Archives-j 

A simple and reliable square wave anodic stripping (SWAS) voltammetric method at carbon paste electrode (CPE) of Mebeverin hydrochloride (MEB) in pharmaceutical dosage forms (tablet) and in biological fluids (spiked and real urine samples) has been developed and evaluated. Different parameters such as medium, supporting electrolyte, pH, accumulation potential, scan rate and accumulation time, were tested to optimize the conditions for the determination of MEB. The adsorbed form is oxidized irreversibly under optimal conditions, viz., 0.1 M Phosphate buffer (pH~8), 0.1M KCl, a linear concentration ranges from 0.233 to 42.406 µg/mL of MEB, at accumulation times 60, 150 s, can be determined successfully. The standard addition method was used to determine the MEB in pure solutions, tablets and in biological fluids with satisfactory results. The data obtained are compared with the standard official method.

The distribution of selected hydrophytes and their pollen morphology was carried out in six water bodies of Puducherry outskirts during the years 2006-07. Fifteen angiosperm species belonging to fifteen genera and fifteen families were identified (Aeschynomene indica, Aponogeton natans, Eichhornia crassipes, Ipomoea aquatica, Limnophila polystachia , Ludwigia adscendens, Nelumbo nucifera, Neptunia oleracea, Nymphaea pubescens, Nymphoides hydrophylla, Ottelia alismoides, Persicaria pulchra, Pistia stratiotes, Scirpus articulatus, Typha angustata). Many of the species observed were found in all the places studied. The mean number of pollen production per anther ranged from 847 to 41416. The pollen grains are mostly apolar or isopolar rarely heteropolar. The shape is commonly spheroidal or oblate-spheroidal rarely boat shaped (Nymphaea pubescens) and sub-prolate (Nelumbo nucifera). In Typha angustata the pollen grains are found in tetrads. Similarly exine sculpturing is also extremely varied ranging from reticulate to regulate. Apertures are mostly colpate or porate. The present study for the first time documents the diversity and pollen morphology of selected species in water bodies of the coastal environs.

Genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis were done for yield and its component characters in twenty two diverse genotypes of rape seed. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was recorded for seed yield per plant (31.33%) followed by siliqua per plant (20.07%). Heritability estimates in broad sense were higher for the characters days to maturity (83.92%), days to flowering (72.49%) and thousand seed weight (68.13%). Days to maturity, days to flowering, thousand seed weight and length of siliqua had high heritability along with low genetic advance suggests non-additive gene action was observed controlling these characters. Correlation coefficient of days to flowering (0.406*), primary branches per plant (0.514**), length of siliqua (0.548**), siliqua per plant (0.864**), seeds per siliqua (0.335*) was positive and significantly associated with seed yield per plant at genotypic level. Primary branches per plant (1.588), days to maturity (0.185), length of siliqua (0.740), siliqua per plant (0.569) and thousand seed weight (0.590) showed positive direct effect on seed yield. Selection based on these traits would give better response for the improvement of seed yield in rapes. The results of this study are expected as the basic information on genetic variation and relationship of component traits which can be used in rape seed breeding.

The acromioclavicular disjunction is a very frequent reason of consultation which concerns the young subject and which is favored by the sport practice.Our study is a retrospective study of a series of 5 patients who underwent endoscopic surgical treatment with coraco-clavicular lacing by ligamentoplasty within the orthopedic trauma department over a 24-month period between 01/2016 and 12/2017. The postoperative Constant score was 92 on average.No infectious or early or late cutaneous complications were found in the patients of our series.On the radiological level, the measurement of the coraco-clavicular distance in pre- and immediate postoperative, which was on average 30 mm against 18 mm postoperatively. The rapid recovery and the possibility of performing other arthroscopic therapeutic gestures represent the main advantages of this type of treatment.

The paper proposed the application of a new four-dimensional hyper chaotic map based on the Lorenz chaotic system to realize chaotic encryption for improved security. Hyper chaotic systems are more complex and difficult to predict. An image encryption algorithm is designed by utilizing the basic operations like permutation, confusion and diffusion. The combination of the user defined 256 bits secret key and the plain image are used as initial conditions for the 4D hyper-chaotic system to generate the key matrix. Several test images are used for inspecting the validity of the proposed work. The security analyses and computer simulations on the basis of key space analysis, statistical analysis, histogram analysis, information entropy analysis, correlation analysis and differential analysis is done. The NPCR and UACI values of encrypted images are also calculated. The result shows that a single bit change in the pixel value of the input plain images will cause a significant changed in the ciphered images. Total key space for the proposed method is 2256, which is good enough to protect the encrypted image against brute-force attack.

Four Trichoderma species with known biocontrol activity (T. harzianum, T. hamantum, T. viride and T. virens) were tested for their efficacy against Cephalosporium acremonium, a causal organism of Black bundle disease in maize. Interactions between the fungi were assessed in vitro to study mutual antagonisms. Among the four bio-agents, T. hamantum proved to be promising which showed maximum inhibition (51.3%) followed by T. virens (45.2%), T. harzianum (44.6%) and T. viride (20.3%). T. hamantum was also found to be hyperparasite on C. acremonium whereas, T. harzianum and T. viride showed mycelial deformation. The volatile toxicants released by all the Trichoderma spp. were inferior in inhibiting the growth of C. acremonium when compared to the control as evident by inverted plate technique. The results of in vivo experiments confirmed the results from the in vitro study and showed that all the four bio-agents significantly reduced the disease incidence of Black bundle disease.

Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is an inherited genetic condition characterized by the presence of multiple exostoses (osteochondromas). We report here the management of a rare case of a 29-year-old woman presented with multiple painless bony lumps that had developed insidiously over the past 10 years. The sites of involvement were the knees and the distal thirds of the fore arms and femurs. Radiographs showed well-defined sessile bone-density spurs arising from the metaphyses, with no alterations in the surrounding soft tissues. After surgical resection, histological examination of the operative specimens established the diagnosis of hereditary multiple exostosis.

Cardiac evidence of Lyme disease are relatively infrequent, occurring within weeks after the infectious tick bite (median of 21 days), and resulting at this stage from a direct borrelial infection of the myocardium, as indicated by reports of spirochete isolation from pericardium and myocardium. Lyme carditis typically presents with a fluctuating degree of atrioventricular block that spontaneously resolves in several days. The management of Lyme carditis does not differ from the treatment of Lyme disease without carditis.

The amount of wind turbine connected to the power grid has significantly increased during the last decade. This has resulted in essential need to establish grid codes. Previously, wind turbine generators (WTGs) were allowed to be disconnected from the network during any disturbance at the grid side to avoid WTGs from being damaged. However, lately, the transmission system operators (TSOs) require WTGs to be stayed connected to provide support to the grid during fault. This new requirement has been regulated in the new grid codes. In this paper, the super conducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit is used to enhance the high voltage ride through (HVRT) capability of DFIG based WTG during voltage swell events at the grid side. Two new grid codes are used to verify the ability of the SMES unit to avoid the WTG from being disconnected from the grid.

The second order slip boundary condition influence on diffusion of chemically reactive species of non-Newtonian fluid over a vertical permeable linearly stretching or shrinking sheet with surface mass transfer is considered using a second order slip flow model. Casson fluid model is used to characterize the non-Newtonian fluid behavior. The first order chemical reaction is considered. Choosing appropriate similarity variables, the partial differential equations are transformed into a set of non-linear self-similar ordinary differential equations, which are then solved numerically using the function bvp4c from Matlab for different values of the governing parameters. The results clearly show that the second order slip flow model is necessary to predict the flow characteristics accurately. A comprehensive numerical computation is carried out for various values of the parameters that describe the flow characteristics.

The Bezold-Jarisch reflex is a cardioinhibitory reflex characterized by a triad of signs (bradycardia, hypotension, and apnea) and involved in some cases of vasovagal syncope. Its physiopathology is still largely unknown. We report two cases of young patients presenting with vasovagal syncope and whose autonomic system investigation showed a profile highly suggestive of Bezold-Jarisch reflex. 

Cellular Manufacturing System (CMS) is an application of Group Technology (GT) in which functionally dissimilar machines are grouped together to form a family of parts. This work gives an overview of the Back Propagation Network (BPN) based approaches to form the machine cells and component grouping for minimizing the exceptional elements and bottleneck machines. This method is applied to the known benchmark problems found in literature, and it is found to be equal or best when compared to in terms of minimizing number of exceptional elements.

Recently, the issue of machine condition monitoring became global due to the potential advantages to be obtained from decreased maintenance costs, improved productivity and increased machine availability. Vibration technique in a machine condition monitoring provides useful reliable information, bringing significant cost benefits to industry. By comparing the signals of a machine running in normal and faulty conditions, detection of fault like journal-bearing defect is possible. This paper deal a new method of engine journal-bearing fault diagnosis based on Power Spectral Density (PSD) of vibration signals in combination with Support Vector Machine (SVM). The frequency domain vibration signals of an internal combustion engine (IC engine) with three main journal-bearing conditions were gained, corresponding to, (i) normal, (ii) corrosion and (iii) excessive wear. The features of PSD values of vibration signals were extracted using statistical and vibration parameters. The extracted features were used as inputs to the SVM for three-class identification. The roles of PSD technique and SVM classifier were investigated. Results showed that the accuracy rate of fault diagnosis of the IC engine main journal-bearing was 100%. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has the potential for fault diagnosis of main journal-bearing of IC engine.

Vibration technique in a machine condition monitoring provides useful reliable information, bringing significant cost benefits to industry. By comparing the signals of a machine running in normal and faulty conditions, detection of faults like journal-bearing defects is possible. This paper presents an appropriate procedure for the fault detection of main engine journal-bearing based on vibration analysis. The frequency-domain vibration signals of an internal combustion engine (IC engine) with normal and defective main journal-bearings were obtained. The signal processing technique plays one of the important roles for recognizing the journal-bearing fault in the proposed system. In the present research, the data mining method based on feature extraction and selection is proposed. The database is established by the feature vectors of frequency domain signals which are used as input pattern in the training and identification process. The SVM and KNN is proposed to identify and classify the journal-bearing fault conditions in the condition monitoring system. The experimental results verified that the proposed diagnostic procedure has more possibilities and abilities in the fault diagnosis of the main journal-bearing of IC engine.

Some new chalcones, 2-4 bis (tetrahydro - 1,4-oxazine)-6-[4'-{3''-(substituted phenyl) -2''-propenon-1''-yl} phenyl amino]-s-triazine (6a-f) have been achieved by the reaction between 2-4-(bis- tetrahydro- 1,4-oxazine) -6-(4'-acetylphenylamino)-s-triazine (5) and different aromatic aldehydes, which on cyclisation with hydrazine hydrate in presence of acetic acid give acetyl pyrazolines (7a-f). Chalcones (6a-f) on cyclisation with guanidine hydrochloride in presence o f alkali give aminopyrimidines (8a-f). The characterization of newly synthesised compounds has been done on the basis of IR, 1H NMR spectral data as well as elemental analysis. All the synthesised compounds have been screened for their antimicrobial activity.

A new series of isoxazoles (7a-f), cyanopyridines (8a-f) and pyrimidinthiones (9a-f) have been prepared from chalcones (6a-f) having s-triazine nucleus. These chalcones on cyclisation with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride in the presence of alkali and malononitrile in the presence of ammonium acetate give isoxazoles (7a-f) and cyanopyridines (8a-f) respectively. Chalcones (6a-f) on condensation with thiourea in the presence of alkali give pyrimidinthiones (9a-f). Structures of newly synthesised compounds were established on the basis of their elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectral data. Antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration MIC) against Gram-positive (S. aureus MTCC 96 and S. pyogeneus MTCC 442 ) and Gram-negative (P. aeruginosa MTCC 1688 and E. coli MTCC 443) bacteria, as well as antifungal activity (MIC) against C. albicans MTCC 227, A. niger MTCC 282 and A. clavatus MTCC 1323 were determined by broth dilution method.

The main objective of this research is to minimize delay in collaborative applications by setting tight bounds. Examples of collaborative applications include video-conferencing, distributed database replication, and online games. The efficiency of this project is analyzed and shown to be superior to its counterparts in the execution time. To provide an efficient heuristic to obtain a multicast sub network on an overlay network, given a source and a set of destinations that is within a specified maximum delay and a specified maximum variation in the delays from a source to the destinations.

Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium associated with sexually transmitted genital tract infection in humans and cause genital infection in both men and women. It is one among the major causes for complications in pregnancy. In this study prevalence of the C trachomatis genital infection among the pregnant women of reproductive age group has been studied. A total of 300 pregnant women with symptomatic genital infections were included in this study. Blood samples were collected from them and screened for Chlamydia trachomatis specific IgM antibodies by Micro Immuno Fluorescence (MIF). The results showed an overall 16% prevalence of C trachomatis infection among the various age groups of the pregnant women . From this informations, we conclude that the C.trachomatis infection is quite prevalent among the pregnant women belongs to our area - south India. Hence, we suggest the need of implementing the screening programme as mandatory for the detection of Chlamydial genital infection among pregnant women, in view of preventing the adverse effects related to pregnancy outcomes.

Match analysis is a major subject among coaches, team managers and sport scientists and it is gaining an increasing relevance day by day. Information and the relevant data processing are the key factors while referring to this aspect of the sports training methodology. In India Kabaddi is a major sport, which is played all over the India. The present study attempts to design and develop a digital match analysis system for Kabaddi matches. The data were collected during South Zone Inter-University Kabaddi tournament for men 2010-2011 held at Karnataka University, Dharward was used for analysis. After getting various inputs from experts and literature, the investigators had designed and developed a digital match analysis system. A survey was conducted among 15 Coaches, Physical Educators, Players and officials which revealed that the 16 factors which are essential for analysing the performance of the team & individual. This study was a preliminary work and needs testing at all levels. It was also concluded that the result of the study may be very much helpful to the Physical Educationists and Coaches in enhancing the performance level of the Kabaddi players. The outcome of the study may act as a tool to analyse the team & individual performance in the game of Kabaddi.

In silico studies have been helpful in identifying the potential lead molecules with reduced cost. The chemical structure of a drug determines its physicochemical properties, and further determinates its absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity properties and ultimately affect the pharmacological activity. Medical chemists can regulate the pharmacological activity of drug molecule by modifying their structure. Unsaturated(contain two double or triple bonds), partially unsaturated(contain at least one double or triple bond) and saturated(contain no double bond or triple bonds) ring systems are important components of a drug. In this study, a serious of 27 five-membered heterocyclics were subjected to frontier molecular orbital(FMO) analysis and nonlinear optical(NLO) property identification by using density functional theory(DFT) calculations. DFT based global reactivity descriptor calculations have emerged as powerful tools for studying the reactivity, selectivity and stability of chemical and biological systems. Molecular orbital analysis exhibits relatively high(low) energy gap of the studied molecules, indicating that it would be kinetically stable(unstable). Pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity risks were studied using various programs like OSIRIS and Molsoft. In addition, we also verified the drug score, which combines drug likeness, cLogP, LogS, molecular weight(MW), and toxicity risks in one value and this may be used to judge the compounds overall potential to qualify for a drug.

The geometries, electronic structures, polarizabilities, and hyperpolarizabilities of organic dye sensitizer 1,4-Phenylenediacetonitrile was studied based on ab initio HF and Density Functional Theory (DFT) using the hybrid functional B3LYP. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrum was investigated by Time Dependent DFT (TDDFT). Features of the electronic absorption spectrum in the visible and near-UV regions were assigned based on TDDFT calculations. The absorption bands are assigned to ???* transitions. Calculated results suggest that the three excited states with the lowest excited energies in 1,4-Phenylenediacetonitrile is due to photo induced electron transfer processes. The interfacial electron transfer between semiconductor TiO2 electrode and dye sensitizer 1,4-Phenylenediacetonitrile, is due to an electron injection process from excited dye to the semiconductor’s conduction band. The role of cyanine and methyl group in 1,4-Phenylenediacetonitrile in geometries, electronic structures, and spectral properties were analyzed.

The geometries, electronic structures, polarizabilities, and hyperpolarizabilities of organic dye sensitizer 1,4-Phenylenediacetonitrile was studied based on ab initio HF and Density Functional Theory (DFT) using the hybrid functional B3LYP. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrum was investigated by Time Dependent DFT (TDDFT). Features of the electronic absorption spectrum in the visible and near-UV regions were assigned based on TDDFT calculations. The absorption bands are assigned to ???* transitions. Calculated results suggest that the three excited states with the lowest excited energies in 3-Thiophenecarbonitrile is due to photo induced electron transfer processes. The interfacial electron transfer between semiconductor TiO2 electrode and dye sensitizer 3-Thiophenecarbonitrile, is due to an electron injection process from excited dye to the semiconductor’s conduction band. The role of cyanine and methyl group in 3-Thiophenecarbonitrile in geometries, electronic structures, and spectral properties were analyzed.

The present project describes the Comparative Analysis of Steel and RC Shear Wall. This work focus of static analysis is carried out for steel moment resisting building frame having (G+4) storey situated in zone IV stiffened without shear wall, with Steel Shear Wall and with RC shear wall. The scope of present work is to understand that the structures need to have suitable Earthquake resisting features to safely resist large lateral forces that are imposed on them during Earthquake. The analysis of steel plate shear wall and RC plate shear wall building are carried out using Software STAAD PRO V8i. . The main parameters consider in this project to compare the seismic performance of buildings are Nodal displacement Value, Drift Value, Moment and shear force value, Reactions and story shear Value. The models are analyze by equivalent static analysis as per IS 1893:2002. On the basis of Analysis and Observation Shear Wall is played a Vitol Role the displacement value at the intermediate Nodal Location are more. In the structure with RC shear wall Drift value is comparatively less the moment and Shear Force in the column for the structure with shear wall is more as compared to structure without shear wall. Moments and Shear force are more for Steel Shear wall Structure as that of RC shear wall structure. As the seismic forces are depend upon the Total weight of structure and provision of shear wall is increased. The total weights of structure thus, the reaction are more for structure with RC shear wall followed by steel shear wall. Storey shear value are less for Structure with RC shear wall as compared to steel shear wall and structure without shear wall.

The study of the physical process of a pulsed laser interacting with human brain tissue is important to identify the energy transport of photons in a strongly diffused zone. The purpose of this article is to describe by a numerical simulation method (Monte Carlo), the light bundle formed by the source-detector pair by scanning a portion of the volume of diseased tissues. In the present simulation, we use the experimental results: the absorption and scattering coefficients respectively ma and ms. We follow the paths of a random walker and we plot for each event as a first step, the relative fluence rate, the reflectance and the transmittance of the signal in terms of respectively depths of penetration and the times expressed in (ps) using a cylindrical geometry. The second step is to study the distribution of the photons of the recorded at different positions, dependent primarily on the ultra-short pulsed laser source in femtosecond wavelength of 800nm. We consider the spherical coordinates (R,q,j) and time t. Thereafter, we compare these results with those calculated with the Cartesian coordinates (x,y,z).

Peroxodisulfate was simply supported on a weakly basic ion exchange resin by elution of a column containing the resin with an aqueous potassium peroxodisulfate solution. Resin supported peroxodisulfate was used for mild and selective ?-iodination of 1,3-dicarbonyl and ?,?-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in the presence of molecular iodine in acetonitrile at room temperature. Also direct and efficient iodination of activated aromatic compounds was performed in acetonitrile under reflux conditions.

Biodiesel with diesel additives have been attaining increased attention from engine researchers in the point of the energy crisis and growing environmental issues. The present work is aimed at experimental investigation of polymer based additive are mixed in different proportions with B15 (15% of Mamey Sapote oil + 85% of diesel) bio diesel. Experiments were done on a 4-Stroke single cylinder variable compression ratio ignition engine by varying percentage by volume of SC 5D additives in diesel-biodiesel blends. Their emissions and performance results are compared with base fuel B15 bio diesel. By mixing of this additive, it is observed that cetane index number is increased. The tests conducted at full load and varying speed conditions. At full load for B15 with 2500: 5 ml blend shows that the results of HC, NOx, C0 & smoke density are reduced by 10%, 24%, 16% & 11.12% respectively. Brake power is increased 2.19% whereas brake specific fuel consumption is decreased by 9.09% and for B15 with 2000:3 brake thermal efficiency increased by 4.16%.

It is found from the literature survey that very few comprehensive reviews exist on the Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using isobutanol–diesel fuel blends. Some of the important reviews on fish oil with Isobutonal as an additive, diesel with different percentages blend with Isobutonal, butonal- gasoline blends effects on the combustion process in a SI engine have been reviewed. Different Isobutonal blends with base fuels experimental performances including both diesel engine and gasoline engines have been reviewed. An attempt is being made to identify best performing methods from the literature reviewed; this will be a reference for further research. This paper deals with updated review of the literature on performance and emission analysis with Isobutonal blends with diesel and biodiesel under the resource constrained.

The aneurysms of the digestive visceral arteries constitute a rare vascular pathology, since they represent only 5% of all the aneurysms. The rupture remains the most formidable complication. The treatment is essentially based on conventional or endovascular surgery. This is a report of 4 cases presenting an aneurysm of different visceral arteries managed in the department of vascular surgery of the Mohammed VI-Oujda CHU.The mean age was 41 years, (30-57 years mean with SD), sex ratio is at 1, and two patients had a specific aneurysm related symptomatology with pulsatile abdominal mass and systolic murmur. The location of the aneurysms was variable with two cases of the splenic artery, one of the superior mesenteric artery and one of the cystic artery. The diagnosis was madein three patients by the abdominal ultrasound, supplemented by the CT-scann, and once by the abdominal CT- scann immediately. Three patients were treated surgically with resection of the aneurysm without restoration of continuity. The goal of DAA treatment is to prevent risk of rupture associated to a high mortality. The risk of rupture depends on the location, type, and etiology of the aneurysm.Atherosclerosis has the main etiology of digestive aneurysms, followed by mycotic and post-traumatic aneurysms. Fibromuscular dysplasia remains a rare and poorly understood entity.Surgical treatment is the therapy of choice. Endovascular techniques have developed and are being used successfully. They have indications more and more wide in the treatment of aneurisms of the digestive arteries.The advent of endovascular treatment has significantly increased the percentage of patients treated for aneurysm of the digestive arteries, thus reducing morbidity and mortality in patients at high surgical risk.

The incidence of stenosis of the subclavian artery represents 3 to 4% of the general population [1]; atherosclerosis is the most common cause. We conducted this study to review the stenocclusive pathology of the subclavian artery, and to expose our experience in surgical and endovascular management. It is a retrospective and analytical study conducted within the department of vascular surgery of Mohammed VI CHU. Surgical treatment consisted of subclavio-carotid transposition in 2 cases, carotid-bypass grafting in one case and angioplasty with stent placement in the latter case. It is important for the surgeon to have a thorough understanding of the anatomy and etiology of subclavian artery stenosis, while considering the surgical options. This case series presents some of the treatment options available to vascular surgeons for the management of symptomatic subclavian artery disease.

The corrosion behavior of stainless steel (SS) type 304 in 1 M HCl and at different temperatures (25 oC - 55 oC) in presence of different concentrations of heterocyclic organic compounds was studied using chemical (weight loss) and electrochemical (potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) techniques. The polarization curves reveal that these investigated compounds act as mixed type inhibitors. Adsorption of these inhibitors on SS surface was found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Results show that the rate of corrosion of SS increased with increasing temperature over the range (25 oC - 55 oC) both in the presence and the inhibitors and in their absence and decreases with increasing inhibitor concentration. This indicates that these compounds were assumed to occur via physical adsorption on the steel surface. Activation energies in the presence and absence of these investigated compounds were obtained by measuring the temperature dependence of the corrosion current. The reactivity of these compounds was analyzed through theoretical calculations based on semiempirical theory to explain the different efficiency of these compounds as corrosion inhibitors.

In this work, Khillah extract was examined as green corrosion inhibitor for zinc in 3.5 % NaCl and 16 ppm solution by using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) techniques. Results obtained showed that the extract of Khillah functioned as an effective and good inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increase of extract concentration reaching maximum inhibition efficiency 87.2%. The adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the zinc metal surface obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Polarization data indicated that this extract acts as mixed type inhibitor.

The adsorption and inhibition efficiency effect of antipyrine derivatives on the c-steel alloy in 1M HCl were investigated using electrochemical techniques (potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM)). The inhibition efficiency of the inhibitors increased with increasing the concentration of the derivatives and increased also with increasing the temperature. Polarization curves revealed that these compounds are chemical type inhibitors. The adsorption of these compounds follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Some thermodynamic parameters of activation and adsorption processes were also determined and discussed.

The effect of Psidium guajava leaf as corrosion inhibitors in 10 % sulfamic acid solution was conducted using different techniques at temperatures 298 K.The effect of temperature was studied and activation and adsorption thermodynamic parameters were computed and discussed. The surface morphology was analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Potentiodynamic polarization studies showed that Psidium guajava leaf acts as mixed type inhibitor for corrosion of C-steel in 10% NH2SO3H solution. The addition of Psidium guajava leaf led to increase in the charge transfer resistance (Rct) and decrease in capacitance of the double layer (Cdl). The inhibition mechanism involve physisorption. The adsorption of this extract on C-steel surface obeys isotherm. All studied techniques gave similar results. Surface of C-steel was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique.

The AWJM is widely used to process the different materials. The material considered for the experimental study is commercial aluminum, mild steel and EN8. The operating parameters, namely pressure, cutting speed and abrasive flow rate are varied during to find its effect on metal removal rate. Attempt is made to establish relationship between operating parameters and material removal rate by using regression analysis & ANOVA. Experimental study is performed to validate the results. It is observed that pressure & abrasive flow rate are the most significant parameters that affect the material removal rate in AWJM.

Co-curricular is a group activity where the planned activities more advanced than teaching and learning in the classroom that provide the opportunity to add, strengthen and practice the knowledge, skills and values learned in the classroom. It is a physical, emotional and spiritual construction platform in line with the aims of the National Education Philosophy aimed at forming a balanced generation. Hence, referring to the Letter of Professional Circular No. 1/1985 dated 2 January 1985, each student either government or non-government school is required to take at least one activity of the Uniform Body Team, an association or club activity and a sports or game activity. The main goal of co-curriculum’s implementation in education is to achieving the National Education Philosophy in distributing awareness of religion and belief in god. Balancing spiritual, physical, intellectual and emotional development and also strengthening relationships and interactions among students; Build and increase interest and talent; Building and improving discipline; Creating a healthy school culture; Building and improving cooperation and create a school of character. The curriculum plays an important role in education. Among them is the importance of cultivating the character and the unity of creation. This is in line with the second core of the Education Development Master Plan (PIPP), namely Developing Human Capital. Participation in co-curricular activities can also increase the level of student’s discipline. Based on some studies, it found that the co-curricular activity was able to reduce the disciplinary problem to a minimum level. However, in this effort, teachers, parents and communities need to work together and strengthen relationships with one another. Negative perceptions of co-curricular implementation in schools should eradicated. Schools and parents need to be more open-minded.

The FTIR spectrum shows that the carbonyl group of L-Leucine, L-Glutamic acid and L-Tyrosine interact with 2-aminopydine through N—H?O hydrogen bonding. 2-aminopyridine protonated and L-amino acids deprotonated during the reaction, resulting in the formation of 2-aminopyridiniumleucinate, bis2-aminopyridinium glutamate and 2-aminopyridiniumtyrosinate co-crystals. The UV-Vis spectrum shows that the molecules are closely packed and undergoes n??^* transition in all these three co-crystal and the cut off wavelength value indicate that bis2-aminopyridinium glutamate and 2-aminopyridiniumtyrosinate co-crystals have Non-linear optical property compared to 2-aminopyridiniumleucinate crystals. The cell parameter calculated from powder XRD pattern.

Abstract This Molecular docking study aimed to identify the binding site of protonated ligand Tetrakis (4-aminopyridine-kN1) dichloridocopper (II) monohydrate with sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase (S1PL) for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. With the aid of MGL Tools – 1.4.6, the molecular docking analysis shows that the oxygen atom of phenolic O-H group of tyrosine TYR526 interacts with the hydrogen atom of NH group of the ligand. Oxygen atom of water molecule present in the ligand interacts with hydrogen atom of NH group present in glutamine GLN476. In-silico docking study of a protein ligand interaction resulted in -6.11 kcal mol-1 and -6 kcal mol-1 free energy values for the GLN476 - ligand and TYR526 – ligand respectively and the corresponding median Inhibition concentration IC50 value found to be 8µg/ml. This molecular docking study show good inhibitory interaction effect for ligand for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Keywords S1PL, 4-aminopyridine, copper complexes, protein-ligand interaction, tyrosine, glutamine

In this study, an organized method for determining the novelty of submitted manuscript is presented. The importance of the need for objective determination of the novelty of submitted manuscript is identified. Discussions on the meaning of novelty are presented and used as basis to form mathematical expressions defining parameters useful to quantify the novelty of submitted manuscript. The defined parameters will be found more useful in objective decision of the novelty of submitted manuscripts as opposed to the current frustrating subjective methodology adopted by editors and reviewers world over.

In this paper, we study 0 – modularity in the lattice of weak congruences. We are going to prove that Cw(L) is 0 – modular if and only if L is a chain.

Let G be a simple connected graph of order n. Let Dct(G, i) be the family of connected total dominating sets of G with cardinality i. The polynomial Dct (G, x) = dct (G, i) xi is called the connected total domination polynomial of G. In this paper, we study some properties of connected total domination polynomials of the Extended grid graph Gn. We obtain a recursive formula for dct (Gn, i). Using this recursive formula, we construct the connected total domination polynomial Dct (Gn, x) = dct(Gn, i) xi , of Gn, where dct(Gn, i) is the number of connected total dominating sets of Gn with cardinality i and some properties of this polynomial have been studied.

Copper (II) phthalocyanine and 2, 9, 16, 23 tetrakis nitro copper (II) phthalocyanine  has been synthesized respectively from phthalonitrile and 4-nitro phthalonitrile under solvent-free condition using two different catalysts. 4-Nitro phthalonitrile synthesized from phthalimide in three steps. The reaction time of ruthenium chloride and HZSM-5 catalysts was very shorter than ammonium molybdate and H? catalysts. The yield while we used ruthenium chloride and HZSM-5 catalysts were very higher than another. The newly prepared compound has been characterized by IR, UV-Vis, ¹HNMR and XRD spectra.

Hydrazone compounds derived from 2–Amino –5–chlorobenzophenone. The structures of the compounds are purified and characterized by means of TLC, melting point, IR, 1H NMR spectral data. The antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi was studied. The result of preliminary biological tests showed that of these compounds possess biological activaties.

In Tilapia aquaculture, it is more desirable to culture all male (monosex) population because they grow bigger and faster. The synthetic steroid hormones such as 17-?-methyl testosterone are commonly used to reverse sex in tilapia. Due to its latent health and environmental hazards, attention is presently being focused on the use of alternatives, such as plant extracts called phytochemicals. This study investigated the phytochemical “genistein” as a possible enzymatic aromatase inhibitor that could modulate the sex differential response in the gonad of sexually undifferentiated tilapia. Experimental diet supplemented with genistein (500mg/kg) along with a control diet were evaluated in the feeding of three days old tilapia fry (6mg-8mg) for eight weeks. Result shows that the presence of dietary genistein did not have any significance positive effect on the weight gain, SGR (%) and survival (%), although higher number of males were produced in the genistein fed fish but the phenotypic sex ratio was not significantly different (p>0.05) from the control.

A system was designed and fabricated to grade apples automatically based on their size using machine vision, in this study. The device included unites to single out, orient and grade apples. A cylinder container with circular hole in bottom which was equipped with agitator was built to single out the apples. This mechanism delivered apples to orientation unit, one by one. Two wooden rails with a specific form which was located on the ramp via adequate slope was used to orient the apples during rolling. After the orientation, apples were placed below the camera to take its photo. The photos were transferred to computer for image processing to determine the grade of apples based on their size. A belt conveyor carries the apples and set them in appropriate place regards to their grade. As a final point, the wind spray valve is opened and the apple is pushed to the marked box. In order to evaluate the constructed system, 10 red and golden delicious apples of each grade were chosen and the completely randomized design test was conducted. The results demonstrated that the most time consumed related to image processing. Almost%85 of apples were properly oriented in the orientation unit and graded correctly. The overall system performance was appropriate, thus the system can be used to grade apples automatically.

New VO(IV), Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes of the Schiff bases, 2-[(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-ylimino)methyl]-5-nitrophenol (HL1) and 3-[2,4-dihydro-1H-inden-4-ylimino) methyl]napthalen-2-ol (HL2) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, infrared and electronic spectral measurements. The purity of the ligands is confirmed by microanalyses and 1HNMR. The IR spectra show that the ligands are bidentate coordinating via azomethine N and napthalenol/phenol O atoms, and the metal complexes of HL1 exhibit geometric isomerism being in the Cis-form with a lone vC=N band. The metal complexes all assume a 4-coordinate tetrahedral/square planar geometry with exception of the VO(IV) complex which is 5-coordinate square-pyramidal as corroborated by electronic spectra. None is an electrolyte in nitromethane. The Schiff base, HL2, and its metal complexes have higher molar absorptivities of the ligand bands than HL1 and its metal complexes; due to a closer metal to ligand overlap, a consequence of extended conjugation in the naphthalene ring. The in-vitro antibacterial activities of these complexes and their Schiff bases against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella oxytoca and Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows that HL1 and its metal complexes are more active than HL2 and its metal complexes, and the latter compounds have selective inactivity against Bacillus cereus and Klebsiella oxytoca. It is note worthy that [CoL1]2 exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity like the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (26.0-30.5 mm), although with smaller inhibitory zones in the range 12.5-17.0 mm.

This research introduces a new set of 32 in-equivalent Hadamard matrices of order 404 of Goethals Seidel type. To apply the Goethals Seidel method, four Turyn type sequences of lengths 34 are found by a computer search. These sequences are used to construct base sequences of lengths 67 and are used to generate a set of four T-sequences of length 101. There were 16 possible ways of the linear combinations of these T- sequences and 1820 possible ways of choosing four sequences. Among them only 32 possible choices gave the new set of in-equivalent Hadamard matrices of order 404.

This study investigated skills acquisition in Chemistry education for youth empowerment. A descriptive survey design was adopted. The population of the study was made up of two thousand, one hundred and nine (2,109) senior secondary (III) Chemistry students in the 14 Government owed secondary schools in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State. The two hundred (200) senior secondary (111) Chemistry students used as sample were obtained from five schools with fairly equipped science laboratories that could sustain most of the practical prescribed in the senior secondary school chemistry curriculum. Purposive sampling was used to select the schools as well as one intact class in which all the students offer chemistry in each school. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire of thirty-five (35) items divided in three sections (a , b and c) which elicited information on the extent of use, availability, usability and the influence of the innovative teaching methods that enhance skills acquisition in Chemistry. It also elicited information on the skills acquired by the Chemistry students. The instrument was validated by 2 experts in science education (one biology and Chemistry options), as well as an expert in test and measurement.. A reliability coefficient of 0.76 was obtained using a test-retest method to obtain data and Pearson Product Moment correlation statistics.. In order to make decisions, a mean reference of 2.5 on a Modified 4 points Likert Scale was used. The result showed that students learnt better and acquired scientific skills when the teaching methods allowed active participation and interaction with the learning materials (hands on Activities). The result also revealed that students were able to acquire acquisitive and communicative skills. Sequel to the findings, the study recommended that the teaching-learning interaction in chemistry should be activity-oriented for the development of skills useful for enhancing productivity.

Since the world is full of indeterminacy, the neutrosophics found their place into contemporary research. In this paper we define rough neutrosophic sets and study their properties. Some propositions in this notion are proved. Possible application to computer sciences is touched upon.

This research was built to investigate the main role of phosphorylated sol-gel (PSG) to reduce the ignition problems of polyester fabric. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the un-treated and treated samples were investigated. PSG material was played as protective shielding coat and improved the thermal behavior. FTIR analysis of the treated sample showed that there is a sort of interaction between the molecules of PSG and the fabric. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) for the lowest oxygen concentration needed to start the ignition showed also an improvement in the ignition retarding behavior due to this treatment. To increase the affinity of fibers towards PSG, the fabric surface was exposed to UV/Ozone for different periods. Exposuring samples for 90 min showed the best results comparing to other samples (irradiated for UV/Ozone for 0, 30 and 125 min). Ignition behavior (UL/94) was also applied on samples by using the flame chamber for determining the rate of burning. The results of UL/94 (according to ISO 3795) confirmed the ignition behavior results produced from the LOI

The concept of Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) has been successfully used as a diagnostic technique to detect winding deformation, core and clamping structure for power transformers. The main problem about FRA techniques is to interpret the observed evolution of the frequency response in order to identify failures. Transformer high frequency computer modeling is proposed in this work to be used with the practical FRA measurements. The physical meaning of the model parameters allows the identification of the problem inside the transformer. Two high frequency transformer models based on lumped and distributed parameters approaches are investigated. A comparison of both models is conducted using their transfer function plots, and hence based on the amount of information revealed from the plots, a distributed model is chosen for further analysis. The model validation is carried out through the comparison of the simulation and field results. Mechanical and short circuit faults are simulated into the model to compare the differences in the frequency response of healthy and deformed transformer signatures. The advantage of this technique is that the FRA measurements can be obtained from meaningful parameters that can aid interpretation and classification of FRA signatures.