimed to observe the effect of mix proportion of Sylhet and locally available river sand on the compressive strengths of concrete. A series of laboratory tests is carried out for six different mix proportions 5:0, 4:1, 3:2, 2:3, 1:4 and 0:5 of Sylhet sand and local river sand. For all of the mix ratios, compressive strengths are determined at 28 days. The compressive strengths increase by designing the appropriate gradation of sand mix, which is determined by fineness modulus of both types of sand and their mixes. The results indicate that the best of the corresponding six mix proportions of Sylhet and local sand is 3:2.