Electrical and Electronics

This article contains, in the first chapter, a general presentation of an installation for neutralization of aggressive waters, which may resulted in some electrical thermo-centrals, as those from Deva-Mintia, Paroseni (Romania) etc., in removal of sulphur and by washing anion and cation filters, necessary for de-pollution. Before waters evacuation, the pH must be kept in the limits of neutral values. The automation command is redundant and needs a PC computer and a microcontroller, of Twido type, for example, produced by Schneider Company. We choose here to present what is inside the PC, where was installed a LabVIEW programming environment and where was created a simulation program, which works independently of process and of data acquisition modules and which was called Mintia.sim.vi. This simulates communications with inputs and outputs, through the NI ELVIS - Instrumentation, Data Acquisition and Prototyping for Labs modules. The second chapter presents the interfaces between PC and process: data acquisition modules and multiplexer module, connected in the PC USB port, which were either simulated or included in NI ELVIS. The third chapter contains the program short description, with its panel, offering controls and indicators, among whom being so called „tanks”, which symbolize neutralization and consumption tanks (HCL and NaOH), which indicate, synchronously with physic reality, the reminded tanks filling or depletion. The start and stop controls command the equipment power supply and some virtual LED-s and messages inform permanently the operator about the filling-neutralization-depleting process running. Consequently, the panel is both an operative and a synoptic one.

Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) is a state-of-the-art technology for reading electric, gas or water meter readings automatically from a remote place without any human intervention. Remote metering promises fast and accurate billing system. In this paper, a technique for remotely reading electricity meter readings using Short Message Service (SMS) has been illustrated. Existing Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) networks have been used for sending and receiving SMS. A prototype of the system has been designed and developed for system exploration and experiment.

Multiplier is a basic arithmetic cell in computer arithmetic units. The energy consumption in computation turns out to be deeply linked to the reversibility of the computation. The primary objective of this paper was to gain insight into the Reversible Computation and its use for making circuits energy efficient for long life. In the recent years, reversible logic has emerged as a promising technology having its applications in low power CMOS, quantum computing, nanotechnology, and optical computing. In the proposed work, we synthesized a parity preserving reversible multiplier circuit with the help of existing fault tolerant Toffoli gate and SCG gate. Here partial products are generated using Toffoli gate and final sum is carry out using SCG gate. The proposed design is best compared to existing in terms of garbage output, constant input, power consumption.

This paper proposes a new idea of the Fuel level sensor is to monitor, measure and indicate the fuel level in the tank of vehicles by using microcontroller based Embedded System. At present methods of fuel level measurement is Resistor Ladder network, Reed sensor with float and Linear Hall Effect sensor. The proposed method of measurement of fuel level is based on the variation in the capacitance based on the difference in dielectric properties between fuel and free air without any moving parts.

Technologies have advanced rapidly in the field of digital signal processing due to advances made in high speed, low cost digital integrated chips. These technologies have further stimulated ever increasing use of signal representation in digital form for purposes of transmission, measurement, control and storage. Design of digital filters especially adaptive or semi adaptive is the necessity of the hour for SAR applications. In this research work Butter worth digital FIR semi adaptive band pass filter for 700-800 KHz for 128 order Kaiser window with 0.5 Beta was designed using XILINX and MATLAB soft wares. As part of practical research work 700 -800 KHz Butter worth digital FIR semi adaptive band pass filter for 700-800KHz for 128 order Kaiser window with 0.5 Beta was designed using FPGA kit using SPARTAN-3E. These were optimized, analyzed, compared and evaluated keeping the sampling frequency at 5 GHz. Both these filters were tested by passing a sinusoidal test signal of 781 KHz along with noise and the filtered output signals are presented.

VLSI Industry is moving at high speed towards miniaturization. With miniaturization it faces a problem of power and heat dissipation. Thus we need a superior technology that circumvents this problem. Solution is implementing Reversible logic. A lot of research has been already done in the field of reversible computing. This paper presents a review of such reversible sequential circuits in literature from basic elements to complex circuits.

The aim of this paper is to present control of voltage magnitude and active power flow by means of a matrix converter. The matrix converter based compensator acts as the power electronic interface connected in series with a transmission line. Such a power system compensator consists of two power transformers and a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter. The compensator adjusts the active power flow on the transmission line and the voltage Magnitude at the bus of the power system. Pulsed Width Modulation (PWM) technique is employed as the switching strategy. Performance of the matrix converter based compensator is evaluated in the Simulink/MATLAB environment.

The amount of wind turbine connected to the power grid has significantly increased during the last decade. This has resulted in essential need to establish grid codes. Previously, wind turbine generators (WTGs) were allowed to be disconnected from the network during any disturbance at the grid side to avoid WTGs from being damaged. However, lately, the transmission system operators (TSOs) require WTGs to be stayed connected to provide support to the grid during fault. This new requirement has been regulated in the new grid codes. In this paper, the super conducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit is used to enhance the high voltage ride through (HVRT) capability of DFIG based WTG during voltage swell events at the grid side. Two new grid codes are used to verify the ability of the SMES unit to avoid the WTG from being disconnected from the grid.

In recent years, the development of software and hardware technology has enabled the creation of large amount of digital video content. The innovation being done in multimedia streams from last few years necessitates the development of efficient and more effective methodologies for storing information related to video, audio, text etc. Accessing of content based video data requires segmentation of each video stream into its primary blocks. The general objectives are to segment a given video sequence into its constituent shots, and to identify and classify the different shot transitions in the sequence. The video stream consists of a number of shots, each sequence of frames are represented using a single camera. Switching from one frame to another indicates the transition from a shot to the next one. Therefore, the detection of these transitions, known as scene change or shot boundary detection, is the first step in any video-analysis system. A number of proposed techniques for solving the problem of shot boundary detection exist, but the major challenges to them is Detection of gradual transition and the elimination of disturbances caused by illumination change or fast object and camera motion . The reliability of the scene change detection stage is a very significant requirement because it is the initial stage in any video retrieval system. Thus, its performance has a direct impact on the performance of all other stages. On the other hand, efficiency is also crucial due to the voluminous amounts of information found in video streams. In my research paper, a new robust and efficient algorithm capable of detecting transitions in AVI videos is developed.

In this paper, we have formulated a mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of an infectious disease in a certain community. The model allows for the individuals to move from the exposed phase to the infected phase. The model exhibits two equilibria, namely, the disease free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium. The stability of these two equilibria points is controlled by the basic reproductive number R0 which was determined using the next generation matrix approach. Using the eigenvalue elasticity analysis, it was found that the parameter denoted by ? (transmission coefficient) has the greatest impact on the formulated mathematical model which must be put into consideration by the health care policy makers in order to reduce or eradicate the spread of the infectious disease in the community.