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Language attrition is the loss of a first or second language or a portion of that language by individuals. This paper examines the effects of social class and age on attrition of some old words and expressions of Isfahani dialect. To obtain the results, we distributed a questionnaire among 120 male/ female citizens from three social groups each including 40 upper-social class, 40 middle-social class and 40 low-social class with an age range of 25 to 65. The questionnaire involved 20 old words and expressions of Isfahani dialect, given to different social classes with different age ranges to evaluate the effects of these variables on the attrition of Isfahani dialect. The results show that the lower the age, there is the less knowledge about the meaning of words, on the contrary, the lower the social class, there is more knowledge about the meaning of the words. So the age and social class are two main factors contributing to the attrition of Isfahani dialect of Persian.

Novel surfactants based on sunflower oil and monoethanlamine were tested as inhibitors for the corrosion of steel in CO2-saturated 1% NaCl solution by Potentiodynamic polarization measurements and linear polarization resistance corrosion rate (LPR bubble test) at 50 oC. Inhibition efficiency increased with increase in the concentration of the studied compounds. Results show that the order of inhibition efficiency is II> I> III > IV >V. The adsorption of the inhibitors on the steel surface obeys Langmuir model and was physisorption.

The study focused on the modelling of a candle flame using CFD modelling technique. Governing equation which formed the basis of a CFD modelling using SolidWorks flow simulation was developed, and the simulation result was compared with an existing experimental result. Modelling results show that the heat flux is maximum at the wick base and minimum at a distance of 0.1m from the wick tip, where it maintains averagely a constant value of 55.23kW/m2. This implies that the heat flux generated by a typical candle is large enough to ignite secondary objects such as wood materials located even 100 mm above the wick of the candle as they are capable of auto-ignition at heat flux above 40kW/m2. However, nearby objects that are not directly over the candle base can also be ignited, but must be located much closer for ignition to occur.

The aim of the study was to investigate and compare antibacterial and antifungal activity of leaves extract taken from four different plants Quisqualis indica Linn., Calotropis procera Ait., Achyranthes aspera Linn., and Ocimum sanctum Linn. against ten microorganisms comprising of five bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and five fungi (Alternaria porri, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium chrysogenum) using well diffusion method. The in vitro study revealed that methanol extract was more effective than aqueous extract. Leaf extracts of Quisqualis indica Linn. and Achyranthes aspera Linn. was reported to be more effective on fungal species and on contrary leaf extracts of Calotropis procera Ait. and Ocimum sanctum Linn. was found more effective on bacterial species.

With the aim of contributing to the knowledge of South-India Medieval age brick production, the mineralogy of briquettes excavated from the site of Gangaikondacholapuram (India) has been studied in order to make inferences concerning the clay preparation and firing techniques of that period. In this work, the fired brick finds (GKSB-1 to GKSB-5) were analysed by three distinct techniques namely Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM/EDS to determine their mineralogical, chemical compositions and microstructures respectively. The relative similarity of compositions, the fine, dense and homogeneous microstructures and the presence of high-temperature phases such as pyroxenes, mullite, analcime and wusite in the sample coded GKSB-1, GKSB-3 and GKSB-5 showed the use of high firing temperatures, in the range 900–1000°C. While the presence of kaolinite and halloysite clay minerals in the briquettes GKSB-2 and GKSB-4 suggests the low temperature of firing (? 600°C) and may be related to adobe bricks, all indicate the adoption of non-calcareous clay with specialized brick making techniques by the brick makers of Gangaikondacholapuram in the 11thto 12th millennia CE. Key words: FT-IR, XRD, SEM/EDS, Firing techniques, ancient brick samples.

The main objective of this study is to find out if there is any relationship between Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and organizational performance in Nigerian banks. Relevant literature was reviewed and a model consisting of twenty six variables was conceptualized and tested by means of empirical data collected through a questionnaire survey. A total of two hundred and twenty four (224) copies of a questionnaire were administered, two hundred and eleven (211) copies were duly completed and returned. The result of the descriptive statistics shows that Customer Focused Services, Information and Communication Technology, Complaints Management, High Quality Service, Timeliness in Service Delivery, Security of Money, Friendliness of Employees, Ease of Opening Account, Competitive Charges on Services, Availability of Credit are CRM strategies used in Nigerian banks. It also reveals a difference in the perception of staff and customers. The result of the spearman rank correlation, Mann- Whitney U test and partial correlations provided support for these findings and confirm that there is a positive relationship between customer relationship management and organizational performance (as conceptualized by customer satisfaction, customer retention, increase in number of customers and increased net profit. It was also found that companies image and branch network intervene in the relationship between CRM and organizational performance.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of job satisfaction among university teachers based on gender, age, and sector of university. Questionnaire is used to acquire the required responses from university teachers in order to accomplish the research objectives. Descriptive and inferential statistics, ANOVA analysis, T-test and frequency tables are used to analyse the data. Study found that the level of satisfaction in universities’ teachers is primarily contributed by the administrative factors. Although, the results indicate no statistically significant relationship of gender attribute of demographics with satisfaction of university faculty, however, male are less satisfied as compare to female faculty, which led to the no rejection of Ho1. Ho2 is rejected and significant difference is found between faculty of private and public universities. The inferential statistics conclude a significant relationship between university type and satisfaction. The results of ANOVA reports significant relationship between various age categories and overall level of satisfaction. The results lead to the rejection of null hypothesis Ho3. Job satisfaction level decreases with increase of age. Certain recommendations are given at the end to increase the level of job satisfaction of university faculty.

Women constitute about one half of the global population, but they are placed at various disadvantageous positions due to gender difference and bias. Globally, at least one in three women has experienced some form of gender based abuse during her life time. Of all the forms of violence against women ‘Domestic Violence’ is a serious type but caused silently. Domestic violence is the most serious violation of all basic rights that a woman suffers in her own home at the hands of members within her own family. The manifold problems associated with domestic violence have been systematically exposed by the women’s movement. Indeed a number of recent studies such as the National Family Health Survey and National Crimes Records Bureau have identified the home as the site of violence against women and girl children. Almost every six homes some where in India, a married women between the ages of 15 and 49 have experienced domestic violence at some point in their lives, domestic violence has not only serious consequences for the health and well being of the individual women but it also serves to maintain their subjugation as a class, it is generally denying the woman her rights as an individual. The purpose of domestic law is to prevent such a situation and to restore the women to a position of equality with in marriage so as to give her the time and the space to decide what she wants to do in the rest of her life. No doubt, it is difficult to enable women to break the silence around their violent situations, so there was a dire need to have a law that can address the problem of domestic violence in more holistic manner and can change the lives and realties of women. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 was notified in the Gazette of India on 14-9-2005. This paper is an attempt to have a holistic view of the Domestic violence against women in india and I have made an attempt to analyze the statistical data on domestic violence against women in india.

Our work is a retrospective study of 14 cases of dorsal lunate fracture-dislocations of the carpus, listed in the service of traumatology and orthopedics of the Ibn Sina Hospital between 2010 and 2014. The back lunar dislocation of the carpus , the most common intra-carpal dislocations, interest in most cases of adult male youth, and whose injury was caused in half the time by accident from the public highway.The diagnosis is only radiological because the clinic can not be evocative.Surgical treatment was recommended at the outset in all cases. The dorsal approach was performed in 10 cases, and the volvar approach was used earlier in one case. Patients were reviewed at a mean of 30 months for clinical evaluation of functional results according to the score of Allieu and Witvoet. The results were satisfactory in all cases reviewed, and only three were lost to view. In conclusion and in light of a literature review, we believe that surgery alone provides a satisfactory reduction and repairs bone and ligament injuries, the only guarantee of a favorable outcome to avoid the long term most serious complication: osteoarthritis of the wrist.

We are very happy to announce that from 7th March 2017, Dr. Leelavinothan Pari has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Biochemistry & Biotechnology. Dr. Leelavinothan Pari working as Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002,Tamil Nadu, India. The appointment of Dr. Leelavinothan Pari as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.