Mechanical Engineering

The aim of the present work is to study the effect of laser shock peening (LSP) on fatigue life of aluminum alloy (3003-H18) by using different (LSP), single spot, 2-spots with 50% overlap and 3-spots 100% full overlap on the surface to be treated. The effect of laser shock peening (LSP) on the fatigue life were investigated with constant amplitude stress at stress ratio R=-1 at room temperature. The results showed that the fatigue life increment over the life of samples without (LSP) in range (12%) for 1-spot LSP, (18%) for 2-spors LSP and (77%) for 3-spots LSP for aluminum alloy 3003-H18 at 100MPa amplitude stress. Also the results show that the highest fatigue strength was for samples with 3-spots LSP.

In the work present, describes an attempt has been made to study the effect of temperature on plain fatigue behavior of polyester reinforced with woven of fiber glass manufactured as a laminate [0/90]3.Fatigue tests were carried out at constant and variable temperature environment. All fatigue tests were employed at stress ratio R=-1 and under constant fiber volume fraction (VF) of 33%. The results indicated that the tensile and the fatigue strength decreased with increasing temperature up to at 60 ⁰C. The fatigue strength reduction factor (FLRF) at 60 ^oC was (46%) compared to (RT) environment. A nonlinear fatigue damage model was proposed taking into account the effect of temperature sequence and fatigue loading. This model was calibrated against experimental data under different thermal conditions. The final conclusion which derived from this work was the verification of the model results with the experimental ones.

Carbon fibers have been considered as so important reinforcements for aluminum alloys in manufacturing advanced composite materials. Composite materials have been used in automobile, ships aircraft, sports goods and so on. This study discussed the experimental results on tensile strength and modulus of three samples, at different orientations and constant volume fraction of 60% of carbon fibers reinforced aluminum matrix composites at low temperatures. Several experimental tests have been carried out at longitudinal (0°) and transverse (90°) directions of composite specimens using an environmental test chamber with a universal testing machine. Thermo-mechanical tensile loads at strain rate of (0.0015 s-1) were applied to carbon fiber/Aluminum laminates at room temperature (RT=23 0C, zero 0C, -15 0C and -30 0C). The results indicated that low temperatures have a significant effect on mechanical properties i-e tensile and modulus. It was found that the tensile strength for sample S1 reduced as the temperature decrease for both directions while S2 didn’t effect by low temperatures in transverse direction but the strength was reduced at -30 0C by 10% compared to RT in longitudinal direction. It was also observed that for S3, the tensile strength was reduced at -30 0C for both directions. The modulus of the three samples was increased as the temperature reduced. The experimental results also indicated that the strength and modulus for the three samples are higher in longitudinal laminates compared to transverse laminates at low temperatures.

Crack growth characteristics of rubbery materials are an important factor in determining the strength and durability of the materials. The present work studied three stocks composed of Natural Rubber (NR), Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) and Polybutadiene Rubber (BRcis) filled with carbon black N330. Three percentages of (NR/SBR/BRcis) were studied, namely (40/60/0), (40/50/10) and (40/40/20). The intent was to develop the Standard Italian Perilli Recipe (SPR) for Truck Tires Sidewall manufactured in Al-Dewaniya Tires Factory that have (30NR/70SBR) filled with carbon black N550. The results of constant amplitude loading have verified the applicability of the Paris law to the flexing fatigue behaviour of truck tire sidewall components. The accumulative fatigue damage was studied by the application of Miner’s rule to variable amplitude loading and gave unacceptable safe results at both sequence (L-H) and (H-L). The recipe that has (NR/SBR/BRcis) blending with percentages of (40/50/10) was generally the best in combined properties.

Implementation of straight and stringent legislation of Nox emission requires the new technological development for Nox abatement from exhaust gases. This paper summarizes the current status of Nox abatement strategy. The main focus is put forward on Nox control methods applied in combustion of diesel fuel in CI Engines furthermore the various methods of Nox abatement techniques emphasized.

Cavitating flows are highly complicated because it is a rapid phase change phenomenon, which often occurs in the high-speed or rotating fluid machineries. It is well known that the cavitating flows rise up the vibration, the noise and the erosion. Therefore, the research on the cavitating flows is of great interest. Numerical method is highly important approach for studying the cavitating flow. The propeller is the predominant propulsion device used in ships. The performance of propeller is conventionally represented in terms of non-dimensional coefficients, i.e., thrust coefficient (KT), torque coefficient (KQ) and efficiency and their variation with advance coefficients (J). It is difficult to determine the characteristics of a full-size propeller in open water by varying the speed of the advance and the revolution rate over a range and measuring the thrust and torque of the propeller. Therefore, recourse is made to experiments with models of the propeller and the ship in which the thrust and torque of the model propeller can be conveniently measured over a range of speed of advance and revolution rate. Experiments are very expensive and time consuming, so the present paper deals with a complete computational solution for the flow using STAR-CCM+ software. When the operating pressure was lowered below the vapor pressure of surrounding liquid it simulates cavitating condition. In the present work, STAR-CCM+ software is also used to solve advanced phenomena like cavitation of propeller. The simulation results of cavitation and open water characteristics of propeller are compared with experimental predictions, as obtained from literature [1].

This study investigated the development of thermo-regulated and eco-friendly bricks for thermo-regulated houses using anthill clay. Anthill Clay samples obtained from two tropical climatic locations were crushed, properly mixed with adequate water and varied proportions of Cement (0 - 20%), and subjected to standard laboratory experiments. The anthill clay samples for chemical composition, particle size distribution using sieve analysis and Atterberg limits tests were drawn before the compounding of the mixture for other tests. Specimens prepared using anthill clay and anthill-cement mix were tested, for physical, mechanical and thermal properties. The results of chemical composition, particle size distribution, atterberg limits and natural moisture content, showed that the Anthill Clay is a fireclay composed of inorganic coarse silt materials with mild plasticity. The chemical composition revealed that the clay contained residual carbon on ignition of 1.2% which is from the organic matter used by the white ants (termites) in compounding the clay, it is also responsible in regulating the amount of heat that enters the anthill. The effects of Cement on the anthill clay were visible on the dry density with an optimum value of 1878 kgm-3 at 10% additive. The Linear shrinkage and water absorption showed an inversely proportional effect to increasing additive amounts with optimum values of 1.86% and 4.22% at 10% additive respectively. The compressive strength increased with a maximum value of 9.04 Nmm-2 at 20% additive and an optimum value of 3.75 Nmm-2 at 10% additive, while the abrasion index decreased with a minimum value of 0.162units at 20% additive. The thermal conductivity had a direct proportional increase with % cement increase in the bricks, with a minimum value of 0.621W/mK at 0% additive with acceptable values at the other additive percentages. Based on the need to develop a thermo-regulated-eco-friendly brick with improved functional properties and thermoregulatory ability, the optimum product was achieved at 10% admixture (Anthill Clay + Cement 10%) which adhered to all recommended standards of the selected properties for clay bricks. The anthill clay does not emit CO2 and hence the control was from the quantity of cement added. This percentage proportion of the additive is suitable for the production of Anthill Clay brick for building thermo-regulated houses and agricultural storage structures, in urban and most especially in rural areas that are capable of withstanding the recent global warming effects in Nigeria and the world.

This work focused on the effect of groundnut paste fineness modulus on the quantity of oil extractable. Three samples of peeled roasted groundnut seeds A, B, and C weighing 14kg each were ground at different machine speeds of 310rpm, 250rpm, and 230rpm respectively. The energy expended in the extraction process using the IAR kneader was found to be 923J, 1043J, and 203J for samples A, B,and C respectively. Results revealed that the extraction efficiency increases as the value of fineness modulus decreases. The results also revealed that the energy requirement decreases as the fineness modulus value decreases.

Energy represent requirement of human being base, what increasing in line with its life storey;level. Oil fuel / fossil energy represent one of the source energy having the character of do not newly ( non sources energy renewable) which during the time representing pledge to fulfill requirement of energy in all activity sector. Properties of resource of energy in Indonesia, that is Hydropower, hot earth, earth gas, coal, peat, biomassa, biogas, wind, sea energy, sun and other can be exploited as alternative energy, replacing depended to oil fuel, what limited progressively goodness sum up and its reserve. Oil fuel hold very dominant position in accomplishment requirement of energy in country. Have to realize in this time Indonesia have imported crude oil and also oil fuel to ful fill requirement. crisis of Energy which knock over world affect, world crude oil price height, having an effect on direct to activity of economics. Properties of resource energy, specially the source of new and new energy which we have, require to difikirkan to be exploited as alternative energy, replacing and lessening role of oil fuel in consumption of energi in Indonesia. On that pattern, Body Research and Development of University of wijaya Putra doing research with activity of Analysis Exploiting Of Resource of Energy Alternative Is Ready of Energy Society in Indonesia, upon which policy of management of exploiting of resource of energy existing. Renewable energy To support BBM subtitute.

The double diffusive convection in a horizontal layer of a porous medium saturated with a Maxwell nanofluid is studied using linear and non-linear stability analyses. The modified Darcy-Maxwell model is used for the momentum equation. The model used for the Maxwell nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The thermal energy equations include the diffusion and cross diffusion terms. The linear theory depends on normal mode technique and the onset criterion for stationary and oscillatory convection is derived analytically. The non-linear theory based on the representation of Fourier series method is used to find the transient behavior of heat and mass transports. We observe that the transient Nusselt numbers show oscillatory motion when time is small. However, when time becomes very large all the three transient Nusselt values approaches to their steady-state values.