Mechanical Engineering

A data acquisition system is a device designed to measure various parameters. The purpose of the data acquisition system is generally the analysis of the data and the improvement in accuracy of measurements. The data acquisition system is normally electronics based, and it is made of hardware and software. The hardware part is made of sensors, signal conditioners & data acquisition card and computer. The data acquisition system increases efficiency of measurement and lowers the cost for test, through easy to integrate software like Visual Basic. With this system, Engineers can use graphical representation to meet their specific needs – very different from the conventional and traditional measurements. Additionally, data acquisition system capitalized on the ever-increasing performance of personal computers. In test, measurement, and control, the system experiences up to a 10 times increase in efficiency at a fraction of the cost, in a fraction of time, of traditional measurement system. This Dissertation work involves testing of internal combustion engine using data acquisition system . For this the data is acquired from internal combustion engine and send to computer after required conditioning. The parameters of internal combustion engine which can be measured are speed, load, temperature and vibrations . The graphical display on the computer screen can be made by using any software like Visual Basic . This is an attempt to develop a Computerized Test Rig for measurements of Speed , Load & Temperature, Vibrations using Software like Visual Basic , Hardware PCI 1050 Card with Signal Conditioning using INA128 IC and Sensors like Proximity Sensor, Load Cell and RTD .

The optimal tilt angle of solar photovoltaic panel in Ilorin, Nigeria was determined. The solar panel was first mounted at 0o to the horizontal and after ten minutes, the voltage and current generated with the corresponding atmospheric temperature were recorded. The same procedure was repeated for 2o to 30o at a succession of 2o at ten minutes time interval over the entire measurement period. The result obtained shows that the average optimal tilt angle at which a solar panel will be mounted for maximum power performance at fixed position in Ilorin is 22o. This optimum angle of tilt of the solar panel and the orientation are dependent on the month of the year and the location of the site of study.

Majority of refrigerator works on vapor compression refrigeration system. The system consists of compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator. The performance of the system depends on the performance of all components of the system. The main objective of the present study is to study the performance of a domestic refrigerator by placing shell and tube type heat exchanger immediately after the condenser to extract more amount of heat by sub cooling process by using ammonia as an external cooling media.

The Healthcare industry is generally “information rich”, but unfortunately not all the data are mined which is required for discovering hidden patterns & effective decision making. We are evaluating the performance of Simple K-Means algorithm Clustering using the mode of classes to clusters evaluation with the prediction attribute nom. The performance of these techniques is compared, based on accuracy. As per our results accuracy of Simple K-Means Clustering, Sequential Minimal Optimization and Sequential Minimal Optimization via Simple K-Means Clustering are 80.85%, 83.82% and 96.69% respectively. In our studies 10-fold cross validation method was used to measure the unbiased estimate of prediction model. The model uses medical terms such as sex, blood pressure, cholesterol like 13 attributes to predict the likelihood of patient getting a Heart disease. Until now, 13 attributes are used for prediction. Our analysis shows that classification model SVM via Simple K-Means Clustering predicts cardiovascular disease with least error rate and highest accuracy of 96.69%.

Using a combine implement for open furrows , seeds planting and fertilization is very important implement to conduct more than one process or operation in one field pass at the same time where the combine equipment open suitable furrow to grow any crop and also considered as special tillage implement. The combine implements save time, cost and potential, and decrease traffics and, labors and improve soil physicals properties and plant yields. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of deferent furrow depths and speeds of machinery unit using a locally assembled combine equipment on planting maize. The tractor which was used in this study is New Holland TD80. Two machinery speeds included 7.44 and 9.53 km?hr which represent main plot and two Furrow depths included 5-15 and 15-25 cm which represent sub plot were used in this study. Field efficiency, Leaf area, 300 seed weight, and maize yield were measured in this experiment. Split plot design under Randomized Complete block design with three replication was used in this stud . Least significant differences (L.S.D) under 0.05 level was used to compare the mean of treatment. The results can be summarized as Fallow; 9.53 km ? hr speed gave lower Field efficiency stood (63.45)% and higher maize yield stood (9.65) t ?h . 5 - 15 cm furrow depth gave higher Field efficiency stood (66.69)% and greater Leaf area stood (0.53) m2 while 15-25 cm furrow depth gave higher maize yield stood (5.53) t ?h. The interaction between the speed and furrow depth, has impacted significantly on all plant properties except 300 seed weight. Using the locally assembling combine implement for planting corn, fertilizing and open furrows is successfully done.

This review describes the concept of Sustainable Development with emphasis on company’s approaches towards improving environmental performance and the effect of environmental legislation on the company’s performance. A proactive approach towards improving environmental performance often leads to improvement in company’s performance because resources are optimally utilised, and there is diversification in business activities through the creation of vital products from waste. Other benefits include excellent public image, reduction in the cost of landfill or landfill tax, avoidance of environmental fines, and availability of sufficient time to plan for the possible changes in the future. Environmental Management Systems and Life Cycle Analysis/Assessment of products are some of the fundamental measures required to take a proactive approach towards improving environmental performance and company’s performance. With various evidence obtained from some multinational corporations, this review confirms that the benefits of a proactive approach towards improving environmental performance of any organisation outweighs its cost.

EOR method evaluation is performing for petroleum gravity, stone type, and tank humectant and tank localities conditions for liquid injection. When the water inject to the tank the interaction could be performed in different ways, if the is humectant, penetrated water canexit petroleum from tank, which is because of capillary absorption. The studies have been done on the tube lines, land and the metal workforces that are related to the oil and gas industries, shows that in most cases, weld lines and edge of a sharp regions has been influencing on location of corrosion and eroding of effective thickness of coating film. In this study we studied EOR methods for dense oil recovery from mold in the breakage tanks. Analyze and comparison of recovery with capillarity of salty water, polymeric solution and hot water on different sample of rocks showed high recovery of dense row oil in the EOR methods, and it is more detected in the diluted row oil. Oil (diluted) can recover by water injection in the sand stone condition and with chemical matter and thermal methods.

Radiation is a volumetric phenomenon, and all solids, liquids, and gases emit, absorb or transmit radiation. However, radiation is usually considered to be a surface phenomenon for solids that are opaque to thermal radiation such as metals, woods and rocks since the radiation emitted by the interior regions of such material can never reach the surface, and the radiation incident on such bodies is usually absorbed within a few microns form the surface. Finned surfaces are used widely in industries, which due to their high temperature transferring heat by radiation is important. One of the this industry is space application, where the heat is transferred on in the mode of radiation. So, having the least material in very important in this industry. In this paper, Longitudinal fins with rectangular, triangular, concave, and convex profiles have been studied to establish the optimum dimensions based on the least material. The results showed that the concave parabolic has the best performance among other types of fins.

According to Betz, the maximum conversion efficiency of a wind turbine is 59.3%. But, the wind turbine works at efficiency of 25% to 35%. Hence, there is an opportunity to improve the efficiency of wind turbine. If, the efficiency of wind turbine is increased by at least 1%, it could turn into giant profits. Multiple nozzle system, therefore, if it is used, it increases the velocity of air, huge. The effect of multiple nozzle system is studied in the present article. The theoretical power coefficient and actual power coefficients of wind turbine are determined as part of the study. Few experiments were taken up earlier to increase wind speed using single nozzle system. But, multiple nozzle system is first ever, used in the history. The effect of conversion of heat energy into kinetic energy using multiple nozzle system is presented in this article. The design of multiple nozzle system obtained patents in India.

The cohesive zone model (CZM) can be regarded as a computational model which provides valuable insights in the prediction of crack initiation and propagation. The concept behind this model considers the process of fracture as a gradual phenomenon in which separation takes place between two adjacent virtual surfaces across an extended crack tip. The role of the CZM in analyzing the crack propagation in different materials and variations in the traction separation law(TSL) are covered in a detailed manner in this paper.