Archives- 

Stable isotopes of ²H and ¹⁸O and physico-chemical data of groundwater and surface water from parts of the Ayensu Basin have been used to assess the origin of groundwater and the possible source of salinity in the groundwater. The pH of groundwaters ranges from 5.53-7.21; the groundwaters are between mildly acidic and slightly alkaline. Chloride concentration of the boreholes ranges between 49.985-399.876mg/L. The conductivity of groundwater samples also varied between 382-2140µS/cm while their total dissolved solids (TDS) varied between 164.9-913mg/L. The isotopic compositions of ? ¹⁸O versus ? ²H of the groundwaters plotted along the local meteoric water line indicating that the groundwaters do not undergo significant evaporation before recharge. The plot of ? ¹⁸O versus chloride indicates that processes for the increasing salinity could be due to enrichment by evaporation and possibly dissolution of soil salts. The study has also shown that the aquifers could be discontinuous.

At the age of thirty, Uzun Hasan took over Amed (Diyarbakir), the capital city of Ak Koynlu state and became the unrivaled ruler. He married his first wife at the age of fifteen; soon after, he married his second and third wives. His first wife was a Turcoman, the second was a Kurd and the third was a Christian. Each of the wives acted in accordance with the personalities, potentials, personal skills and the wills they possessed. The Turcoman queen or Seljuk Shah could not stand to lead a life away from the Ak Koynlu palace; thus she established a broad network of relations with the Ak Koynlu dignitaries and military leaders and also was an influential figure among the Ak Koynlu members. She was so skillful that she could easily gather Ak Koynlu family around herself. After her husband died, her role became even greater. Hasan’s Kurdish wife kept a low profile. Most of her decisions and wills were expressed by her son Ughrlu Mohammed. In factMohammed’s personality overshadowed his mother’s personality since she was not allowed to work within the palace. As for Hasan’s third wife, Dspina, the Christian, it is obvious that she married Hasan to protect Trabzon Empire ruled by her father. Then she started to influence Uzun Hasan to work against the Ottoman Empire. Furthermore, she played an active role in building relations between Hasan and the West, particularly the Venetian Republic.

This paper presents the effective approach to harness electrical energy from the highways by means of vertical axis wind turbine. The wind turbine consists of stationary shaft which is mounted on the ball bearing on top and bottom end of the shaft. In addition, dynamo is connected to upper and lower part of the wind turbine. As the vehicles are moving at faster rate on two different directions in highways, the wind turbine, which is placed on the highways sides, is able to rotate effectively on its own axis in any of the direction. As a result, the large amount of electrical energy gets generated in both day and night time. This wind power generation is an alternative way for power generation instead of depleting non-renewable energy sources.

Abacavir (ABC) {(1S,4R)-4-[2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl] cyclopent-2-en-1-yl} methanol, is an antiretroviral medication which is used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. It belongs from nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) a sub class of RTIs, which interrupt the virus to make copy of it. In this paper we reported the results of a systematic experimental IR and Raman study of Avacavir. Additionally the equilibrium geometry, harmonic vibrational frequency Raman and IR intensities were calculated using density function theory. Finally complete vibrational assignment of Abacavir is given for the observed Raman and Infrared spectra. The experimental and theoretical results are found to be in excellent agreement with each other. We believe that the results obtained herein will prove to be an excellent starting point for studying the detailed potential surface of the molecule which is needed to understand the drug receptor interactions.

The increase of Oxygen Deficit in rivers used for irrigating agricultural land, aquaculture and domestic purposes is of great concern to Nigerian watershed. To determine this effect along the Nworie river,suntex model TS-2 and Hanna HIDR 83200 for physiochemical and biological water quality analysis was conducted at three random locations namely: Amakohia bridge road where biodegradable and non biodegradable wastes are discharged; Assumpta, Holy Ghost college road where municipal waste and sewage are discharged into the river; and Umezurike Hospital road where household and medical wastes are discharged. Development of the Watershed Resources Management (WRM) for the river resulted in application of Galerkin’s Weighted residual (GWR) finite element model from the lab experimented results to determine the oxygen deficits at discharged nodes (points). The oxygen deficit results at the five discretized nodes were: 2.528, 2.498, 2.395, and 2.325 and 2.252mg/l respectively. The result in this research could be applied to watershed resources management for irrigation and public health engineers in predicting the effects of water pollution on downstream users,with minimally associated errors.

Nephronophthisis (NPH) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis that progress to terminal renal failure during the second decade (juvenile form) or before the age of 5 years (infantile form). In the juvenile form, a urine concentration defect starts during the first decade, and a progressive deterioration of renal function is observed in the following years. Kidney size may be normal, but loss of cortico-medullary differentiation is often observed, and cysts occur usually after patients have progressed to end-stage renal failure.

The Subclavian Steal Syndrome is a condition in which the subclavian artery proximal to the origin of the vertebral artery is affected with stenosis or blockage. The blockage causes the reverse blood flow in the vertebral artery which is termed the "steal", because it steals blood from the cerebral circulation. Blood is drawn from the contralateral vertebral, basilar or carotid artery regions into the low-pressure ipsilateral upper limb vessels. The term subclavian steal syndrome is applied when reversed vertebral artery flow causes cerebral ischemia with associated symptoms of vertebrobasilar hypo perfusion and/or symptoms of brainstem or arm ischemia. This syndrome exists as an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of cerebral and brachial ischemia.

Normally, the adult archetype aortic arch branching variations was due to the deviation in the growth pattern of the aortic or branchial arch arteries and their associated “migration” and “merging” of their branches. Recently, it is well identified that the suspicion exists with the “bovine arch” and “Truncus bicaroticus” trunk Aortic arches, leads to sudden severe neurological complications due to the wide range of atheromatous plaques and congenital aneurysms, cause medical emergencies. Radiology reports are advised to overlook for the Bovine and Truncus bicaroticus Aortic arches, as the true silent killers for the precautionary efforts to rule out the TAA.

The present paper deals with estimation of the population mean of the study variable when the information on the auxiliary variable is known and their population parameters are known. In the past, a number of modified ratio estimators are suggested with known values for the Co-efficient of Variation, Co-efficient of Kurtosis, Co-efficient of Skewness, Population Correlation Coefficient etc. However all these modified ratio estimators are biased but with less mean squared errors compared to the usual ratio estimator. In this paper some strategies have been suggested to improve the performance of the existing modified ratio estimators, which lead to a class of almost unbiased modified ratio estimators; and their performances are better than the modified ratio estimators. These are explained with the help of numerical examples.

The research that has been done in the area of evaluation methods all seek to achieve an efficient evaluation system for employees. The purpose and expectations of an organization determine performance evaluation method. Although most researchers and human resource managers believe that comprehensive and time consuming methods provide us with more effective information, the important point is that a suitable method based on organization situation and using cost analysis must be selected. 360-degree evaluation is an evaluation method in which a list of the merits is provided and all people involved in organization including superiors, colleagues, subordinates and the individual will be asked directly and indirectly to assess somebody on the basis of the merits required. The appraisee also participates in the process of self-evaluation. The present paper aims to investigate the difference between two types of evaluation methods including 360-degree evaluation and traditional evaluation among the employees and managers of Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah Province. The study sample is composed of all staff involved in Imam Reza Hospital including 50 managers, 46 physicians and also 479 employees who were surveyed by traditional evaluation method and 360-degree evaluation method. The data obtained using independent t-test and F-statistics and multiple comparison Tukey test showed that there is a significant difference between the means of the results obtained from the traditional evaluation method and 360-degree evaluation method, and 360-degree method provides the system with the a more accurate evaluation than the traditional method.