Electrical and Electronics

In this paper, an improved model for complete observability of electrical power networks in optimal PMU placement is presented. Here a goal function is introduced based on the Integer Linear Programming (ILP) to find the optimal number and position for PMUs. Hitherto, modeling of zero injection busses constraints had been a challenge due to the intrinsic nonlinearity associated with it. We show that zero injection constraints can also be modeled as linear constraints. Also in this paper, a novel and topology based method is suggested when zero injection busses are considered in power grid. The ILP approach is implemented to solve the models. The models is tested in IEEE 14, 30, 57 and 118 busses systems. The simulation results are confirmed with the schemes concluded from authoritative publications.

This paper provides the designing of mosfet with different materials and compare which material is better for the designing. In previous time the mosfet is design by the combination of silicon and silicon oxide now we are using gallium arsenide and silicon dioxide as one combination and gallium arsenide and silicon nitride as another combination.

Corona effect has been considered as a source of substantial loss particular to High Voltage AC Transmission lines. The project report presents comprehensive account of development of a Matlab Simulink based model for the Corona Effect which is designed considering Peek’s equation. The model provides analysis of Corona loss impact on Transmission power in response to the variation in the factors on which Corona effect depends upon. The transmission power has been simulated to plot Corona losses based on variation in Temperature, Conductor Radius and Conductor spacing.

This paper presents the model which is developed for single and coupled microstripline structure for both the even and odd-mode of propagation of waves. Most important and common models are: Conformal transformation model, coupled analysis model, hybrid analysis model, numerical analysis by relaxation model, even and odd-mode models, which is the outcome of the coupled line model. H.A. Wheeler derived the characteristic impedance and propagation parameters. Numerical methods are adopted by Stenelhalfer and Sylvester based on pure TEM-mode, Quasi-TEM mode and Non-TEM mode

The proposed system presents power-control strategies of a grid-connected hybrid generation system with versatile power transfer. This hybrid system allows maximum utilization of freely available renewable energy sources like wind and photovoltaic energies. For this, an adaptive MPPT algorithm along with standard perturbs and observes method will be used for the system. Also, this configuration allows the two sources to supply the load separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy sources. The turbine rotor speed is the main determinant of mechanical output from DG energy and Solar cell operating voltage in the case of output power from solar energy.The inverter converts the DC output from non-conventional energy into useful AC power for the connected load. In order to utilization distributed generation (DG) unit interfacing converters to actively compensate harmonics, this paper proposes an enhanced current control approach, which seamlessly integrates system harmonic mitigation capabilities with the primary DG power generation function. As the proposed current controller has two well- decoupled control branches to independently control fundamental and harmonic DG currents, local nonlinear load harmonic current detection and distribution system harmonic voltage detection are not necessary for the proposed harmonic compensation method. Moreover, a closed-loop power control scheme is employed to directly derive the fundamental current reference without using any phase-locked loops (PLL). The proposed power control scheme effectively eliminates the impacts of steady-state fundamental current tracking errors in the DG units. Thus, an accurate power control is realized even when the harmonic compensation functions are activated hybrid system operates under normal conditions which include normal room temperature in the case of solar. The simulation results are presented to illustrate the operating principle, feasibility and reliability of this proposed system.

A small size low profile microstrip patch antenna with different shape configuration like L, U and E- shape is presented here. Slot insertion causes size reduction which increases the bandwidth and return loss. So here we will see the performance of bandwidth enhancement and return loss by graphical analysis of different value. This paper reviews the performance analysis of compact and small planar monopole antenna with symmetrical L and U- shaped slots for wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide Interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) (2014). Circularly polarized arrowhead shaped slotted microstrip antenna (2014), small UWB Planar Monopole Antenna with Added GPS/GSM/WLAN Bands (2012). Application of characteristic mode to commonly used circular polarized U-slot and E-shaped patch antenna (2012). Bandwidth enhancement of a polarization reconfigurable antenna with stair slots on the ground (2014). This paper also discusses the technology incorporated in order to bring about the required change in terms of improved performance. The performances of the antenna are compared along with measured and simulated result.

This paper focuses on the design of multi-element micro strip patch antenna array applicable to WLAN/MIMO at 2.4 GHz. Obviously, the performance of multi-element antenna system depends critically on the proper design of the arrays. In this paper design and simulation of 4x1 micro strip patch array with software IE3D is discussed. The performance of array have been compared with that of a single element micro strip patch antenna .Also the effect of mutual coupling of array elements on its performance is discussed .To reduce surface wave propagation, implementation of EBG substrate is discussed.

The aim of the paper is proposed to reduce the electrical power demand in domestic and industrial sectors. Through this technique the power supply is controlled and supplied is achieved. The electric supply is turned off when it crosses above the threshold power level; this switching is done with the help of relays. The power measurement is done with the help of power measuring circuit which is connected across the supply and to the microcontroller in which the programs are embedded. The ZigBee is employed to control and communicate with the power outlets. By using IR remote controller the various power outlets can be electrically ON and OFF condition. Using this technique the various power loads can be cutoff in priority wise.

Today the world is moving faster. In this there is no time to serve the loving disabled in their family. Even though any care taker stays with them to help, they could not serve them heartily, especially during eating. During eating everyone will take their own time to chew the food. Someone might chew it faster and someone may consume more time. The care taker cannot serve them by spending their time with them. For providing freedom of eating to the disabled, a feeding system is designed for them. This research paper deals with the proposal to facilitate the feeding problem for physically challenged person. The “Automatic Food Feeder” has a conveyor belt with attached spoon to take the food from the parabolic bowl. It is in turn connected to an AC servo motor controlled by ATMEGA32 microcontroller. The user gives the instruction through the microcontroller and the servo motor rotates at a particular angle which is preset and hence the spoon takes the food from the bowl and comes to a position perpendicular to the user, so that the user can have their food at ease. This system gives freedom of eating to the disabled. Indeed this system will help the physically challenged person to rely on themselves instead of depending on others. Moreover the physically challenged can have food with their family members in dining table as like normal person.

Our paper is divided into two parts compression technique and block matching algorithms. Set Partitioning in Hierarchal Trees (SPIHT) and Spatial orientation tree Wavelet (STW ) are Compression technique and Adaptive Rood Pattern Search is a block matching algorithm. Usually medical images are generated from different –different image diagnostic centers. For fast transmission, reception and to reduce the storage capacities we do compression with better picture quality. SPIHT and STW are compared in terms of Compression ratio (CR) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) .For better Compression Ratio and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio we used STW and SPIHT respectively. ARPS consumed less Time among all other existing algorithms.