Archives-J 

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have a great potential for the treatment of wastewater. These systems consist of beds or channels which have been planted with helophytes (water loving plants), which rely upon physical, chemical and biological processes to remove contaminants from wastewater. CWs are generally classified into two categories: surface-flow and subsurface-flow. Both the systems are capable of removing nitrogen, phosphorus, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, metals and pathogens from different types of domestic and industrial wastewaters. This paper provides a review of the mechanism of removal of contaminants from wastewaters in the root zone of constructed wetlands which includes both aerobic and anaerobic microbiological conversions, sedimentation, mineralization, chemical transformations, physicochemical adsorption, chemical precipitation and ion exchange. This technology act as a natural and low cost treatment facility for wastewaters of different origin.

In this work, a new algorithm is proposed and that can be used to construct strongly regular graphs from skew-Hadamard matrices. The proposed method is based on matrix manipulations and is similar to the construction given by Jayathilaka A.A.C.A. et al., where they considered Hadamard matrices. Two strongly regular graphs have been constructed by using skew-Hadamard matrices of order 2 and 4 and are drawn using a Java programme. Considering skew-Hadamard matrices of higher order, larger strongly regular graphs can be obtained and those can be used as networks with several nodes.

A method of constructing equireplicate Variance Balanced (VB) and Efficiency Balanced (EB) design with unequal block sizes is proposed using 2n-symmetrical factorial design by deleting the control treatment and merging all the main effects with highest order interaction separately. Further optimality of the constructed design has been checked and found it to be universally optimal.

The corona mortis, or crown of death, is described as an abnormal vascular connection between the obturator and external iliac or inferior epigastric veins or arteries located at the back of the superior pubic ramus in the space of Retzius. The corona mortis has been said to cause massive uncontrolled or profuse bleeding and even life-threatening hemorrhage. Detailed anatomical knowledge of its prevalence, variable anastomotic connections, and morphological characteristics is therefore crucial to reduce the risks of possible iatrogenic errors in surgical procedures in the pubic region, especially the ilio-inguinal approach to the acetabulum. Every surgeon dealing with superior pubic ramus fractures and acetabulum fractures needs to be aware of these anastomoses and avoid undue hemorrhage.

Creativity plays an important role in learning and life for undergraduates who major in physics. There are many factors in physics help teachers to train students’ creativity. Teachers should have advanced education ideas about physics creativity education. There are several methods to foster students' creativity in physics instruction, such as strengthen the training of creative thinking, implement experiments and scientific practices, and grasp the principles of creativity.

The purpose of this study is to design Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan for biscuit production based on real conditions in the plant. A specific model has been developed to boost the safety and quality of biscuit product in this plant. The spread of some diseases by unsafe products due to pathogen reported makes it important to pay attention to the potential contamination in biscuit production. The prerequisite programs (PRPs), operational prerequisite programs (OPRPs), standard operating procedures (SOPs), hazards identification, critical control point, preventive measure, critical limits, monitoring procedure and corrective actions have been designed in this HACCP plan. The production process of the product was also analyzed carefully for this HACCP plan.

In this work two samples of a (Pandanus amaryalifolious) leaves extracts, were exposed to sound waves length of (528 nm and 741 nm) while the third sample of the leaves was left without exposure to any sound. There was difference of absorption in each sample; these differences were detected using X-Ray Tubes Techniques. The difference of absorption showed the range of germination is not the same in the three samples. As well as the difference in the combination’s bonds of the fundamental molecular vibrations as well.

Values of dielectric constant ( ), dielectric loss ( ), relaxation time ( p), conductivity (?p) and moisture content of pulverized samples of Fenugreek were measured for different packing densities at 9.85 GHz microwave frequency and at different temperature ( 20?C, 35?C and 50?C). Experimental results on powders of different packing fractions (?r) were used to obtain transformation to 100% solid bulk using correlation formulae of Landau-Lifshitz-Looyenga and Bottcher. It is found that, there was fair agreement between the calculated values of dielectric parameters and the values obtained experimentally for solid bulk. This shows cohesion in the particles of Trigonellia Foenum-Graecum Linn. powder under investigation.

The disease of rice was studied based on their priority according to the farmers of block Akaltara of district Janjgir -Champa of Chhattisgarh. 12 randomly selected villages were visited to determine most serious disease of rice based on qualitative data collected on farm level and analyzed as result Bacterial Leaf Blight, Brown Spot, Tungro and Khaira disease is found to be most serious disease of rice while Blast, Sheath Blight, Sheath Rot, and Stem Rot some what important disease of Rice while False Smut is the disease of minor importance.

Vermiwash is coelomic fluid and vermicasting filtrate due to earthworms (Eudrillus eugenie) activity, collected through vermiwash model. For investigation of bacterial diversity and its quantity four different samples of vermiwash used. The samples are VM1- of Horse, VM2- of Pig, VM3 - of Elephant and VM4 - of Cow dung. The bacterial strains are isolated from above samples by using serial dilution, screening and spread plate method of Jensen’s, CRYMA and Nutrient agar medium. They are characterized and identified by observing morphological characters, microscopic examination and enzymatic activity. Purification of colony done by streak plate and slant streaking method. The bacterial strains identified are: From VM1- sample Pseudomonas aeroginosa ,VM2- Rhizobium spp. and Azobactor spp., VM3- Pseudomonas aeroginosa and VM4- sample Rhizobium spp. and Azobactor spp. respectively. The maximum bacterial count VM1- sample- 42 X 103 SPC/ ml, VM2- sample - 33 X 101 SPC/ ml, VM3- sample - 76 X 101 SPC/ ml, VM4- sample- 54 X 102 SPC/ ml. The bacterial flora in vermiwash very useful to regulate growth of plants with respect to nitrogen fixation and white root proliferation.