Electrical and Electronics

This paper proposes Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model for the required DC-DC Converter Duty Cycle feeding Maximum Power to resistive load to be used for distributed generation (DG) applications. It proposes a PV module when coupled to a load through DC-DC Converter to supply this resistive load with the maximum power from the PV module. Some of DC-DC converters topologies are discussed in brief with concentration on Cúk and SEPIC Converters operations. The mechanism of load matching is described to give the required converter duty cycle at maximum power point (MPP). Relations in 3D figures are introduced for the most probable situations for irradiance and temperature with the corresponding PV voltage and current. Also, 3D figures for the desired duty cycle, output voltage and current of DC-DC converter to gain the maximum power to the resistive load at various irradiance and temperature values. Moreover; Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used to implement a neural model with its algebraic function to take the probable system situations and outs the proposed converter duty cycle to give maximum power for the load. All the neural model are done with their hidden and output layers’ suitable neurons numbers and suitable performance goals depending on the 3D simulation figures shown in the paper.

All real systems that work with digitally represented data require error detecting codes because all real channels are noisy to some extent. The basic goal is to detect errors in data transmission over unreliable or noisy communication channels. Encoding and decoding techniques play a major role in digital communication as the received bit stream usually contains a number of errors. Cyclic Redundancy Codes (CRCs) provide a first line of defense against data corruption in many networks. The basic goal is to control errors in data transmission over unreliable or noisy communication channels. CRC code provides a simple, yet powerful, method for the detection of burst errors during digital data transmission and storage. In this paper simulation is shown and implementation of CRC-32 is done on TMS320VC5416.

Speech is an efficient mode of communication among human beings. The shape of glottal excitation may be speaker and language dependent. The objective of this paper is to investigate the quality of speech with respect to glottal excitation modification in Hindi and Dogri languages. For this, recordings of six speakers (3 males and 3 females) were carried out in Dogri and Hindi languages. Cardinal vowels (/a/, /i/, /u/) were extracted from recordings of each speaker. Investigations were carried out by modifying the glottal excitation component of speech and this modification is obtained by adding noise which is a random signal to the glottal excitation component. The analysis of the results showed that quality and intelligibity of speech changes with the modification of the glottal source component in such a manner that identity of a speaker is fully lost and the clarity is degraded though not fully lost. Further, it is perceived that with the modification clarity in male speakers is more degraded than female speakers.

This paper focuses on the design of multi-element micro strip patch antenna array applicable to WLAN/MIMO at 2.4 GHz. Obviously, the performance of multi-element antenna system depends critically on the proper design of the arrays. In this paper design and simulation of 4x1 micro strip patch array with software IE3D is discussed. The performance of array have been compared with that of a single element micro strip patch antenna .Also the effect of mutual coupling of array elements on its performance is discussed .To reduce surface wave propagation, implementation of EBG substrate is discussed.

The main objective of Load Frequency Control (LFC) is to regulate the power output of electric generator within an area, in response to the changes in system frequency and tie-line loading. Thus, LFC helps in maintaining the scheduled system frequency and tie-line power interchange with other areas within the prescribed limits. Most LFCs are primarily composed of an integral and PID controller. The integrator gain is set to a level that compromises between fast transient recovery and low overshoot in the dynamic response of the overall system. This type of controller is slow and does not allow the controller designer to consider the possible changes in operating condition and non-linearity in the generator unit. Moreover, it lacks in robustness. FACTS are designed to overcome the limitations of present non-reheat thermal-thermal power systems and enhance the power system stability. One of the promising FACTS devices is the Thyristor controlled phase shifter (TCPS) to alleviate this difficulty. TCPS is connected in the tie-line to self-tune the parameters of integral and PID controller. Two area system, have been considered for simulationof the proposed TCPS connected integral and PID controller .The performance of the Conventional controller, TCPS connected Integral and PID controller have beenCompared through MATLAB Simulation. The qualitative and quantitative comparisonshave been carried out for Integral, PID controllers. The dynamic of performance responses of Integral and PID controller with TCPS shows that in terms of settling .Time, peak overshoot and steady state error are greatly improved than that of without TCPS.

In Networks-On-Chips, (NOC) global interconnection links and routers are the main sources of the power Consumption. In Application Specific NOC (ASNOC) power can be minimized by mapping the Processing Element (PE) on the custom topology rather than mapping on the standard topologies. In ASNOC, the design of the topology plays an important role in minimizing the power consumption. In this paper, we propose a custom topology generation algorithm using network partitioning, to reduce the power of the global interconnection links that connects the router to router. The proposed method is validated through a case study for benchmark video applications MPEG 4 decoder and PIP. The experimental case study shows 26.8% and 37.5% of power saving for the applications MPEG 4 decoder and PIP respectively compared to the existing algorithm. We also achieve 11.76% and 9 % of reduction in average number of hops for MPEG 4 decoder and PIP respectively.

This paper proposes a the common sharing distributed arithmetic method with less number of flip flops to reduce the power consumption by the circuit. To achieve the lesser number of Flip flops usage the registers used in the circuit to create latency will be replaced by buffers. By using the buffers in the circuit itself can create some latency efficiently than using the more number of flip flops in the circuit.

Development of a suitable lightweight system in which a sensor is airborne for carrying out surveillance. The sensor should remain airborne for a minimum of 2 minutes at a minimum height of 30 meter and above to do imaging of a proportionate area below. Recognizable real time video information should be transmitted to the ground receiver point suitably located in the observation area. Sensor should be able to detect man-sized objects in above-mentioned conditions. Proposed solution should take up design of configuration and identification of suitable options for sensor, data link, ground observation & control points and other support system(s). System configuration details comprising of sensor, data link, observation, data processing mechanism and support system should form part of the design. There are many approaches for motion detection in a continuous video stream. All of them are based on comparing of the current video frame with one from the previous frames or with something that we'll call background. The camera IC will provide high level functionality for all applications. This camera IC is controlled by microcontroller which is connected to it. The camera automatically focuses the object up to 50 m and is controlled by microcontroller.

In this paper, the laser beam welding is studied and Aluminum temperature field is gained in this process. The thermal effect of laser beam that specially depends on the laser type and temperature field of it in workpiece, is the main key of analysis and optimization of this process, from which the main goal of this paper has been defined. Utilizing laser as a method to join plastic components is growing in popularity. There are two laser welding mechanisms, keyhole mode and conduction mode. Keyhole welding is widely used because it produces welds with high aspect ratios and narrow heat affected zones. However keyhole welding can be unstable, as the keyhole oscillates and closes intermittently. This intermittent closure causes porosity due to gas entrapment. Conduction welding, on the other hand, is more stable since vaporisation is minimal and hence there is no further absorption below the surface of the material. Conduction welds are usually produced using low-power focused laser beams. This results in shallow welds with a low aspect ratio. In this work, high-power CO2 and YAG lasers have been used to produce laser conduction welds on 2mm and 3mm gauge AA5083 respectively by means of defocused beams. Full penetration butt-welds of and 3mm gauge AA508 using this process have been produced. It has been observed that in this regime the penetration depth increases initially up to a maximum and then decreases with increasing spot size.

The primary weapon used in modern air combat is a guided air to air missile. Many air to air missiles use proportional navigation (PN) guidance during the terminal phase. The main advantage of PN guidance is it requires minimal information regarding target motion. It is reliable and robust guidance scheme. The main objectives of this project are three fold 1) working of a guided missile, 2) PN guidance scheme and its suitability for air to air missiles. 3) Advantages and limitations of PN guidance. The above goals are met by implementing PN guidance law with the help of simplified interceptor and target missile models in MATLAB (SIMULINK). The effectiveness of PN guidance is also studied for various target engagement scenarios. Further this implementation has also been carried out in Xenomai – 2.6 (a Linux based open source Real Time Operating system) in C language.