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The present study was conducted to examine the relationship between psychological empowerment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment among Secondary school teachers in the city of Rabat Karim through descriptive survey. Statistical population were 1753 people among Secondary school teachers in the city of Rabat Karim which 156 subjects (90 females and 66 males) with sampling alternating to the volume were selected based on Cochran's formula. Tools used in this study consisted of Aspirytzer's psychological empowerment questionnaire, Smith's job satisfaction questionnaire, Kendall and Holin as well as organizational commitment questionnaire of Alan and Meyer. The reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. Correlation test and stepwise Regression was used for data analysis. Pearson correlation test results indicate that psychological empowerment and its subscales (significance), self-determination has a positive and significant relationship with job satisfaction at the level of p <./.1. Results also indicated that there was no significant relationship between feelings of competence and job satisfaction (r = 0/044, p = 0/624). In order to more closely examine the relationship between psychological empowerment and job satisfaction among components of psychological empowerment, job satisfaction, the results indicated that job satisfaction has a positive and significant relationship with self-determination (r = 0/55, p = 0/000), feeling of efficacy (r = 0/42, p = 0/000) and significance level (r = 0/207, p = 0/02). well as the results of the Pearson correlation test showed that there not exists a significant relationship between psychological empowerment and organizational commitment of teachers r = 0/12, p = 0/181)), the result is that in the development of psychological empowerment and job satisfaction of teachers is increased and it will be certainly followed with the enhanced quality of education.

The relationship between p wave and s wave is dynamic, and it is majorly a function of terrain. Knowing the relationship between p wave and s waves for any particular terrain is of vital important for both seismic exploration and geotechnical analysis. The aim of this research work is to establish an absolute relationship between the p waves and s wave seismic velocities within the basement complex. This factor (ratio) will be a guide to a better estimate of shear wave velocity during data analysis that will enhance exploration and site characterization in areas where vertical geophones will be exclusively used for data acquisition. With a bid to achieving this aim, seismic survey was carried out within some locations in the basement complex. The data was processed to generate the p wave velocity models and s wave velocity models independently. The result revealed that both the p waves and s waves from the tomographic model generally increase with depth. The ratio of these p waves and s waves velocities ranges between 1.767981 to 1.999435347. The average representative value for these p waves and s waves velocities ratio was determined to be 1.794860218. The result also revealed that the ratio of p waves and s waves does not genially increase with depth. Therefore, a value of 1.8 approximated to one decimal place, can be taken as a representative value for the ratio between p waves and s waves down to a depth of 40 m within the basement complex. However a value of 1.9 to 2.0 can be adopted as a ratio between p and s wave velocity within the basement complex beyond the depth of 40 m.

The authors present unusual case of isolated fracture-dislocation of medial cuneiform bone in a 22-year old after falling from the horse with midfoot taken by the stirrup .The plain x-rays is not likely to reveal a fracture-dislocation on this part of foot .Computing tomography (CT scan) can useful in determing the nature of the injury in such a case. The fracture was treated surgically by performing a through debridement and an internal fixation using kirshner wire after reducing .Ligaments were repaired and a prevention antimicrobial and physiotherapy were instaured. At the end of three months, we obtained a painless foot, stable and the patient was returned his activity.

The aim of the research work is to isolate biopolymer and to evaluate its emulsifiability by formulating o/w type of emulsion. The biopolymer was isolated from the fruit pulp of Prunus insititia by collecting and treating with water. The aqueous extract was further treated with 3 vol. of dimethyl ketone and kept aside in refrigeration for 6 hours. The biopolymer was collected by centrifugation and dried and subjected for physicochemical properties like solubility, pH, color, viscosity. Seven different o/w types of emulsions were prepared by using Liquid paraffin oil and biopolymer as an emulsifier in various concentrations ranging from 50mg to 1 gm. The formulated emulsions were subjected for various evaluation parameters like globule size, pH, the effect of freezing and thawing cycle, effect of centrifugation. The results were compared with the standard emulsion which was prepared by using acacia as an emulsifier.The emulsions were not showing any significant stability due to increase in the globule size. The final conclusion was drawn that the biopolymer in lower concentration showed its potential emulsifying property in the formulation FE1 and FE2 containing 50 and 100mg along with uniform globule size ranging from 12 to 30 µm and stable for 3 freezing and thawing cycle. These emulsions are very significantly stable in comparison with standard emulsion.

Adolescence is one of the most crucial periods in the life of an individual, because between the ages of 10-19years, many key biological, social, economical, demographic and cultural events occur that set the stage for adult life. During this phase of growth the girls first experience menstruation and related problems which is marked by feelings of anxiety and eagerness to know about this natural phenomenon. However, they do not get the appropriate knowledge due to lack of a proper health education programme in schools. Moreover, the traditional Indian society regards talks on such topics as taboo and discourages open discussion on these issues. Moreover, the routine health services do not have provisions for adequate care of adolescent health problems. This further exaggerates the problems manifold. Although menstruation is a natural process, it is linked with several misconceptions and practices, which sometimes result into adverse health outcomes. Majority of adolescents still does not have access to information and education on sexuality, reproduction and sexual and reproductive health and rights, nor do they have access to preventive and curative service. Providing adolescents with access to seek information education and services is thus the main challenge for future programmes. In this regard an attempt has been made to measure the level of knowledge and attitude towards reproductive health, b) to study the reproductive health practices among adolescent girls and c) to study the attitude of adolescent girls towards sex education. The study was conducted among 60 school going adolescent girls of Sullia Taluq. The findings not only prove and confirm their view, but also reveal the fact that the adolescent girl’s family members restrict their daughters during menstruation and majority of the respondents stated they need sex related education in the curriculum. The study also recommends that health workers should concentration more on imparting reproductive health among rural adolescent girls. Community groups, peer groups school curriculum and other such channels are likely to be more effective means of transmitting important health messages and advice to young women entering puberty.

The history of student-centered approach takes its roots from a constructivist theory, in which students learn more by doing and experiencing rather than by observing. In this theory, students are the initiators and architects of their own learning and knowledge making rather than passive ‘vessels’ who receive knowledge from expert teachers (Brown, 2008). In contrast to learner-centered, language-centered methods focus on discrete items of grammatical and lexical forms of a language that are presented to the learners. In fact linguistic forms constitute the organizing principle for syllabus construction. This paper aims at distinguishing which method is better. In order to do this three groups of female intermediate learners at three institutions in Kashmar, Iran participated in this study. There were three classes, including 30 learners in each group who were assigned to control and two experimental groups. The experimental groups received an instruction in three tenses; simple present, simple past and future tenses, followed by writing pre- and post-tests. Both tests consist of six questions and students' answers should be in form of a T-unit that including 50 words with using eight verbs. After analyzing the results of pre- and post-tests and comparing the performance of experimental groups, the findings show that the performance of learners in language-centered class is better than learner-centered class.

Teaching of English is a profession. There are certain aspects that are very important to be considered for the teaching of English as ESL/EFL/ESP etc. The professional effectiveness becomes more demanding especially in a situation which is not very conducive to the teaching of English for the speakers of other languages than English. The case of Arab countries in general and Saudi Arabia in particular falls under the same category. The pedagogic significance of Lesson planning has always been debated for a very long time. It is believed if a specific lesson is planned the results are expected to be far better. The present paper will explore certain theoretical as well practical issues related to the lesson planning as a strategy for the teaching of Reading (ENGLISH).

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We discuss two dark energy models on LRS Bianchi Type-I magnetized anisotropic space –time with a variable equation of state (EoS). The EoS for dark energy is found to be time dependent and its existing range for derive models is in good agreement with the recent observations. Using the suitable condition, the anisotropic models approach to isotropic scenario. We also find that during the evolution of the universe, the EoS parameter for DE changes from to in first model whereas from to in second model which is consistent with recent observations. The cosmological constant is found to be a positive decreasing function of time and it approaches a small positive value at late time (i.e. the present epoch) which is corroborated by results from recent supernovae Ia observations. The physical and geometric properties are also discussed.