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Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome (RPLS) is generally a rare complication, little-known, and remains probably under-diagnosed. Its causes and favorable factors are numerous. Eclampsia is widely one of those factors. The diagnosis is raised based on clinical and radiological signs and an adequate and early management usually help prevent the occurrence of irreversible sequels.

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common emergency and can be a serious condition that requires hospitalization, rapid evaluation and management. The usual presentation is hematemesis (vomiting of blood or coffee ground-like material) and/or melena (black, tarry stools). UGIB occurs more commonly in men and older subjects. Peptic ulcers are the most common cause of UGIB. Esophago-Gastro-Duodenoscopy (EGD) is a primary diagnostic and therapeutic modality in the setting of UGIB. This study aims to evaluate causes and outcomes of UGIB in the emergency. Material and methods: monocentric study conducted from January 2019 to January 2024. Were included all patients hospitalized by our Unit for a UGIB as : hematemesis and/or melena and/or hematochesia with severe anemia or hemodynamic instability. All patiennts had an oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) to find the cause of bleeding and for a therapeutic approach when possible. Results: A total of 737 individuals underwent UGE for UGIB during the study period. Mean age was 56,3 years and 58,7% of patients were male. Among all patients, 17.3% reported consumption of NSAIDs and 21,4% were taking anti-thrombotics. The most frequent presenting symptom was isolated melena in 37,8% followed by melena associated with hematemesis in 31,4%, isolated hematemesis in 27,4% and abundant hematochezia in 3,4%. Hemodynamic instability was seen in 24,5% of patients. Ulcers were the most common cause of bleeding seen in 36,9% : duodenal in 23% of the patients and gastric in 13,9%. 59% of those ulcers were classified Forrest III. Esophageal and fundal varices were found in 19,8% of the cases. The other causes of bleeding were : oesophagitis in 12,2% of the patients, gastritis (including gastric erosions) in 10%, gastric or duodenal neoplasm in 9,3%, vascular anomaly in 2,2% and postoperative in 1,6%. The oesogastroduodenoscopy was normal in 8% of the patients. Regarding therapeutic interventions, 41,5% had undergone therapeutic endoscopy. Conclusion: UGIB is a frequent cause of hospitalization in the emergency. EGD has a diagnostic as well as therapeutic role in UGIB .In this study endoscopy provided diagnosis in 92% of patients. We found duodenal ulcers as the most common cause of upper GI bleeding followed by gastric ulcers, and clean based ulcers were the most common type of peptic ulcers. Varices are an important cause of massive variceal bleed. NSAIDs and anti-thrombotics are important factors for UGIB.

Nephrogenic metaplasia is a benign tumor characterized by urothelial tubulo - papillary structures. It is also called nephrogenic adenoma . It is a benin lesion and highly prone to recurrency. We report a case of a bladder nephrogenic metaplasia of a 65 years old patient with hematuria and POLLAKIURIA. Clinical examination was normal . Ultrasonography showed a circumferential thickening bladder , while cystoscopy showed a tumor at the dome and the right side. A transurethral resection of the bladder was performed. Histological study concluded at the existence of nephrogenic metaplasia of the bladder mucosa . The evolution was favorable and postoperative controls, including cystoscopy and intravenous urography (IVU ) at 1, 3 and 6 months were normal.

Colic metaplasia of the bladder urothelium is a rare benign tumor. It is most often asymptomatic and discovered in a prolonged chronic inflammatory context. However, there are some rare proliferative forms with a polypoid aspect more or less exuberant. We report a case of colonic metaplasia of the bladder mucosa producing a pseudo-tumoral appearance, with review of the literature.

Now in a days, there is a vast use of images in many applications. Today duplication of any digital items or multimedia have become very easy task. So digital image watermarking technique becomes the best solution for the protection of illicit operation. In this technique some kind of secret data is embedded to the cover image and this information is used for the authentication purpose. In this paper a combined DCT-DWT based watermarking algorithm is proposed in which the secret data is hidden to the lower frequency band of the cover image.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is characterized by transient systolic dysfunction of LV apical midventricular segments in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. Inverted Takotsubo is a very rare variant in which a patient’s transthoracic echocardiogram that we report revealed the characteristic basal and midventricular segmental kinetic disorders. The non-association with coronary artery disease can be differentiated with the use of echography by evaluating the temporal changes of akinetic areas and coronarography by showing the normality of the coronary arteries

The growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) presented new challenges for medical humanitarian aid and little was known about primary health care approaches for these diseases in humanitarian response. We aimed to evaluate UNHCR’s use of total CVD risk based prevention strategies amongst refugees in Morocco to identify opportunities to improve total CVD risk based guidance for humanitarian settings. We evaluated CVD risk assessment and management in two outpatient NCD clinics in Morocco using a mixed methods design with qualitative and quantitative strands of equal priority, Integrate during data collection and interpretation during three years. We reviewed the clinical records of 400 patients. The number of consultations has increased by half between 2016 and 2018. The average age of the patients was 48 +/- 12.6 with a predominance of patients in the age group between 40 and 50. The sex ratio was 1,7 of men, the majority of patients consulted once time, the country of origin was Syria in 40% of cases, the most risk factor founded was hypertension in almost 70% of case, a history of coronary artery disease was present in almost 6% of cases, chest pain was the most frequent reason for consultation followed by headache, and the diagnosis was arterial hypertension in 58% of cases followed by ischemic heart disease In 26% of cases. All patients underwent a complete clinical examination, with an electrocardiogram based on the indications; echocardiography was performed in 37% of patients and coronarography in 10% with surgery in 1.5% and catheter intervention in 1.5% of cases. Most patients had at least one medical treatment to take. The high prevalence of unhealthy behaviors and risk factors for Heart disease in refugee groups might be a lifestyle remnant from their country of birth or might be brought about by a stressful migration and acculturation into a new social and cultural environment. Nevertheless, it is important in primary healthcare to be aware of a possible preventable increased risk of unhealthy behaviors and risk factors for heart disease in some immigrants.

Tracheoesophageal fistulas (TOF) are a rare but sometimes a severe complication of tracheotomy. Their clinical presentations, of varying severity, usually involve several symptoms. The diagnostic procedure always combines chest x-rays looking for a pneumothorax, a pneumomediastinum or an aerogastry, and bronchial fibroscopy which determines the location, size and potential severity of the lesion. Therapeutic management is based on surgical repair. Prevention of TOF is important and must represent the real treatment.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by bilateral pulmonary lesions and poor lung compliance. Its basic treatment is mechanical ventilation. However, this last can lead to serious complications, including pulmonary barotrauma. Barotrauma is favored both by the underlying pulmonary pathology and by the use of excessive pressures delivered by the ventilator. The incidence of barotrauma during ARDS no longer exceeds 10% since the advent of tidal volume reduction and plateau pressure limitation.

Avulsion fractures of the tibial tuberosity are uncommon. There occur in well-developed, muscular athletic male individuals nearing skeletal maturity. The authors present a case of an 15-year-old boy who has a type IIB avulsion-fracture of the tibial tubercle. Surgical treatment gives an excellent outcome. We compare it with the literature.

In this study coal fly ash (CFA) which is the waste product of coal fired power plant is used as an adsorbent for adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution in packed bed column. The effect of bed height (7.5, 13.5, 27.5 cm), effect of flow rate (0.375, 0.75 and 1.0 ml/min) and initial phenol concentration (70.0, 292.7, 651.2, 1039.9 mgL-1) on the adsorption were studied by assessing the breakthrough curve. Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models were used to evaluate the column performance. The result shows that with increase in flow rate, break point time decreases while the values of maximum adsorption capacity (q0) decreased and the Thomas constant (KTh) increased. As the bed height and initial concentration increases, break point time increases with bed height but decreases with initial concentration but q0 increased while KTh decreased. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 5.90 mg/g at 1.0 ml/min flow rate and 27.5 cm bed height with phenol concentration of 1039.9 mg/L. Key words: Coal fly ash, Phenol, packed bed column, adsorption, Thomas and Yoon Nelson model.

The Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) is composed of cement, fine and coarse aggregates and discontinuous discrete steel fibers. In tension SFRC fails only after the steel fiber breaks or pulled out of the cement matrix. The composite nature of SFRC is responsible for its properties in freshly mixed and hardened state. The mechanical properties of SFRC are depending on type of fiber, aspect ratio, volume fraction of fibers and the size of the aggregates. SFRC transfer stresses across a cracked section which increases toughness of concrete in hardened state. This paper invistigate the behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete for compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength, using different types of steel fibers and different aspect ratio.

This paper presents a microcontroller based series parallel resonant converter suitable for the single stage single phase power factor correction circuits. The performance of the proposed converter is improved from no-load up to full-load. The steady state characteristics of the proposed converter are developed and a design example is given in detail. The proposed converter allows zero voltage switching at any loading condition with a reasonable power factor and with a promising efficiency. Simulation and experimental results verify the analysis made and the design specifications.

We propose a novel method based on artificial neural network (ANN) for beam position calculation and fault diagnosis of beam position monitors (BPM) in electron storage rings. BPM are diagnostic devices used to determine position of stored electron beam in storage rings. BPM commonly uses four button type electrodes as sensors to sense the electric field of electron beam circulating in storage ring. A mathematical polynomial of suitable degree is generally used to compute beam position from the button electrode signals of the BPM when beam excursions are large from the design orbit. The coefficients of the polynomial are derived from the bench calibration data of BPM. In the proposed new method, a neural network predicts the position of electron beam using four electrode signals of a BPM. A feed-forward network with three hidden layers using backpropagation training algorithm has been designed and trained with the bench calibration data of each BPM. The beam position predicted by the network was compared with conventional polynomial method. Neural network based method was tested on the BPM of 2.5 GeV electron synchrotron radiation source named Indus-2 at Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, India. The root mean square (rms) error in neural network predicted beam position in horizontal plane and vertical plane was 24 and 26 microns respectively as compared with 100 and 101 microns with first polynomial and 61 and 66 microns with second polynomial in the central region of ± 5 mm on bench calibration data. The reliability of beam position measurement was assured by another neural network by doing self consistency check. In this paper we present architecture, training of neural network and improvement in beam position measurement in comparison with polynomial method.

Digital image processing is now increasingly being used in electron accelerators to characterize electron beam. Measurement of electron beam parameters like beam size, beam centroid with high accuracy is required to optimize accelerator performance. Measurement accuracy of these parameters using digital image processing is limited by the noise present in the images. Reduction of noise without altering the features present in the image is a desired goal of image processing. In this paper we evaluate the noise reduction capability of median, mean, gaussian and wiener filters from digital images of electron beam image. The images were collected from Transport Line-1 in Indus Accelerator Complex at Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT), Indore, India. We also evaluate the effect of these filters on the measurement accuracy of beam parameters like beam size and beam centroid. It has been observed that performance of median filter for noise reduction is better than mean, gaussian and wiener filter. Median filter also creates less distortion in beam size and centroid of the beam in comparison with other filters.

Array patterns depends on type of elements, spacing between the elements and length of the array etc., conventionally elements are spaced at ?/2 in an array. However, in this paper we are made to generate the normalized radiation patterns for different spacing and different types of elements. It has been possible to control the radiation pattern by controlling the spacing between the elements. The arrays considered contain non-identical elements with non-uniform spacing. The results are useful for design of arrays to produce low side lobes for EMI suppression.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a significant idea of another innovation era. It is a dream that allows the sensors or implanted gadgets to be interconnected over the Internet. The up and coming IoT will be significantly exhibited by the tremendous amount of heterogeneous organized installed gadgets that create seriously "Huge information". Immensely a lot of information is being gathered today by numerous associations and in a persistent raise. It ends up being computationally wasteful to break down such gigantic information. The amount of the accessible crude information has been developing an exponential scale. In an enormous database, the important data is covered up. The new grew Big information methods can deal with numerous difficulties that face information investigation and can remove profitable data. This study demonstrates the investigation of IoT and Big information. The study talks about Big information on IoT and how it is made. Numerous IoT existing, future application and an assortment of IoT advances whether wired or remote are seen. Difficulties and procedures that fathom these issues are talked about and the design of IoT is watched.

In a time that various moral schools boasted in the west, 'hedonism' school did its work outstandingly more than others. Plato that knew ethics as a category of 'aesthetic and beauty' and Aristotle school that introduced moderation as a moral pattern and moral data filled everywhere; Immanuel Kant's moral school (1724-1804), famous and great German philosopher, stepped onto the arena and with a new speculation caused a revolution in thinking world and plane of ethics that it has been compared to Copernican revolution in the world of the heavens. By establishing metaphysic and categorical doctrine and deontology in plane of ethics he introduced moral action in acting according to intent and fulfillment of responsibility of conscience and he believed that because reason is a general endowment therefore rules and laws should be general. But it is important to know that what rules and laws of reasons are and how they can be obtained. Kant spoke about reality, law and social relations beyond evaluation of reason, action and reaction of human's wisdom. He knew that reality and law after criticism and analysis of wisdom and thought are recognizable and constant. From this viewpoint, Kant believed that human makes his aim and has a natural value that undoubtedly distinguishes him from other creatures. The writer intends to criticize and analyze some moral opinions of Kant from his philosophical viewpoint in moral plane and state of human attainment to real perfection and felicity in the shadow of practical reason.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between organizational commitment and personal qualities of staff of Imam Khomeini Hospital Islamabadgharb, was performed. Types of research according to purpose, applicability, and the nature and methods, descriptive. Population, all staff of Imam Khomeini Hospital of Islamabadgharb, 140 persons, of which, according to the formula for calculating sample size of farmers and Morgan (1970 ), 103, as the sample was selected. The measurement tool is the questionnaire, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.846, proven reliability, and validity of, according to experts, has been approved. To analyze the results, the test t, for independent samples, and ANOVA, and univariate linear regression to evaluate the hypotheses used. The results of the analysis results show that, significant relationship between organizational commitment and age, gender, and educational level do not exist only between organizational commitment and service experience, a significant correlation is observed.

Amaranthus hybridus and Adansonia digitata leaves were analysed for their proximate and mineral elements (potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium) using standard methods of food analysis. Ash contents of 19.72±0.5 and 10.63±0.2% for both samples revealed that they are good mineral source. 35.30±6.3 and 45.44±8.1% of carbohydrate concentrations obtained resulted in high energy values. Potassium has the highest concentration among the mineral elements analysed with 1133±4.50 and 892±3.10mg/100g, followed by calcium with 737±2.30 and 1042±6.20mg/100g for the leaves of Amaranthus hybridus and Adansonia digitata respectively. However, the ratio of sodium to potassium values obtained from the two leafy vegetables in this study indicated that they could possibly serve to reduce high blood pressure diseases in the human body. Nutrient density (ND) greater than 100% recorded for all the elements indicated that vegetables of our study can serve as source of supplement for these mineral elements.

Exchange rate exposure of UK listed oil and gas companies was examined against four major currencies; Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, Euro and US dollar by applying Adler and Dumas (1984) estimation model. The final sample of the study consists of (17) firms. (100%) of the sample firms exhibit significant negative exposure to US dollar indicating a decrease in stock returns of these firms, all the companies’ exhibit significant positive exposure to Australian dollar, 88% of the sample firms exhibits significant positive exposure to Canadian dollar. Major findings from the study reveals that oil and gas sector in UK is highly vulnerable to exchange rate risk particularly against US, Australian and Canadian dollar.

This essay has attempted to investigate the basic concerns and requirements of blind and visually impaired translators. Following such necessities, the major instruments and technologies designed to fulfil them have also been examined. The researcher has interviewed with two individuals poor in vision, one being a translator and the other having studied translation in the university. Each individual was asked six questions. Their responses to the researcher’s questions were examined to draw conclusions in order to answer the research questions. The most important concern of these translators is the Persian dimension of translation process. Their major requirements include such instruments as accessible computers, high-quality scanners, specific software capable of verbalizing such visual elements as tables, diagrams, figures, etc., accessible dictionaries and databases, and such issues as appropriate financial and occupational status.

The world population is composed of a large number of people heterogeneous in several dimensions such as age, gender, social class, educational level, political and economic status, abilities and disabilities, and so forth. The dimension of abilities and disabilities has led to formation of various groups of individuals including the group of blind people. Translation is one of the professions maintained by many blind individuals resulting in formation of such a sub-group as blind translators. Blind translators, like other translators, perform different translation-related tasks, one of which is ‘diagram translation’, the main focus of this paper. This essay investigates different aspects of diagram translation by blind people. Major ‘accommodations and assistive technologies’ used by blind individuals including screen-readers, speech synthesizers, OCR technology, and Braille devices are the primary points discussed. Basic computerized systems designed exclusively for the purpose of diagram translation by such individuals are the next points covered in this paper. A significant categorization of electronic accessibility devices (based on the media of representation through either haptic or audio) with major innovations in each category are other points mentioned here. The researcher indicates various strong and weak points of these applications and technologies and makes comparisons between them in order to suggest blind translators the best options in accordance with their aims and necessities.

Dihydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(3H)-one has been prepared in two steps from galactose. The first step potassium-2,3,4,5-tetrahedroxypentanoate was obtained in 64% yield and the title compound has been isolated in next step with 75% yield. The structures of the products were characterized by IR, 1H, 13C, mass and microanalysis study.

The fishing sector contributes to development and growth in many countries, playing an important role for food security and nutrition, poverty reduction, employment, economic development and trade, fisheries and aquaculture provided livelihoods and income for an estimated 54.8 million people engaged in the primary sector of fish production in 2011. The marine fisheries of Somalia have generally held an important position in the Somali economy and culture. Somalia has a large coastline, covering 3,300 kilometers and a corresponding Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covering 39, 000 kilometers. In 1990, prior to the collapse of the Somali government, fisheries contributed 2 percent of the overall Gross Domestic Product (GDP), an estimated $15 million USD per annum, while providing over 18,000 tons of fish for human consumption. The research explores the role of fishers and aquaculture for sustainable development, economic growth and global food security. To determine employment in the fishing industry leads to economic development and the role of fishing in poverty alleviation in Somalia. Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of Somalis economy, the principal exports Somalia's Livestock are fish, charcoal, and bananas. Fisheries play an important role in the economy of Somalia in expanding food supply, raising nutritional level, generating employment, and in earning foreign exchange, in order to increase production of fisher industries. It is of this shortage of empirical evidence on the role of fishing in poverty alleviation that the study intends to reveal the role of fishing in economic development of Somalia as this will guide policy formulation on fishing.

Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) has been used to determine the Ca, Fe and Zn content in eight sorghum and maize cultivars. The phytate content is also determined together with the phytate/mineral molar ratios in order to estimate the inhibitory effect of phytate on the bioavailability of these minerals. The results obtained indicated high phytate/mineral molar ratio and suggest thus that reduced and possible non-bioavailability of the minerals may be incited. Nonetheless the [CaxPh]:Zn ratios suggests that the cereal cultivars are a good source of the minerals and that processing of the cereals would improve bioavailability of the mineral.

Food substances worthy of consumption have nutritive values of great dietary effect which in the first place attract people to eat them. As they contain the required nutrients, they also may contain some anti-nutritive substances which may or may not be in trace amounts. In this study sixteen commercial baby foods, comprising five different brands, available on the Ghanaian market have been analysed for their anti-nutrients content (oxalate and cyanogenic glycoside) adopting the method of Andrew and Visser (1951) and the Official Methods, (AOAC 915.03, 17^th Ed) together with their mineral Fe and Zn content using the method of Hernandez et al. (2004) with modification.  The total oxalate concentration levels in the 16 selected cereal brand baby food products ranged from 0.08 to 0.27 mg/g. The HCN concentration levels in the 16 selected cereal brand baby food products ranged from 0.07 to 0.36 mg/g. The concentration levels of Fe and Zn in the brand samples ranged between 24.12-220.76 mg/kg and 0.82-33.88 mg/kg respectively. The concentration levels ranged between 1.67-12.88 mg of total oxalate per serving for BFN-3 (rice based product) and BFB-2 (milk and honey based product) respectively whilst that of cyanogenic glycoside is 1.96-17.06 mg per serving for BFF-1(Lactea based product) and BFN-1 (fiber based product) respectively. Fe concentration levels ranging between 0.68-4.41mg per serving for BFC-3 (fruit and wheat based product) and BFN-4 (oat based product) respectively whilst that of Zn is 0.01- 1.15 mg per serving for BFBN-3 (muesli with apple) and BFN-3 (rice based product). Fourteen of the 16 cereal brand baby foods contained less than 10 mg oxalate per serving, defined as a low oxalate food. Differences in anti-nutritional factors within the brands were observed. The results of the analysis suggest that  oat based product, appear to offer better nutritional value partly due to its low ANF coupled with its relatively high mineral iron content.

The trend of the integration of trade and investment makes many inconsistent conclusions of the research on the relationship between economic growth and single trade or foreign direct investment. The combinability of industry internationalization patterns, for import, export and FDI of inflow and outflow, as well as their dynamic evolution law determines the nonlinear characteristic of internationalization growth effect. By putting the four internationalization patterns into a uniform production function and using Zhejiang manufacturing industry data of the year from 2002 to 2008, this paper does an empirical research on the non-linear relationship between the growth of Zhejiang manufacturing industry and the three kinds of internationalization patterns, namely, import, FDI and export. It is indicated that there exists a U-shaped relationship between Zhejiang manufacturing industry growth and the dependence of import and FDI, while an inverted U-shaped relationship between Zhejiang manufacturing industry growth and export dependence. In the present Zhejiang manufacturing industry, export can promote the growth of most manufacturing industry. But import and FDI are not conducive to the growth. The future internationalization development should enhance export and FDI level to exceed its critical value. Besides, export of most industry need to prevent the excessive growth and overleap the critical value of growth promotion too early. It’s concluded that now China government must adjust the policy of export, import and FDI and consider the differentiation between different industries.

Financial crisis have led to sharp fluctuations of China’s foreign trade and foreign direct investment (FDI), which in no doubt exert a profound influence on the stabilizing effect of China’s economic growth. As trade and FDI are the primary impetuses of China’s economic growth, will this kind of growth effect fall dramatically during financial crisis? Utilizing data on China’s 36 industrial sectors, this paper conducts panel data regressions in terms of two stages - periods before and after financial crisis, and in terms of classification on the different degree of revealed comparative advantage(RCA). The result shows that financial crisis doesn’t weaken the economic growth effect of trade and FDI; instead, it strengthen the high efficiency of trade and FDI firms and the crowding out effect on other firms; In the group with higher RCA, the direct economic promotion of trade and FDI is stronger in post-crisis period than that in pre-crisis period, while in the group with lower RCA, the result is totally reversed. It demonstrates that financial crisis strengthens the efficiency advantage and resource reallocation effect of trade and FDI. From this point, the steady growth of trade and FDI is more important than enlarging domestic demand and investment to the stabilizing effect of economic growth.

The concept paper discusses the implementation of green skills through co-curricular activities among students of Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET) in line with a more sustainable industrial development towards sustainable social, economic and environmental. Implementation of green skills is assessed by its importance in education and training through co-curriculum activities as a proactive step towards a more green industrial practices benefit not only to the economy but also to support social and environmental sustainability. According to the literature, there are problems that arise due to the lack of industry awareness of the importance of the adoption of green technologies that will ultimately affect the environment. Accordingly, this article also stated that generic green skills needed by green industries as an effective method to ensure that no conflict or consistency in the implementation of green skills in TVET through co-curriculum activities towards development of green industries.

Researches on cassava brown streak diseasis (CBSD) were conducted in North Kivu province. The study aimed to determine incidence and severity of cassava brown streak diseasis, evaluate whitefly abundance and infection origin. Incidence was evaluated using the proportion of damaged cassava plants by the disease and the severity was determined on leaves and stems using score ranging from 1 to 5. Whiteflies counting were done on the five first apical leaves. Infection origin was determined considering symptom appearence apical leaves (origin from whitefly) and on lower leaves (origin from infected cutting). Results show that cassava brown streak diseas is in really present in north Kivu province with incidence reaching 26% and a severity of score 2 from the entire surveyed district. Incidence ranged from 2% with a severity of score 2 in Nyiragongo district up to 39% with a score of 2 in both Beni and Rutshuru district. Observed symptom proportions on stems were higher in Rutshuru (39%) but lower in Nyiragongo (2%). Whitefly population was high in Nyiragongo (37 whiteflies/cassava plant) but lower in Beni (5 whiteflies/cassava plant). Infection proportion due to whiteflies was of 1% in Rutshuru and 13 % in Masisi, while those from infected cutting as planting materials were of 4 % in Rutshuru and 47 % in Lubero

As an intrinsic property of natural materials, land surface emissivity (LSE) is an important surface parameter and surface emissivity estimation is a significant factor for the land surface temperature estimation from remotely sensed data. Public domain data are available from the newly operational Landsat-8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). Vegetation coverage has a significant influence on the LSE distribution. In this study, emissivity values of bands 10 and 11 have been calculated based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) method. The NDVI thresholds values have been determined to separate the bare soil, fully vegetated and mixed areas. Then using a regression relation, the values of emissivity of the bare soil samples and mixed area have been derived. A constant value of emissivity is also used for the fully vegetated area.

In this paper a power and area efficient design of 32:1 tree type multiplexer has been designed by hybridizing GDI and PTL techniques. Multiplexer circuit using this technique consumes less power in comparison to the CMOS, TG and other logic design techniques. The proposed design consists of 63 NMOS and 31 PMOS. At 1.2 V power supply the proposed MUX design consumes 47.093 ?W power on BSIM-4 and 47.09 ?W power on LEVEL-3 with simulation length of 5n. The proposed multiplexer is designed and simulated using DSCH 3.1 and MICROWIND 3.1 on 180nm.

A. rohituka is highly valued tree species for the humans, environment and forestry. The tree is distributed some parts of India but now it is endangered species in many areas in the country. This tree belongs to Meliaceae family. Twin, triple, four and five shoot seedling is one of the abnormalities of seedling which produce single embryo in a seed. This could be due to some developmental errors that occur in the seed. A. rohituka have only one embryo per seed and it produced into one seedling. I had recorded 35 % seeds of A. rohituka produced twin, triple, four and five shoot seedlings. In this research paper studies, Germination, seedlings behaviour and four months growth status were recorded in A. rohituka. These are study parameters, germination percentage, abnormal seedlings percentage, seedling behaviour and growth status at 120 days after germination period. I had recorded two shoot seedlings survival at only early stages (within 60 days) of development but triple, four, five shoot seedlings not survive of A. rohituka. It was observed first time growth status of abnormal seedlings in A. rohituka. This research paper utility in various fields such as forestry, agriculture, environment, genetics, and embryology.

The project named ‘RFID Based E-Document Verification Using Cloud’ proposes to make the E-Document Verification the new technology to reduce the human efforts for getting the documents from certain institutes and even from Government offices. It provides an easy access to the document generation even if the document is lost or misplaced. Radio Frequency Identification is the hardware concept to provide small RFID tags to the user with the electromagnetic waves and produce the signals to it and then access the data. In this project we have implemented the concept of Networking using java and the web application. The project aims at making the document verification and accessing very easy and saving a lot of time and energy and commotion among users.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of favoritism and organizational politics on job satisfaction in public sector organizations of Pakistan. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data. 250 Questionnaires were distributed to full time employees of 15 public sector organizations. 222 usable questionnaires were retrieved. The main findings of this research are that favoritism and organizational politics have a positive relationship with job satisfaction in public sector of Pakistan. Conclusion, Recommendation and limitation of the study are also discussed.

This study aims to bring forth some interesting research findings on an emerging field of entrepreneurial financing i.e. crowdfunding by focusing on the some recent advancement in the academic research. Since the inception of world’s pioneer crowdfunding platforms namely: Kickstarter, the scholars have turned their attentions towards this new emergent field of entrepreneurial finance. In crowdfunding, a vast number of people contribute in small proportions towards novel or innovative projects by using internet platforms. This study reveals that till now the research on crowdfunding mechanism has focused on developed markets; while the studies from developing markets are rare. Lastly, this study points out some interesting research gaps and provides future research directions. 

This study examines the extensive strategic analysis of AirAsia Berhad that has enabled it to sustain its competitive advantage as Asia’s leading low cost carrier (LCC). The study demonstrates the diverse business-level, corporate level and competitive strategies of AirAsia Berhad, played crucial roles in the LCC to successfully penetrate the under-served market segment of the airline industry within the ASEAN region. An in-depth analysis using a wide array of academic resources, relevant financial, legal and management resources and authorized websites, including face-to-face interviews were used to provide a more consequential comprehension on the varied business and international strategies that were implemented by AirAsia Berhad. This research exhibits critical analysis pertaining to the current macro environment of the aviation industry which includes the PESTEL framework and Porter’s Industry Analysis. The competitive environment analysis for AirAsia Berhad is thoroughly scrutinised to examine the driving determinants that attributed to the organisation’s competitive advantage in the industry. Further analysis using the Ansoff Matrix, lends evidence to the successful growth of the organization. Additionally, the international strategies that were implemented exhibit the foresight of the airline. The study concludes by adopting the balance scorecard framework to evaluate the organization from four pertinent perspectives of an organization which includes financial performance, customer knowledge, internal business process and learning and growth.

Small sized iron oxide nanoparticles with were successfully synthesized on the surface of cellulose acetate (CA) by precipitation method. The cellulose acetate were dispersed in deionized water, after that ferric and ferrous chloride was added to this mixture and stirred. After the absorption of iron ions on the surface layer of the fibers, the iron formed was reduced with NaOH by a quick precipitation method. The mean diameter and standard deviation of iron oxide synthesized in cellulose/iron oxide nano-composites (CIONC) were 35 ± 2.42 nm. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) and FT-IR. XRD indicated the sole existence of inverse cubic spinel phase of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The cellulose acetate/iron oxide prepared by this method has magnetic properties. The removal efficiency of iron and copper from wastewater by the new synthesized cellulose/ iron oxide nanocomposite after treatment were observed to be 92.96 % and 88.44 %, respectively in synthesized solution. Reduction percent of nitrate and phosphate from wastewater were 86.07% and 91.77 %, respectively. The new prepared cellulose/iron oxide nanocomposite had new physical and chemical characterization by new additives methodology that had high removal efficiency of heavy metals, nitrates and phosphates upon 86-92 % of inorganic pollutants. This research concerned with copper and iron removal from wastewater using magnetic nanoparticles of cellulose/iron oxide.

Iron oxide nanoparticles with TiO2 with PVA were synthesized by co- precipitation. Removal efficiency of iron, manganese and copper in wastewater by nano iron oxide after treatment was 91.10 %, 82.66 % and 94.03 %, respectively. Removal efficiency of Fe, Mn and Cu in synthesized solution after treatment was 91.42 %, 92.96 % and 90.81% respectively. Reduction percent of nitrate and phosphate in wastewater after treatment was observed to be 87.65 % and 91.07 % respectively. B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) indicated that PVA became more reactive as metals oxides are interacted with it as blending and complexing or both types of interaction.

Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia are often undiagnosed, and can be discovered in case of complications such as obstruction.We reported a case of delayed presentation of post traumatic diaphragmatic rupture with herniation and strangulation of stomach, transverse colon, and the jejunum of a 52-year-old patient who had a fracture of acetabulum six month back following road traffic accident. The diagnosis was suspected based on the clinical features of obstruction and air- filled viscera in the left hemithorax. Diagnosis was confirmed by an abdominal and thoracic computerized tomography (CT) scan.Exploratory laparotomy revealed a diaphragmatic rupture with strangulation of the stomach, transverse colon and the jejunum. The treatment consisted of the reduction of the herniated organs and closure of the diaphragmatic defect.

The implantable port chamber catheters are useful for repeated intravenous treatment, they are placed surgically, percutaneously or radio-guided, they can cause variable complications (infection, thrombosis, malposition, product leakage ...). The occurrence of malposition of the distal portion of the catheter is a rare complication. We report a case of malposition (intra-dural and extra medullary position) whose mechanism have not been determined.

Heavy metals found in municipal wastewater can cause many problems for human hygiene and environment. So that it should be decontaminated from heavy metals before being used in irrigation. Many materials such as shall, alginate and iron oxide were used to remove heavy metals (Pb and Cd) from municipal wastewater. The results showed that, shall had the highest efficiency than the other materials in removing Pb and Cd from polluted water. Artificial polluted water was prepared by diluting stock solution of Pb and Cd of concentration of 1000 mg/l using distilled water. The prepared Pb and Cd polluted solutions had concentrations of 5, 10 and 50 mg/l. The remedy agents were added to polluted water at ratios of 1:100, 1:1000 and 1:10000. The solutions were gently agitated to equilibrium periods of 2, 6, 12 and 24hr. Generally, the efficiency of remedy agents to remove heavy metals increased as the addition ratio increased. Percentages of Pb removed by mudstone at addition ratio of 1:1000 were 86 and 32.8% for 10 and 50 mg Pb/l, respectively, in a reaction period of 2 hrs. Regarding Cd, the removal % was 84 and 66.4 for 5 and 50 mg Cd/l, respectively, in 2 hrs. On the other hand, the Percentage of Pb removed by iron oxide and alginate were as low as 0 and 30 %, respectively. Generally for all treatments, the removal efficiency decreased as heavy metal concentration in polluted water increased. Shall was the most effective material in decontamination of heavy metals polluted water and it could be recommended to be used to decontaminate wastewater.

Adrenocortical tumor is a rare tumor of the adrenal developing depending on the adrenal cortex; most often responsible for an endocrine syndrome. We report a case of a 41-year-old woman who presented with treatment-resistant chorionic low back pain, whose radiological exploration revealed a retroperitoneal mass dependent on the adrenal gland measuring 108 x 84 x 88 mm (APxTxH) metastatic of the liver of segment VII and segment VII, the management of which was surgical in two stages.

Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the distal radius poses problems for reconstruction after resection. Several reconstructive procedures like vascularized and non-vascularized fibular graft, osteo-articular allograft, ceramic prosthesis and megaprosthesis are in use for substitution of the defect in the distal radius following resection. Most authors advocate wrist arthrodesis following resection of distal radius and non vascularized fibular graft. Here we have used a self-grafting by iliac crest the results are very satisfactory

According to the Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis, (2009) Kenya’s poverty levels are estimated to be on the decline, while the number of those living below the poverty line is estimated to have increased from 13.4 million in 1997 to about 16.6 million in 2006. The incidence of poverty is higher in rural areas at 49.1 per cent compared with 33.7 per cent in urban areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of linkages on small scale livestock farming in Baringo County. The study adopted the stakeholder’s theory by (Friedman, 1984) which states that the organization itself should be thought of as grouping of stakeholders who manage their interests, needs and viewpoints. He posits that the parties involved in an enterprise, includes governmental bodies, political groups, trade associations, trade unions, communities, financiers, suppliers, employees, and customers, who play a significant role in enterprise success. The research employed stratified random and simple random sampling for data collection. A structured questionnaire using interviews was administered to a representative sample of 67 small-scale livestock farmers. Data was collected on types of links, incidence of links and function of identified link formations. The study hypothesis was tested using Chi-square at 0.05 level of significance. Study findings showed a significant relationship between linkages and small scale livestock performance. The study recommends that agricultural stakeholders such as KVDA, KARI, KLMC and MLFD should partner with the farmers in providing relevant information, so as to facilitate better management of their livestock, training on better technologies, breeding options, and ensure enterprise growth for sustainable economic development. Research on the establishment of community ranches and a meat processing firm within the county be carried for the benefit of the farmers and provide ready market with less exploitation from middlemen.

In this paper Particle filter and SIFT algorithm are combined for moving objects tracking. SIFT key points constitute parts of particles to improve the distribution sample. The work, experiments of this study are performed using a movie from a soccer match. First, the ball is selected in the first frame by removing the background. Afterwards, key points are extracted via SIFT algorithm which are combined with particle filter. The particle filter algorithm tracks the ball till it is inside the scene.

The conservation of towns is a growing field in Malaysia. In the context of cultural heritage, the exceptional conservation practice in this country has enabled Malacca and Georgetown to be chosen as two of UNESCO’s world heritage town. The conservation of towns emerges from the awareness that cultural heritage possesses eminent uniqueness which must be conserved in order to safeguard it from extinction. In the context of Malaysia, the traditional shop lots are the remaining cultural heritage from the past, for the present and future. The variety of shapes and architectures of the shop lots makes them unique and should be preserved for the future generation. Therefore, the efforts to conserve a city or town usually concern the conservation of traditional shop lots. Nevertheless, the conservation efforts usually put more emphasis on facade that an equally unique element is overlooked. The element is the walkways of the shop lots. This article aims to discuss the need and significance of traditional shop lot walkways as one of the elements in the conservation of towns. The need for shop lot walkways has an apparent motive in term of a town’s image or in the epistemology perspective of the town conservation field itself.

Paper in the work presents the first comprehensive and complete report on the concentration of on natural radioactivity measurements, other fissionable isotopes and the hazard parameters in the NORM samples from different marine environment Samples of the Arabian Gulf region (Beach Muddy/Sands, Arabian Gulf Water, Shells and Different types of Marine Fish) collected along the eastern coastline of the State of Kuwait. All samples were measured using gamma spectrometry technique, with high purity germanium detector. The results show that the average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, 137Cs and 60Co for Kuwaiti Environmental Marine Samples are lower than the worldwide average value. The worldwide average values (32, 45 and 420) for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. The activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, 137Cs and 60Co for Kuwaiti Environmental Marine Samples ranged between [(0.18 - 10.43) Bq/kg with average of 3.26 ± 0.80 Bq/kg, (-0.23 – 3.63) Bq/kg with average of 1.15 ± 0.67 Bq/kg, (1.27 - 110.92) Bq/kg with average of 43.62 ± 1.7 Bq/kg, (0.50 - 10.61) Bq/kg with average of 3.11 ± 0.34 Bq/kg and (ND – 0.35) Bq/kg with average of 0.01 ± 0.01 Bq/kg] respectively. Marine Environment Samples of the Arabian Gulf region in Kuwait have been investigated. Samples were collected along the eastern coastline of the State of Kuwait. All samples were collected from different beach sites in Kuwait. These samples were collected randomly from different locations in these sites (from north to south along the eastern coastline of Arabian Gulf). According to the Kuwaiti samples, the estimated range for (Radium Equivalent Rate, External Hazard Index, Internal Hazard Index, Absorbed Dose, annual effective dose, Gamma Index, Alpha Index) is [(0.79 – 21.80) Bq/kg with average of 8.26 ± 1.90 Bq/kg, (0.00 – 0.06) Bq/kg with average of 0.02 ± 0.01 Bq/kg, (0.00 – 0.09) Bq/kg with average of 0.03 ± 0.01 Bq/kg,(0.36 - 10.68) Bq/kg with average of 4.04 ± 0.86 Bq/kg, (0.44 – 13.10) Bq/kg with average of 4.96 ± 1.06 Bq/kg, (0.00 – 0.08) Bq/kg with average of 0.03 ± 0.01 Bq/kg and (0.00 – 0.05) Bq/kg with average of 0.02 ± 0.00 Bq/kg], respectively. The estimated hazard parameters in all Kuwaiti samples are lower than the recommended limits for occupationally worker. From this study, it was noticed that the average activity concentrations of 226Ra series, 232Th series, 40K, 137Cs and 60Co for Kuwaiti Environmental Marine Samples are lower than the worldwide average value. Results obtained are discussed and compared with the international recommended data.

The aim of this investigation was the ability of different indices to identifies drought resistant genotypes of cotton under normal and stress conditions. Thirteen drought tolerance indices i.e., stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity index ( MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI), yield reduction ratio (YR), a biotic tolerance index (ATI), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI), harmonic mean (HM) and golden mean (GOL) were calculated based on seed cotton yield/plant under normal (Yp) and stress (Ys) conditions for 24 cotton genotypes over the two summer seasons (2015 and 2016) at Sakha Agriculture Research Station, Agriculture Research Center, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt. The values of mean performances showed that, most studied genotypes were better than the grand mean during Yp and Ys. Drought stress reduced the studied traits while other was tolerant to drought, suggesting genetic variability in 24 cotton genotypes for drought tolerance. According to drought tolerance indices, MP, GMP, STI, YI and HM under Yp and Ys as well as the other studied drought tolerance indices under Ys could properly distinguish drought tolerant cotton genotypes with high yield performance. Therefore, the indices of MP, GMP, STI, YI and HM were considered as a better predictor of Ys and Yp than the other indices. Screening drought tolerant genotypes using mean performances and drought tolerance indices showed cleared that the genotypes G.94, G.86, G.96 and G.89 were the most drought tolerant under Yp and Ys. Thus, they are recommended to be used as a parents for improvement of drought tolerance of cotton in breeding and hybridization programs in Egypt to produce and select a new recombination’s are more and more tolerant for drought to overcome the water shortage and reduce the water rating of the cotton crop. And the possibility of planting and expansion of those new recombination’s under the conditions of new lands that suffer from shortage of water and access to an economic crop. Cluster analysis based on all studied traits of 24 cotton genotypes into five and nine clusters under normal and drought stress conditions, respectively .The results for cluster analysis suggested that these genotypes could be used as a source of germplasm for breeding for drought tolerance and also cleared that the hybridization between clusters may increases variability and expected transgresive segregation to select the new germplasm had more and more drought tolerance.