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The solid phase FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (CNB) have been recorded in the regions 4000–400 cm^-1 and 3500–100 cm^-1, respectively. The optimized geometry, frequency and intensity of the vibrational bands, NBO analysis, HOMO- LUMO study of CNB in two conformational states of C₁ and C₂ obtained by the ab initio HF and DFT levels of theory using B3LYP/6-31G** basis set. The harmonic vibrational frequencies were calculated and the scaled values have been compared with experimental FTIR and FT-Raman spectra. A detailed interpretation of the vibrational spectra of the title compound has been made on the basis of the calculated potential energy distribution (PED). Stability of the molecule arising from hyperconjucative interactions leading to its bioactivity, charge delocalization have been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The calculated HOMO-LUMO energies shows that charge transfer occur with in the molecule. The observed and calculated frequencies are found to be in good agreement.

The study investigated the comparative effect of Tectona grandis to different concentration level of CCA preservative. The species were obtained from five plantation trees from Burgma forest at Onigambari Forest Reserve, a total of 75 test samples consisting 60 samples treated to CCA and the remaining 15 as control experiment. The samples were later subjected to termite attack at a termittarium for 3months. The preservation absorption, retention and penetration were measured while analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Results showed that Teak had the highest absorption, retention and penetration of 48.33km/m3 and longitudinal and lateral penetration of 4.1mm and 2.0mm at 5% concentration. The absorption of 4% concentration was 42.89kg/m3 with retention of 1.59kg/m and 47.78kg/m3 with retention of 1.40kg/m3. After exposure to termite, Tectona grandis immersed in 5% concentration of CCA produce the most durable. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference among the absorption rate while the retention shows insignificant differences among the absorption rate while the retention shows insignificant differences among the concentration. In conclusion, preservative treatment at 5% concentration produce the most durable, the higher the concentration the better the durability of Tectona grandis, hence, the treatment of the species at 5% concentrate by immersion is recommended.

Currently, there are about 1,750 urban co-operative banks in India, which form 14% of the banking sector. While the focus has always been on private and public sector banks who are riding the technology wave to emerge as front runners in the global banking arena, cooperative banks, have been laggards when it comes to technology adoption. The drivers of performance for UCBs, as for any organisation, includes indicators such as increased employee satisfaction, increased customer satisfaction, financial stability, lower average time to resolution, and innovations in information and communications technology (ICT). Co-operative banks can play a significant role in rural financial inclusion if they ably take advantage of the technology in place. Besides enabling faster services, their decision to bring technology into play will open up possibilities of providing new cost-effective banking products and services to the farming community in particular. It is envisaged that post implementation of CBS including Financial Inclusion, Cooperative banks will also implement internet banking, phone banking, ATM network etc. According to industry watchers, technology deployments like CBS are a big challenge in cooperative banks. Factors such as high costs of implementation and maintenance coupled with lack of regional language software support for CBS are deterrents.

CSR in India has traditionally been seen as a philanthropic activity because of social life, economic conditions and lack infrastructure. The present study has made an endeavour to comprehend the status and activities made by extensive firms of India in setting to CSR policy framing and implementation. The Government of India has also enhanced its focus on persuading companies to participate in addressing social and developmental issues, not only as a part of their social responsibility but also their business practices. India has entered or taken a transformational change by including into new CSR activities.

Pneumatic applications are increasing day to day. Nowadays most of the systems are rehabilitated into Pneumatic. This is due to the speed, accuracy and safety of Pneumatic systems, when compared to the rest. Till date the rubber stamping is done manually. It is for the reason that the content, size and shape of Rubber stamp may vary depending on the particular application. But no research is carried out for large measure of similar rubber stamping. In order to save the man power and to reduce the processing time the Pneumatic Rubber Stamping Machine is designed and fabricated.

A system was designed and fabricated to grade apples automatically based on their size using machine vision, in this study. The device included unites to single out, orient and grade apples. A cylinder container with circular hole in bottom which was equipped with agitator was built to single out the apples. This mechanism delivered apples to orientation unit, one by one. Two wooden rails with a specific form which was located on the ramp via adequate slope was used to orient the apples during rolling. After the orientation, apples were placed below the camera to take its photo. The photos were transferred to computer for image processing to determine the grade of apples based on their size. A belt conveyor carries the apples and set them in appropriate place regards to their grade. As a final point, the wind spray valve is opened and the apple is pushed to the marked box. In order to evaluate the constructed system, 10 red and golden delicious apples of each grade were chosen and the completely randomized design test was conducted. The results demonstrated that the most time consumed related to image processing. Almost%85 of apples were properly oriented in the orientation unit and graded correctly. The overall system performance was appropriate, thus the system can be used to grade apples automatically.

The fission product isotopic inventories have been estimated for a 90.2% highly enriched uranium (HEU) fuel core of the Ghana Research Reactor-1 (GHARR-1) using the ORIGEN2 code. The results indicate a gradual decrease in the ¹³⁵Xe inventory, and a build up in the ²³⁹U and ²³⁹Np inventory. The results will assist in assessing the bounding radiological consequences of a release of actinides from fuel material. It will also assist in the design of a nuclear spent fuel storage cask for GHARR-1 using local material (Serpentine).

The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of trace elements in some selected fruit juices and carbonated beverages purchased in Accra metropolis, Ghana. The technique used in this study was Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Fruit juices considered in this study includes pineapple, strawberry, lemon and orange. Some carbonated drinks were also analysed in this analysis. The trace elements considered were Al, Br, Ca, Cl, Mg, Mn, Na, K, Cd, Co, and As. Generally, the trace elements in the fruit juices were found to be more than that of the carbonated beverages. As, Cd, Co and Br were not detected in any of the samples analysed. Also Ca, Mg, Mn were not present in all the carbonated drinks studied. The levels of trace elements in both the fruit juices and carbonated drinks were however within permissible levels.

Abstract: It’s a well-known factor that India is one of the largest consumer market in the world. When it comes to analyzing Indian Market, it becomes a holistic process. The very diversity in this country has always given sleepless nights to the marketers. Urban–rural purchaser difference, geographical difference, food habits, inequality in income levels, educational backwardness, regional and religion diversity, socio cultural differences etc. are the major challenges companies face in the process of the branding and marketing. Therefore marketer are now trying to study the fundamental needs and causes of consumers as well as numerous factors which influences the needs and desires in consumers. The rural market has been emerging increasingly and has taken a shape of a potential and a strong market. About 70 per cent of India’s population lives in villages and this is the untapped market which is the boon for the marketers of both national and International levels.

The effect of Mn content on donor binding energy of a hydrogenic donor as a function of dot radius in a GaAs diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum dot is investigated. The Mn based GaAs material is the most thoroughly studied ferromagnetic dilute magnetic semiconductor which brings out the relationship between magnetic and semiconducting properties. All the calculations include the exchange interaction of Mn alloy content with an itinerant carrier. The worked out computation are performed within a single band effective mass approximation using variational technique. The binding energy is calculated by varying its dot radius, for various Mn incorporation in Mn based GaAs inner quantum dot surrounded by the GaAlAs outer barrier material.