Electrical and Electronics

In this Paper a new Max. Power point tracking algorithm is used for PV array. The algorithm which is based on the mathematical calculation based MATLAB used to detect the max. Power point. Software (PSIM, MATLAB) dedicated to the simulation of the photovoltaic system can realize the extensive and precise analysis, but they are generally do not allow the modify the algorithm. Software includes the models of the solar panels, battery and investor, solar radiation.

Images containing faces are essential to intelligent vision-based human computer interaction, and research efforts in face processing include face recognition, face tracking, pose estimation, and expression recognition. The rapidly expanding research in face processing is based on the premise that information about a user’s identity, state, and intent can be extracted from images and that computers can then react accordingly, e.g., by knowing person’s identity, person may be authenticated to utilize a particular service or not. A first step of any face processing system is registering the locations in images where faces are present. However, face registration for whole database is a challenging task because of variability in scale, location, orientation (up-right, rotated), and pose (frontal, profile). Facial expression, occlusion, and lighting conditions also change the overall appearance of face. The Image registration algorithm will register all these images present in the database. The face recognition algorithm which is insensitive to large variation in lighting direction and facial expression is to be implemented. Taking a pattern classification approach, each pixel in an image can be considered as a coordinate in a high-dimensional space. The advantage of this is that the images of a particular face, under varying illumination but fixed pose, lie in a 3D linear subspace of the high dimensional image space—if the face is a Lambertian surface. However, since faces are not truly Lambertian surfaces and do indeed produce self-shadowing images will deviate from this linear subspace. Rather than explicitly modeling this deviation, project the image into a subspace in such a manner which discounts those regions of the face with large deviation. This is achieved by using dimension reduction techniques like Principal component analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant analysis (LDA), Laplacian faces, and other modified approaches like A Priori Laplacian and PCDA.

There are lots of nonlinear formulas in mathematics and physics and there are, many types of solitons to talk over. This revision is dedicated to the straight technical particulars of how to produce soliton solution of Maxwell's equations and intensive confirmation is placed on mathematical report analysis. The quasi-stationary state waveguides has been founded and with a small deviation from equilibrium, we measured and advanced a solution for a formula. Classical parting of parameters is presented with a special B.C. is introduced on a slab waveguide to obtain a general form of solution of the coordinates x, y z.

Over the last three decades of the 20th century, gross domestic product per capita, exponential growth in mobile technology and population growth were the main drivers of increases in global warming and climate change. Industrial revolution and electronics, information and communication technology products have altered the landscape of modern society in countless ways, in office, at home and on mobility. However, they have created and added a new source of heat generation and emission into environment due to consumer electronics products. In spite of recent studies indicating possible threats to global climate, there is no long term data available on the amount of heat generated, emitted and dissipated into environment by cell phones. The aim of this research work is to experimentally measure the heat generated by cell phones during on(sleep/Idle) mode, Rx and Tx modes. The experiments were conducted using specially fabricated four decimal digit temperature measurement test instrument. Population and cell phones projections for India, China, USA and the whole world were also included in this research work for 2050. An attempt is made to indicate amount of heat generated, emitted and dissipated into environment by India, China, USA and entire world by cellular mobiles at present and projections for 2050.

Water supply payment system is old fashioned has many problem and need improvement. In this paper a new approach was designed that is based on pay method where you buy amount of water in advance. Water companies have difficulties in accessing conventional water meters in remote places. Inefficiency is increased with growing number of population .It has high cost and difficulties in delivering water bills. This paper discusses a pre-paid SMS based water dispensing system that solves these problems by allowing the amount of flow of water pre-paid to pass through based on low cost intelligent control system that uses microcontroller, solenoid valve, turbine flow meter and GSM server. This system accurately controls the amount of water paid for in advance without human intervention or need for conventional water meters by turning solenoid valve on and allowing certain amount of water to pass through the flow meter until credit expires shutting the solenoid valve. The software application provides real time information about the credit left and quantity of water consumed both locally on LCD and remotely by SMS server as well as date and time and validity of credit if applicable.

In this proposed work a new technique has been developed for reducing total harmonic distortion using THREE PHASE HARMONIC FILTER and PHASE LOOK LOOP (PLL) technique in HVDC system .This work model implemented in simulation work. Harmonic filter are shunt elements that are used in power systems for decreasing voltage distortion and for power factor correction .Nonlinear elements such as power electronic converters generate harmonic currents or harmonics voltages which are injected into power system. The resulting distorted currents flowing through system impedance produce harmonic voltage distortion. Harmonic filters reduce distortion by diverting harmonic currents in low impedance paths. Harmonic filters are designed to be capacitive at fundamental frequency, so that they are also used for producing reactive power required by converters and for power factor correction. Phase Lock Loop technique is used for harmonic reduction of the system and improving power quality of the hole system. Phase Lock Loop is synthesize the new frequency. In this system reactive power compensation is doing by the two types of compensation devices are shunt compensation and series compensation.

Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbines have arisen as the leading technologies in wind power market as they offer a variable-speed, economically viable and efficient alternative to the fossil fuel. The present paper comprises of a wind energy conversion system which is simulated using two level pulse width modulation (PWM) converter as well as three level (PWM) converter and their performance under normal and fault conditions are compared. It is observed that multi-level inverters generate purer sinusoidal voltage with reduced total harmonic distortion thus bringing an improvement in the quality of generated power.

This paper presents power flow analysis of radial and meshed distribution systems taking into consideration of uncertain variations in load and line parameters. Interval arithmetic technique is used to model the power flow equations of distribution system to obtain the bus voltages and line active and reactive power flows. INTLAB Toolbox [14] is used to obtain the Hull of voltage profiles, line active and reactive power flows and line losses. Here we have studied the case of voltage profile, which is the key factor in deciding the active and reactive power flows in each line. The developed algorithm has been studied by considering Radial Distribution test systems of 15-Bus, 30-Bus, 33-Bus and 69-Bus available in the literature. The authors have verified the results obtained by the respective test systems with the developed algorithm for base case load and line data. The developed algorithm is easily modifiable to study the weakly meshed distribution system and this has been demonstrated for 33-Bus and 69-Bus test systems for which the Hull voltage profiles have been presented.

Advancement in the field of embedded system and VLSI has induced the researcher in designing low power embedded systems and VLSI circuit design. The embedded systems are mostly batteries operated in nature. The power loss during static, dynamic and switching characteristics are tabulated. The switching nature in cmos constitutes a large value of power loss during the switching condition. Many research papers have been proposed in reducing the switching loss, and low power estimation, this paper clearly demonstrates the comparison of them. The main features of the dominated design techniques and methodologies of transistor level, gate level, RTL level, behavior level and system level are reviewed. The corresponding advantages and drawbacks, as well as comparisons between the techniques and the methodologies are also presented. The low-power design process such as transistor level, gate level, RTL level, behavior level and system-level models are explained.

One of the key issues in assessing the reliability of power systems. Studies and projects to improve the reliability of the distribution network has mostly been focused on changing the structure of the distribution system or transmission the Executive them even more expensive and is not available. In this work, the development of DG units in distribution networks the presence of these materials ensure that the indicators qabylt distribution network will pay. In this thesis, the main goal of distributed production system effects on the reliability of the system with regard to limitations related parameters such as voltage profiles and losses in the distribution network. Concepts and indicators of the reliability of the network and the ongoing impact of DG units on the reliability of the distribution network will be investigated. Finally, the intelligent ant colony algorithm to determine the optimal location generation units in order to achieve the best reliability indices by including restrictions have been charged. The proposed algorithm is tested on 34 bus IEEE network simulation, simulated and results are compared.