Archives-June... 

This Magnetic Braking Systems (MBS) project summary is written to explain the importance and needs of product development of MBS for vehicle (motorcycle) and MBS Learning tools by utilizing the Project Based Learning (PjBL) via eSOLMS of producing innovative product (automotive). This concept aims to improve the braking system by using magnetic concept. Its focus on 3 aspects; 1) to producing alternative product for vehicle braking system (motocycle brake system), 2) to producing learning tools in advance automotive focus on magnetic braking system, 3) to developt self-regulation of engineering students (automotive) for producing an innovative product (MBS) focus on PjBL:eSOLMS concept. This project was focus on both automotive project development and 21 century e-learning process in nature. The product producing data was analyzed using standard engineeing forms or automotive lab sheet collection data. A total of 2 product; MBS for motocycle and MBS learning tool will intering 18-25 weeks for pilot test. The finding will shows the important and needs of product research and development of MBS in future. On the other hand, the result of lab/workshop measurement and observation on the usage for the MBS on vihacle and using MBS as learning tool hopefully effected on the development of engineering students’ self-regulation. It is hoped that the MBS concept can be further developed and implemented in the engineering advance automotive and Outcome Based Education (OBE) system of Malaysia.

Assignment problem is an important subject discussed in real physical world. We endeavor in this paper introduce by using Min Max Zero Suffix Method (MMZS) is Symmetric.This method o?ers signi?cant advantages over similar methods, in the process, ?rst we de?ne the assignment matrix, apply the transpose for original assignment problem then by using determinant representation we obtain a reduced matrix which has at least one zero in each row and columns. Then by using Min Max Zero Suffix Method (MMZS), we obtain an optimal solution for assignment problem by assigning zeros to each row and each column. The Min Max Zero Suffix Method (MMZS) is based on creating some zeros in the assignment matrix and then try to ?nd a complete assignment to their Zeros.The proposed method is a systematic procedure, easy to apply and can be utilized for all types of assignment problem with maximize or minimize objective functions

The medical device industry is one of the most dynamic fields of medical progress with thousands of new products marketed every year among other revolutionized technologies. The USFDA’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health (USFDA/CDRH) governs the Regulatory oversight of the medical devices. This article presents a summary of the Warning Letters issued for medical devices by USFDA from 2011 to 2016 and a trend analysis and statistics were made, which demonstrates a clear picture of the number of Warning Letters issued for 10 categories of Medical Devices. This was done to highlight the special issues that were observed. By comparing this data to that of the recent fiscal years, Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices manufacturing firms can gain a fair picture of the FDA enforcement trends and their probable impact on both Business and industry. The study found that the implementation of quality improvement strategies such as Six sigma, Quality by Design (QbD), Total Quality Management (TQM) can minimize the number of deviations and defects which leads to reduction in 483 observations and FDA Warning Letters.: It was found that739 Warning Letters for medical devices were issued by USFDA for FYs 2011 to 2016, wherein the FY 2012 (171) issuance was more and least in 2016 (43). Adulteration and failure to implement CAPA were the major deficiencies for which the Warning Letters were issued and the number has declined by 2016.

Different organic solvent and aqueous extracts of leaf, stem bark and root bark of Annona squamosa L. were subjected separately to test their antibacterial activity by in-vitro methods like Disc diffusion method, agar well diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration method. The extracts of Annona squamosa L. shows a wide spectrum of antibacterial activities. The chemical compounds present in the experimental plant are biologically active and inhibit the growth of human pathogenic bacteria. Four species of bacteria were selected for the present study. Among them one is gram negative (Escherichia coli) and other three are gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megatherium, Bacillus cereus). The experimental results obtained justified the folk use of this species as a cicatrizant and vulnery agent.

In this paper, a three layer Small single feed multiband microstrip antenna loaded with slit and two perpendicular shorting posts, is presented. Wide band frequency of operation demonstrated by single geometry, for broadening the bandwidth gap-coupled multi-resonator loaded on the patch, the simulation of proposed design antenna has done by MOM IE3DTM Simulator. The geometry of a single probe fed rectangular microstrip antenna has textured by slit loading and two orthogonal shorting pin on the top layer patch. We have also textured the size of the antenna. This proposed antenna is used for GSM, satellite and wireless communication in, L Band. Achieved 63% reduction of geometrical area of the antenna for L –Band, achieved 57% -10dB impedance bandwidth of L Band.

Tree height-diameter relationship can be used as an important input component in forest growth and yield models and description of stand dynamics. Five non-linear growth functions were fitted to tree height-diameter data of 21 years old Gmelina arborea plantation in Ibadan, South west Nigeria. The data consisted of three sets: 2004, 2008 and 2011 on total tree height and diameter at breast height (dbh). According to the model statistics, the five growth functions fitted the data equally well, but resulted in different asymptote estimates. Modified exponential fit was observed to give the best fit for the three data sets based on least square error, coefficient of determination and significance. The models are: Ht = (R2 = 36.21%), Ht = (R2 = 37.53%) and Ht = (R2 = 34.74%) for 2004, 2008 and 2011 data sets. The predicted values follow the same nonlinear pattern and formed close to the line of best fit without much outlier. The result of this study revealed that the ability of dbh in determining height is not strong enough based on the model’s goodness of fit and the model’s ability for predictive purposes. Hence, more variables such as age, crown area and soil fertility were recommended to be incorporated in future prediction of the tree height in the study area. Also, the potential tree height-diameter equations should be evaluated and validated for their predictive capabilities across a range of tree diameters. This useful information can help forest researchers and managers to select and apply the appropriate models.

An attempt has been made to survey biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi associated with five xerophytes from Ghodnadi area Dist. Pune, Maharashtra. The xerophytes surveyed were Argemon Mexican, Linn., Aristolochia bracteata, Rrtz.,  Chlorophytum tuberosum, Baker., Scilla indica, Baker., Tribulus terestris, Linn., Soil samples and roots of these plants were collected from four different localities. Five genera with twenty one species were reported from Ghodnadi area. The genus Glomus was dominant with 13 species. It was followed by Acaulospora with 4 species, two species of Scutellospora  were reported.  Whereas one species each of Gigaspora and Sclerocystis was reported from above area. The maximum number of AM propagules per 100 gm soil was 1980 and minimum was 4 per 100 gm soil.  The percentage root infection was ranging between zero and 90 percent.

ABSTRACT A subset D of the vertex set V(G) of a graph G is said to be a dominating set if every vertex not in D is adjacent to at least one vertex in D. A dominating set D is a connected dominating set, if < D > is a connected subgraph of G. For a Connected Graph G, a connected dominating set D is said to be a connected eccentric dominating set if for every v Î V-D, there exists at least one eccentric point of v in D. The minimum of the cardinalities of the connected eccentric dominating sets of G is called the connected eccentric domination number gced(G) of G. In this paper, bounds for g¬ced, and its exact value for some particular classes of graphs are found.

The experiment was conducted in the Desert Guide Way Farm which belongs to the Agricultural Extension Department / Agricultural Office in Karbala Governors to investigate operating of pumping unit of drip irrigation system by using multi-power sources. Multi- power Sources with three levels including: pump with motor operated with charged battery by solar and wind power, pump with motor operated with internal combustion engine by bio fuel , pump with motor operated with internal combustion engine by natural fuel (gasoline) which represent main plot and discharge levels including 3.5 let. h^(-1) and 1.8 let.h^(-1) which represent sub plot were used in this study. Water horse power, break horse power, pumping efficiency, operating cost, were studied in this experiment. Randomized complete block design ( RCBD ) with three replications was studied in this experiment.The results showed that pump with motor operated with internal combustion engine by natural fuel (gasoline) treatment got higher brake horse power reached 0.238 hp mean while pump with motor operated with charged battery by solar and wind power treatment managed to have less operating costs reached 0.71 $/day also the results showed that discharge 3.5 let ?ha?^(-1)tertment mange to have highest water horse power reached 0.203 hp and brake horse power 0.289 hp and highest pumping efficiency stood 70.28% and least operating cost stood 2.74 $/day. The interaction between the pump with motor operated with charged battery by solar and wind power with discharge 3.5 let.h^(-1) treatment gave highest water horse power and pumping efficiency and least operating cost stood 0.202 hp and 70.72% , 0.71 $ / day respectively.

Wireless ad-hoc networks allow the construction of flexible and adaptive networks with no fixed infrastructure or any base station. The core challenge is to develop efficient routing protocols for the dynamic nodes to commune with each other without any hazard or latency. A number of routing protocols such as Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV), Destination–Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) and Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) have already been presented for the communication purpose while AODV outperforms the others in terms of the efficiency. Considering several performance factors such as the packet delivery fraction (PDF), end to end delivery, normalized routing overload and the normalized MAC, this paper has proposed an improvement over the existing AODV protocol and termed it as I-AODV (improved AODV). Effectiveness of the proposed I-AODV algorithm under different level of nodal mobility is confirmed through Cygwin simulation.