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In this paper, we consider the stability of the An Alternating Direction Explicit Scheme for solving two-dimensional Sine-Gordon Equation .The derivation of the An Alternating Direction implicit Scheme schemes was presented. The stability and consistency of the scheme are described . The scheme is found to be unconditionally stable and convergent.

The effect of pre-drying treatments on the proximate and phytochemical quality of oven-dried mushroom was evaluated using conventionally accepted methods. The pre-treatments used were dipping in 10% citric acid solution, dipping in 10% ascorbic acid solution and a control. The pre-treatments resulted in significant differences in pH, protein, vitamin C, some trace elements and phytochemicals present. Control sample had a protein content of 7.4%, while a range of 19.4% and 14.3% was recorded for samples pre-treated with citric acid and ascorbic acid respectively. The total phenolic content was in the range of 6.39 – 32.26 mg GAE/g of dry weight. Thus the use of these pre-treatments can be used to effect changes in some proximate and phytochemical components of oyster mushroom powder. Keywords: mushroom, oven-drying, blanching, citric acid, ascorbic acid

The study made here signifies the user patterns of mobile phones and internet usage among the universities in India. For the above mentioned purpose a questionnaire was made comprising a set of related questions which was used for data collection from the selected sampling. The method of data collection and sampling was snowball sampling as the data was collected via internet website and mouth to mouth publicity. The sample consisted of 269 respondents. The conclusion obtained from the analysis state that the college students in India are highly addicted to the use of mobile phones and internet and excessively use the above technological services. Their life now highly depends on phone and internet. Airtel turned up as the favourite service provider while Google Chrome came out as the most famous browser. Many more such results have been retrieved from the following analysis.

- A cloud consists of several elements such as clients, cloudlets, datacenter, distributed servers etc. While Cloud computing is a term, which involves virtualization, distributed computing, networking and software and web services. Centrally, the issue is to establish an effective load balancing in cloud. There are two types of load balancing algorithms available one is Static and other is Dynamic. In this paper we have studied three different Static load balancing algorithms i.e. Round Robin, Throttled, and Optimal. To compare each algorithm we have prepared a set-up and implemented each algorithm. Finally, an analysis has been done about the three implemented algorithms to find the best algorithm in terms of overall response time of cloudlet and Datacenter Processing time of cloudlet.

Report demonstrates pulse laser dependence CdS thin films thickness variation and properties. Variable thickness properties like; surface morphology, cross sectional view, EDS with elemental mapping, AFM surface roughness parameter, Raman spectrum, photoluminescence, UV-Visible range FT-IR, I-V and R-V characteristics is discussed. It has been noticed with increasing laser pulses thickness, structure, surface morphology, Raman spectra, FT-IR band, I-V and R-V characteristics are changed. With the increasing number of laser pulses, the increase in surface roughness parameter, shift in FT-IR band tail toward the lower wave number side and higher current growth with lower resistance is observed for the thicker films.

Here, a equilateral triangular shaped circular feed network is designed. This circular feed network can radiate in eight different directions. This radiation is depending on four inputs ports which are excited. It can cover wide area within upper hemisphere. This antenna is designed in such a way that it is useful for any applicable GHz ISM band frequency and utilizes a suspended FR4 substrate. For this antenna we used positive microstrip elements, so that it will make easy to manufacture.

Today, the consumption of Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) is rapidly increasing in India owing to the rapid growth in Infrastructural and Real Estate sectors. Supplying concrete with desired quality consistently has become a great challenge for the RMC suppliers. Hence, the evaluation as well as monitoring the quality of RMC production is critical. this paper is an attempt to a apply the Six Sigma DMAIC approach to a RMC Plant in Chakhan, Pune. The sigma level of the existing plant has been evaluated. Also the production is Statistically analyzed using various tools such as X bar chart and R charts and the process capability index has also been reported.

The indoor air pollution especially in rural communities of Bundelkhand region in central India is suffered from indoor kitchen air-born diseases due to large scale using principal biomass fuels such as wood (W), crop residues (C.R.), cow dung cakes (D.C.) and also fossil fuels of low grade coal. All these fuels are producing as a smoke emission in various forms with hazardous composition contain harmful pollutants which adversely affect on human health. The indoor particulate and gaseous pollutants in mean level range from TSPM; 383.2-468.5 µg/m3 , SOx, 12.7-25.4 µg/m3 NOx; 34.1-44.5 µg/m3 and other certain toxic elements emission as trace amounts associated with health problems depends upon the magnitude and types of biomass combustion from the open chulas in kitchens with close non ventilated environments. A number of health risk related problems are created such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), silica-born tuberculosis(TB), asthma, pneumoconiosis, pharynx and laryns ( forms of neoplasm), eye-disorders, depress cellular and humorial immunities etc; mainly based on survey ,HVS monitoring with some pathological data from the investigated areas. This paper is emphasized and attempt should be needed to adopt integrated approaches in domestic pollution free energy use involving fuel diversity resulted keeping in views relating to up-grading socio-economic and reduce health risk aspects with new techniques adaptation where feasible and highly effective in below poverty limit (BPL) of the rural communities for the maintaining conceptual sustainable development supporting the solution of the energy problems in Bundelkhand region.

Improperly designed cause undesirable effects below unstable loading in each bolstered concrete(RC) frames and masonry load wall structures. Doors and windows (openings) are inescapable parts in brick masonry in-filled RC structures and masonry load wall structures owing to its practical and ventilation necessities.The presence of openings in brick masonry walls reduces the lateral stiffness and strength of the enclose each RC and cargo bearing structures, that changes the particular behavior of structure.If these openings ar settled within the restricted zones like areas inside middle 2 thirds of a wall, then the wall has to be strong by providing necessary horizontal (bands) structural components like header or header bands around them. Lack of such structural components could cause the structure to endure severe injury throughout the earthquake event.In this paper, two case studies, (a) seismic analysis of RC framed building without provision of bands (b) seismic analysis of RC framed building with provision of bands at different level

Cognitive Radio (CR) is an imaginative innovation that goes for huge upgrades in productivity of range utilization. CR will change the way the radio range is managed, additionally requires new empowering technique s, for example, enhanced range detecting and element range task. Cognitive radio (CR) systems are shrewd systems that can naturally sense the earth and adjust the correspondence parameters in like manner. These sort of systems have applications in element range get to, conjunction of different remote systems, obstruction administration. They are touted to drive the up and coming era of gadgets and applications. Noticeably, the subjective radio system worldview postures numerous new specialized difficulties in convention outlines, control effectiveness, range administration, range recognition, environment awareness, new circulated calculation point, conveyed range estimations, Quality of administrations certifications, and security. Conquering these issues turns out to be considerably all the more difficult because of non-uniform range and other radio asset designation plans, monetary contemplations, the inborn transmission debilitations of remote connections, and client portability. Psychological radio is a rising innovation that empowers the adaptable improvement and arrangement of profoundly versatile radios that are based upon programming characterized radio innovation. Psychological radio has been considered as a key innovation for future remote interchanges and portable figuring. We see that the subjective radios can shape Cognitive radio systems (CRN) by extending the radio connection elements to network layer capacities or more.

The aim of the research work is to isolate biopolymer and to evaluate its emulsifiability by formulating o/w type of emulsion. The biopolymer was isolated from the fruit pulp of Prunus insititia by collecting and treating with water. The aqueous extract was further treated with 3 vol. of dimethyl ketone and kept aside in refrigeration for 6 hours. The biopolymer was collected by centrifugation and dried and subjected for physicochemical properties like solubility, pH, color, viscosity. Seven different o/w types of emulsions were prepared by using Liquid paraffin oil and biopolymer as an emulsifier in various concentrations ranging from 50mg to 1 gm. The formulated emulsions were subjected for various evaluation parameters like globule size, pH, the effect of freezing and thawing cycle, effect of centrifugation. The results were compared with the standard emulsion which was prepared by using acacia as an emulsifier.The emulsions were not showing any significant stability due to increase in the globule size. The final conclusion was drawn that the biopolymer in lower concentration showed its potential emulsifying property in the formulation FE1 and FE2 containing 50 and 100mg along with uniform globule size ranging from 12 to 30 µm and stable for 3 freezing and thawing cycle. These emulsions are very significantly stable in comparison with standard emulsion.

Data worldwide is growing 40 percent per year, a rate of growth that is daunting for any organization. Big Data Analytics is becoming an increasingly important part of every aspect, batch processing system like Hadoop had evolved for excellent offline data processing platform for Big Data. There are many use cases across various domains which require real-time / near real-time response on Big Data for faster decision making. This paper describes beyond batch processing system towards Real-Time and Streaming.

Today the term big data draws a lot of attention. Big data is the new technology that enables an organization to take advantage of the natural resource of big data. Organizations store up huge amounts of information, they can mine those databases to discover subtle patterns, correlations, or relationships that human brains can’t perceive on their own because the scales involved are beyond our ability to process. Big data is a hot topic in the market today and attracted a lot of attention from retail, automotive, and manufacturing industry, government as well as academia. This paper introduces several enhancements in big data over data mining and relational database. Finally, I discuss the urgency of big data processing in cloud computing environments.

In this paper, quasi T-flat, the xi T- flat, and phi T-flat trans-Sasakian manifolds are studied. It is proved that quasi T-flat, the xi T- flat, and phi T-flat trans-Sasakian manifolds are Einstein under the condition

Development of eco-friendly systems and energy efficient systems has been a great concern for sustainable development. In the present research paper, we are using a two-stage evaporative cooler (TSEC) consisting of two evaporative cooling chambers. The temperature drop through TSIEC can be achieved to be about 100K or below by applying the combined concept of bootstrap air refrigeration cycle and evaporative air refrigeration cycle. In this system we are using indirect evaporative cooling of compressed air in two stages of compression followed by cooling to attain very low temperature which can be used for scientific researches and cryogenics.

This research was carried out to study of variation of composite flour prepared from underutilized staple food (Foxtail Millet, Naked Barley) and Legumes (Beans). Sensory, nutritional and physical properties of these products were analyzed. These variations were compared with composite flour prepared from commercially available cereal(wheat, maize) and legumes(Beans). Four formulations were prepared using foxtail millet, naked barley and legumes. The proportion of staple food and legumes were chosen in such a way that the resulting formulations contained crude protein not less than 14%. The formulations were coded as control A (wheat, maize and soybean in the ratio of 7:7:6), B1 (Foxtail Millet and Beans in the ratio of 3:2), B2 (Naked barley and beans in the ratio of 3:2), B3(Foxtail Millet and Bean in the ratio of 1:1), B4(Naked Barley and Bean in the ratio of 1:1). Crude protein in formulations ranged from 15.13±0.75 to 15.87±0.67, crude fat from 2.63±0.14 to 4.41±0.11, total ash from 2.49±0.06 to 3.36±0.36, carbohydrate from 70.71±0.45 to 73.2±0.75 and energy per 100gm from 369.99±0.78 to 386±0.65. Formulations B2 had highest Water Holding Capacity (1.77±50), Water Solubility of B1 was highest 12.86±0.24. Bulk Density of all the formulations including control A ranged from 0.49±0.07 to 0.53±0.067. Sensory evaluation of the formulations also scored high as compared with the control in taste, aroma and consistency.

This research examines the impact involving macroeconomic variables like inflation, real exchange rate and interest rate on GDP of Pakistan within the light involving 32 year time series data from 1980 to 2011. Research was a secondary data based, Descriptive statistics and multiple regression investigation was used to analyze the information. Econometric model used by analysis was comprised of GDP seeing that dependent variable even though the independent factors were interest rate, exchange rate and inflation rate. Data taken from intending for these variables through the website of the State Bank of Pakistan in addition to the World Bank. The individual significance of the variables, overall value and fairness of the econometric model analyzed. The study found that there's a significant effect of inflation rate, interest rate and exchange rate of GDP. So far as the indicators of co-efficient are concerned, the inflation rate interest rate had a negative impact on GDP while exchange rate possessed positive relation to GDP. Based on the results and analysis it is suggested that the Government adopted tight monetary policy due to inflation because the results suggest that inflation provides significant effect but negative relation to GDP. In the case of developing countries like the Pakistan quality value of the exchange rate must be maintained since the results show that there's a considerable and constructive impact involving exchange rate with GDP. Ceiling of interest rate should reduce to boost the economy.

One of the key issues in management today is the lack of Job Involvement in employees. This lack ultimately leads to lack of Performance in employees. The study was conducted to see the impact of Job Involvement on the Job Performance and the difference between the females and males with respect to Job Performance. The data was collected using questionnaires. The respondents were mainly from the Banking sector of Pakistan. The results show that there is a positive correlation (r=0.705, p<0.01) between Job Involvement and Job Performance. Moreover, the results for group statistics show there is no significant difference between performance of males and females (µm=48.6744, µf=47.2432) at confidence Levels of almost 35%. The reasons for such results are then discussed.

The wide application of organotin compounds have caused considerable amounts of these compounds to enter the different ecosystems. Organotins have been of environmental concerns due to their direct introduction into the environment, bioaccumulation, and toxicities even to non-target organisms both aquatic and terrestrial. They are notable sources of pollution and may be of ecotoxicological effects on the various ecosystems. It is not only the particular organisms that may be affected but the whole ecosystems. They are very persistent and bioavailable to biota even after a long time. The persistence of organotins in polluted ecosystem is a function of adsorption and degradation processes. Hence, this review which aim at providing an overview of the environmental persistence of organotin compounds.

Organotin compounds have attracted global attention due to their extensive use for agricultural, industrial, medicinal, and domestic applications. These applications have made them enter the environment. This has caused environmental concerns due to the proven toxicological relevance of the compounds. Their toxic effects result in extensive damage to non-target organisms at ultratrace concentration levels (ppt) and accumulation in sediments and biota. This leads to the legislative restriction place on the uses of some of these compounds. Despite the legislative restriction, their environmental pollutions continue. Hence, this review which is aimed at providing an overview of the application of organotin compounds and their environmental toxicities.

Schiff bases (E)-4-chloro-2-((phenylimino)methyl)phenol, (E)-4-chloro-2-(((2-methoxyphenyl)imino)methyl)phenol, (E)-4-chloro-2-(((4-chlorophenyl)imino)methyl)phenol, (E)-4-chloro-2-(((5-chloro-2-methylphenyl)imino)methyl)phenol were synthesized from 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde and substituted aniline. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, 1H, and 13C NMR. The antibacterial studies revealed that the compounds exhibit broad spectrum antibacterial activity against Escheriochia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium. The antibacterial activities was affected by the substituent on the aniline part.

The purpose of this study was to examine Biology students’ weaknesses as far as graph work is concerned. The target population was SHS 3 students offering biology as an elective science subject in Senior High Schools in the Cape Coast Metropolis during the 2009/2010 academic year. However, the accessible population was elective biology students from six schools in the Cape Coast Metropolis. At each school an intact class was randomly selected and used. In all a sample size of 230 students was used. The study revealed that elective biology students have difficulty with providing headings, an appropriate scale, and labeling the axes of graphs.

The study on the effect of different weed management techniques on some chemical properties of soil was carried out on the university teaching and research farm in Girei Local Government Area of Adamawa State. This project was aimed at determining whether there will be a difference between soil chemical properties in areas treated with herbicide and those without herbicide treatment in the study area. The soil was examined in the field during the survey period after which eight profile pits were dug. Four of the pits were treated with herbicide, while four was not treated with herbicide. The soil samples were taken to the laboratory for analysis. The pH of the soil was found to range from moderately acidic to moderate alkaline with a mean pH values of 6.52 and 6.64 in herbicide and non herbicide use respectively. The electrical conductivity was found to be very low with mean values of herbicide and non-herbicides use of 0.02 and 0.25 respectively. Organic carbon of the soil was found to be moderate. And only organic compound was found to correlation with a significant difference. The exchangeable cations were generally found to be low and the total nitrogen was also found to be low. Generally, soils with chemical weed management practices were found to differ from those managed without chemicals. The major limitation of this project is that, other factor which may cause changes in the soul chemical properties were not considered in this study. I will recommend that further research be done to eliminate all other factors that can cause a change in soil chemical properties in other to determine more accurately the effect of herbicide on soils.

Composite flours were prepared by blending acha and Bambara flours in ratios 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40. Functional, pasting and chemical properties of the blends were evaluated. Cold extruded spaghetti samples were produced from the composite flours and 100% wheat flour as control. Proximate composition, mineral content, anti-nutritional, colour, cooking qualities and sensory acceptability of the spaghetti samples were determined. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in water absorption and oil absorption capacities between the control and the experimental samples. Loose and packed bulk densities, dispersability, water absorption and oil absorption capacities of the composite flours were as follows: 0.59 to 0.66 g/ml, 0.91 to 0.95 g/ml, 79 to 80 g/ml, 2.14 to 2.26 g/ml and 2.15 to 2.18 g/ml compared with wheat flour 0.48 g/ml, 0.77 g/ml, 75 g/ml, 2.26 g/ml and 2.46 g/ml, respectively. Swelling power of composite flour at 90 and 100oC were essentially the same, while slight differences occurred at 60, 70 and 80oC. Moisture, ash, fat, crude fiber, protein and carbohydrate contents of the blends were 12.58 to 12.91%, 1.00 to 2.50%, 2.30 to 2.40%, 0.25 to 1.00%, 12.58 to 14.63% and 67.09 to 71.20% compared with wheat flour 13.17%, 1.5%, 2.25%, 1.32%, 10.21% and 71.56%, respectively. Phytate, tannin and trypsin inhibitor contents of the extruded products were significantly reduced. The Ca and Zn of the composite spaghetti were higher than that of wheat spaghetti. Significant differences were observed in the colour of experimental spaghetti samples. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the cooked weight of composite spaghetti and wheat spaghetti. The overall acceptability of the experimental samples was about 60% of the control spaghetti.

This study was carried out to determine the in-vitro anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic and phytochemical constituents of the methanolic leaves extract of Citrullus colocynthis. The results of this study show that Citrullus colocynthish has strong antioxidant potentials against various radicals. The extract concentration-dependently scavenges DPPH radicals with IC50 of 357.14µg/ml compared to 16.32µg/ml of standard gallic acid, scavenge nitric oxide radicals with IC50 of 234µg/ml compared to 20.5µg/ml of standard ascorbic acid and has 20% activity of standard ascorbic acid ferric reducing power. The extract also inhibited induction of lipid peroxidation and ?-Amylase activity in a concentration-dependent manner in cell free assays with highest concentration of the extract inhibiting lipid peroxidation and ?-Amylase activity by 72% at 500µg/ml and 91% at 250µg/ml respectively. The phytochemical constituents of the extract were determined, qualitative assays employed revealed the presence of various phytochemicals in the extract and the amount of total phenolics, flavonoids and flavonol were found to be 58.76mg GAE/g, 2.01mg RE/g and 0.13mg RE/g respectively. Gas-chromatography analysis of the extract revealed the possible presence of albumin, ascorbic acid, beta carotene, vicilins, tocotrienols, lutin, 2-tetradcyclobutane, 2-dodecyclobutane. The presence of phenolics and various antioxidant compounds in the plants may explain the strong pharmacological potentials of the plant.

Indoor cellular network signal outages and poor reception occur in some indoor locations, as a result of building penetration loss; which accounts for increased attenuation of received signal strength of a cellular network signal when a mobile is moved from outdoor to indoor. Penetration loss is influenced by the type of building materials used in building construction and the building structure/orientation. In this study, the effect of building materials and structures on cellular network signal strength was investigated. A Sony Ericson mobile unit with TEMS software installed in it was used to collect data from two major cellular network service providers in Nigeria. The measurements were carried out outside and inside of four different of buildings types, namely; tiled building with concrete tiled roof, concrete building with corrugated galvanized roof, mud building with rusted corrugated roof and wooden building with rusted corrugated roof in order to ascertain the penetration loss in the selected buildings in Otuoke community of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The results reviewed that the average penetration loss for the tilled, concrete, mud and the wooden buildings are 13.0 dBm, 10.8 dBm, 9.57 dBm and 8.72 dBm respectively. It was observed that the tiled building with concrete tiled roof has the highest penetration loss in all the months considered, followed by the concrete wall building with corrugated galvanized iron roof, while the wooden wall building with rusted corrugated roof was having the lowest penetration loss. Information from this research will assist cellular network service providers in planning and management of their cellular networks signals in suburban environments having similar building types and pattern. This study will also be helpful to researchers and builders in their selection of building materials especially if good cellular network signal reception is significant.

Blends of cassava flour and partially defatted soybean meal were processed in a single-screw extruder. Experimental design with feed moisture (16, 20, 24 g water/100g flour), amount of soybean (10–30 g soybean/100g flour) and barrel temperature (120, 145, 170 oC) as independent variables leading to 17 combinations that were studied using Box-Behnken Design of response surface methodology to investigate the effect of these input variables on extruder system parameters, namely: product temperature, residence time, machine throughput and specific mechanical energy. The recorded values for all responses varied from 121 to 175 oC, 42.34 to 65.11 seconds, 3.65 to 4.56 kg/hr and 159.01 to 213.63kJ/kg, respectively. Second-order polynomials were used to model the extruder responses as a function of process variables. All three variables affected responses significantly especially their linear terms (p<0.05) and all the fitted models were significant (p<0.05) and correlated well with experimental data (R2 ? 0.934).

The stages of gonad maturity, reproductive aspect, length-weight relationship, and condition factor of labeo senegalensis from the White Volta at Yapei, Northern Region of Ghana were investigated during the dry season of 2013. One hundred and fifty (150) specimens caught by gill nets were examined. Out of the 150 specimen, Eighty- nine were females and sixty- one were males. The sex ratio of males to females was thus 1:1.5. Eleven (11) out of the eighty –nine (89) females of thelabeo senegalensis were found to contain gonads. The stages of gonad maturity ranged from stage I (Immature stage) to stage IV (Maturity stage). The total eggs found in the eleven female labeo senegalensis was 2,385 with a mean value of 217 eggs per gravid female. The gonado- somatic index (GSI) ranged from 1.29 to 3.28 with a mean and standard deviation of 2.0 and ± 0.57 respectively. The total length of labeo senegalensis ranged from 9.5 cm- 24.6 cm with a mean and standard deviation of 16.0 cm and ± 2.86 cm respectively. The standard length ranged from 6.2 cm - 20.7 cm with a mean and standard deviation of 13.0 cm and ± 2.27 cm respectively. The body weight of labeo senegalensis ranged from 20 grams - 212 grams with a mean and standard deviation of 121.34 grams and ± 93.89 grams respectively. The LWR of species was highly significant (P<0.001) with determination coefficients (r2) of 0.907. The fitted length –weight relationship of the labeo senegalensis was W = 0.180 x TL 2.66. The slope b of labeo senegalensis length- weight power regression (both male and females) which was 2.6 indicated a negative allometric growth pattern (b<3) of the species. The Condition factor (K) ranged from0.93 to 2.90 and with a mean and a standard deviation of 1.926 and ± 0.61 respectively. The general wellbeing of the labeo senegalensiswas suitable during the study period.

The purpose of this paper is to assess the internal auditing practices on the financial performance of Tehran Stock Exchangelisted companies and to consider the effect of a contextual factor-Political influence on this relationship. While much empirical works have given diverse reasons for the poor financial performance of TSEs, research evidence of the impact of internal auditing practices on the financial performance of TSEs in the Iran context is scanty.The study found no strong associationbetween internal auditing practices and financial performanceof TSEs and those political influences do not significantlyimpact this relationship. The weak association betweeninternal auditing practice sand financial performances isattributed to these enterprises’ inadequacy and poorimplementation of internal auditing practices. Where internalauditing is de-emphasized it cannot impact positivelyonperformance.

Although the Iranian historical people have seen history as a low level hobby and entertainment, they are interested in it. Memories, stories and the history of any generation do worth hearing, and the audible histories ranging from political history to explaining the ordinary and daily life of the people are found a lot in Iranian families. On the other hand, since the education system and its resources especially in the section of Humanities and particularly history are run by the government, it has created a kind of despair from the subjects of the history courses in the middle and secondary sections. The state-running of the section of history education, unwillingness of history teachers in active teaching, the escape of the pupils from the history course and the existence of formal and rigid subjects in history courses of secondary schools are among the main facts concerning the difficulty of history education in Iran. Apart from the defects it has, Formal history has caused a gap of the generations from each other as well as the transfer of real and informal history. Thus, it is necessary to search for the solutions and methods which have brought Iranian families and their children to epicenter of history. This is the solution which can play an important role in the dialogue between the generations and providing the grounds for historical participation of the pupils, and a method which educates the close and tangible history for the pupils and provides a new image from social history, different interpretations from history and a new way for connecting them with the society.

Groundwater resources are essential to maintain a stable water supply to growing cities for the efficient farming region and for domestic purpose. Due to simplicity of the techniques, the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) has proved very popular with groundwater prospecting and engineering investigations. The main objective of the investigation is to delineate the subsurface lithology and to assess the groundwater resources of the study area. It also aims to focus on the identification of fracture zone and its thickness by using VES method. The life of a button bit in bore well drilling depends mainly on hardness of rock. As the hardness varies at different locations, the reliability of the button bit also varies accordingly. In order to arrive at the reliability, the life of the button bit in terms of depth of drilling has to be obtained. This can be converted in terms of time from the known velocity of drilling. It is proposed to arrive at the drill bit reliability from the obtained failure rate.

Nowadays, in addition to human, economic and physical capital, social capital is another name that has been considered in economic and social surveys. Social capital like concepts such as physical and human capital (the tools and trainings that enhance individual productivity), refers to the social organization features such as networks, norms and trust which facilitate the coordination and cooperation to achieve mutual benefit. The purpose of this study is to predict students' social capital based on sociological variables. Therefore, in this study we sought to answer the question, what is the relationship between sociological variables and social capital? Methodology in the present research is surveys and data collection is questionnaire and a sample of 400 young people from rural areas Shiraz city have been studied by using multi-stage sampling method. The findings suggest that there is a significant relationship between variables such as urban areas, use of mass media, social-economic base, gender, marital status with social capital of young people.

Human resources nowadays is one of the key factors in the issues raised from information security. Consequently, there has been a shift in information security from mere concentration on technology to human resources. An effective issue in this field is security culture which is influenced by several factors. The main purpose of the present study is to survey the relationship between knowledge management and security culture in Iran Telecommunication Center. Sample group size was determined using Morgan Jersey’s Table (n = 114). Furthermore, a questionnaire was used for data gathering. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was determined using content validity and Cronbach Alpha respectively. The relationship between security culture and knowledge management was examined by path analysis in AMOS. The results confirmed significant relationship among generation, utilization, and dissemination of knowledge and relationship between security behavior and information security culture.

The traditional medicines (i.e. herbal medicines / Spices) are cost effective & have negligible side effects. There is a need for credible research to investigate the proper use, adverse effects and precautions associated with these products. Hence, the current study was carried out to observe the hepatoprotective effect of Curcuma Longa (C.L) in Nitro-Methane Sulfonamide (N-MS) induced hepatotoxicity. 40 male albino wistar rats were divided into four groups. In group A, normal diet was given for 09 days while in group B, N- MS was given for 09 days followed by CL powder for next 09 days; while CL powder for 09 days followed by N- MS for next 09 days was used in group C. Group D received N-MS in adjunct with C.L powder for 09 days. Blood samples from each group were taken for biochemical analysis of serum levels of ALT, AST, Alkaline Phosphatase and GGT. The results of present study have concluded that the administration of C.L significantly offered protection against damaging effects of N-MS.

Service learning is a method of teaching where students apply their academic skills and knowledge to address real-life needs in their own communities. Service learning is a pedagogical strategy that facilitates a student's growth in academics, social maturity, critical thinking, and communication, collaboration, and leadership skills. This educational opportunity possesses enormous potential to move higher education in the direction of civic involvement by taking the classroom into the community. Student experienced stronger positive effects on critical thinking, degree plans, sense of control over their own academic success, and preference for higher-order cognitive tasks

This paper was taken the loss and risk concepts, the objective of this paper is to estimate the loss and the risk in the Bayes method, as illustrated in the related case Where the prior distribution of the random variable is discrete and continuous, it applied on crop sales data in the continuous case, while it applied by two examples in the discrete case. Then the estimator of the loss function is the mean posterior distribution of the random variable, so it’s the same with median posterior distribution, hence is also the Bayes estimator with respect to a loss function equal to absolute deviation. The Bayes risk is a real value is the average of the loss function, so the smallest estimator who is the best estimator of the Bayes risk.

Cultural resources are pivoted to the development of heritage industry, tourism and economic fortune of a nation. Nigeria has a diverse and rich heritage consisting of natural and cultural sites of universal importance. Economy and cultural imperatives are recognized as the most powerful forces shaping human development. This paper looks at how preserving and promoting cultural heritage is fundamental to the eradication of poverty and usher in peace and harmony and the importance of community participation in implementing such measures. The paper examines federal government policy and the practical challenges of empowering people to harness the economic potentials of their cultural heritage for their material benefits. And there fore recommend the need for the federal , State and Local Government to put in place measures by which youths amongst others are empowered thereby reduction of poverty through the exploitation of our cultural heritage.

This research paper was conducted to examine the prospects and part played by traditional rulers in community development with particular reference to Ikono Local Government Area in Akwa Ibom State. Traditionally, the Ikono people have the paramount ruler who is the head of the traditional rulers in the Local Government, and village heads in the respective villages. The theory used is modernization theory propounded by Max Weber. T the study was carried out in nine (9) towns of Ikono Local Government Area. Based on the analysis of the data collection, the following result emerged, traditional rulers make positive impact in community development programmes in Ikono. There is significant role played by traditional rulers in implementing government policies at grassroots level. Some recommendations were also made to complement the role of traditional rulers in community Development which include; traditional rulership consultative forum and programme management committee should be set up at the local government level. The Local Government Chairman and councilors should be meeting with traditional Rulers during their executive council sessions. Seminars and training programmes like workshop for leaders and development of skills should from time to time be organized to enhance the roles of traditional rulers towards community development.

The desire for political power leads people into politics. Many people come to power in order to influence the formulation and implementation of economic and political ideas which they believe will solve the problems bedeviling their nations. In providing political leadership, use of language is of utmost importance because it facilitates the execution of many political actions. This paper discusses political discourse by examining the inaugural addresses of Presidents J. F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon. Inaugurals usually point towards the policy directions of newly inaugurated leaders. The position of the United States of America as a very strong political and economic power makes the speeches of its president incontrovertibly significant. This paper aims at examining the rhetorical strategies of the two presidents whose ideologies are anything but identical.

Refrigeration is the applied science which deals with reducing the temperature of a confined space and its content to a predetermined level that is below the ambient temperature. The design of a cooling table is presented. The cooling table is an innovative application in refrigeration system design. The table is a multipurpose table for maintaining a low product temperature whilst still being able to carry out other activities on the table like a conventional table. The design covers thecompressor, condenser, evaporator, table frame, table top, cabinet volume and the covers. The prototype design requires a 70W compressor for three participants.

This study was conducted to determine the association between Human Resource Management Practices and employees’ performance in selected banks within Kano metropolitan city. A survey research design was adopted and Random sampling technique was used to collect data for the research. A questionnaire with the total of 28 items was distributed among employees of banks for data collection. To investigate the relationship between the independents variables and dependents variables, Pearson correlation coefficients were used. The result indicated that HRM practices (compensation, Performance Appraisal and training) have positive impact on employees’ performance. 

The aim of the study is to examine it is sometimes necessary to use transformation of variable for treating autocorrelation of regression or time series model. Different there are many methods have been used for this purpose. This paper uses the first difference method and the Cochrane-Orcutt method in autocorrelation of malaria data in Khartoum State, treated in out-patient clinics. The data collected from the Federal Ministry of Health, National Health Information Centre, and annual reports during (2001 – 2015). By calculating the estimates for each method and errors, the paper showed that the method of differences is better in the treatment of auto-correlation, and there are limits of negatives error, because reducing these errors from least square method.

This paper reviews the absorption enhancement of the aqua ammonia systems by various technologies like mechanical treatment, chemical treatment and nanotechnology. By using mechanical enhancement we can reduce size of the absorber by 48.7%, by using chemical treatment the absolute absorption can be increase by 8% than pure water. And the nano- solution is more effective than pure solution. However, the combined treatment with both surfactant and nanoparticles is recommended to improve the absorption performance for practical applications.

This study investigates the effects of malaria drugs on children of different gender under the age of five in Nigeria (Umuahia in Abia State as a case study). It was carried out by applying descriptive statistical methods and Poisson log linear regression model on different malaria drugs. To achieve this, five age groups in months (<12, 12-23, 24-35, 36-47, 48-59) and gender (male and female) were used. Secondary datasets were collected from Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2013 and department of Health and Human Services, Abia State University, Uturu. The result shows that the rate of usage of all malaria drugs considered in this study is similar for all age groups. However more males than females received Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy (ACT). The only significant difference found is between the Amodiaquine and Chloroquine, The study therefore concludes that the effect of malaria drugs is dependent on age and gender. Apart from all the main effects of all the variables being significant, there is also a statistically significant interaction between gender, age and drug, p = 0.00134. The poissson regression result predict that in the last 12months, there is a 4.9% and 6.7% increase in the number of gender and drugs respectively considered yearly with (95% CI. 0.281 to 1.678 and 0.006 to 1.033), and also a statistical significant results, P-value = 0.010 & 0.004 respectively.

The purposes of this research were to study the influence of social media on customer’s perception, case study PTT Public Company Limited (PTT) in order to measure the performance and propose the development approach. The sample were 400 customers living in major provinces around Thailand, aged over 18 years old and used social media in daily basis. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were conducted. For quantitative method, data was collected by simple random sampling through questionnaires. Frequency, percentage and chi-square test were applied as statistical analysis tools. Statistical significance levels were set at .01 and .05. For Qualitative method, both in-depth interview and content analysis of online news about PTT were conducted by descriptive method. The study indicated that PTT's social media had the potential to provide relatively positive information at a moderately high level. This was good for the image and business. (products and services) of PTT both In terms of public relations and clarification. As for the suggestions for improvement included: 1. It was new media that did not cover all users. Therefore, it should be used in conjunction with traditional media. 2. It should be organized collected and integrated to be convenient to use. 3. There should be strategies to present it in a timely manner and be able to create a sense of togetherness. And 4. There should be a good content creation process to increase the positive impact and reduce the negative impact in order to enhance the customers to get good value from PTT.

This paper discusses the benefit of extra-curricular activities in social skills among students in Malaysia. Student’s participation in extra- curricular activities can increase the social skills in terms of self-confidence, building relationship with the others, collaboration, etc. On the other hand, it can develop positive relationship outside the classroom environment and act as a catalyst for social skills. What's more, through additional curricular exercises, the creation of phenomenal human capital from the physical, passionate, otherworldly and scholarly perspective can be produced.

The method of teaching students is very important for the students’ academic achievement and general performance. This study investigated the effects of mastery learning approach on the academic achievement of Senior Secondary two students in Physics. The study was a pre-test, post-test quasi-experimental study on Physics Achievement in Ogidi Education zone of Anambra State, Nigeria. Physics Achievement Test (PAT) was used to collect data and data was analyzed using mean, standard deviation and Z-test. The result obtained revealed that the experimental group achieved significantly (P<0.05) better than the control group. The female students achieved slightly better than their male counterparts but the difference was not significant at P=0.05. Implication of the findings is that mastery learning is seen to enhance learning greatly and recommendation is that mastery learning should be encouraged for use by teachers in place of the lecture method.

The effects of magnetic field on the exciton binding energy and the Phosphorous alloy content in a cylindrical Phosphorous doped GaAs quantum dot are investigated with the geometrical confinement. The various Phosphorous alloy concentration in the (xin = <0.3) quantum dot has been taken into account. All the computations to get the electronic states are performed using variational procedure within the single band effective mass approximation by the magnetic field strength. The effect of strain due to the spontaneous and piezoelectric polarizations is included.

Year-long supplies of fresh food have been made possible by improvements in controlled storage conditions, shipping and importing. A fresh weekly food supply at the local supermarket has eliminated the need for the home preservation and food processing of earlier days. Today, we may choose to preserve and process food for reasons besides availability such as the price of food, quality and nutrition. For these reasons, gardeners who find themselves with a surplus of fresh produce at the end of the season may decide to store and preserve. When conditions are not suitable for storage or immediate marketing of fresh produce, many horticultural crops can be processed using simple technologies. There are some processing methods that can be used by small-scale handlers, including drying, fermenting, canning, freezing, preserving and juicing which are highlighted in this review. Fruits, vegetables and flowers can all be dried and stored for use or sale in the future.

The study examines the various myths and misconception about HIV/AIDS in Wudil local community kano, Nigeria. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and questionnaire administrations were undertaken to gather data for the study. It was discovered that the people of the area believed that sharing food and cloth, among other things, with an infected person as well as insect bite can lead to HIV/AIDS infections. The people required enlightenment on the mode of transmission of the disease, the need for knowing one’s status and the means of protecting oneself from being infected with the disease. It was suggested, among other things, that constant counseling on HIV/AIDS should be accorded to the members of the community.