Archives-December 

The diffusion equation is solved in two dimensions to obtain the concentration by using separation of variables under the variation of eddy diffusivity which depend on the vertical height in unstable case. Comparing between the predicted and the observed concentrations data of Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) taken on the Copenhagen in Denmark is done. The statistical method is used to know the best model. One finds that there is agreement between the present, Laplace and separation predicted normalized crosswind integrated concentrations with the observed normalized crosswind integrated concentrations than the predicted Gaussian model. One gets that the four models are inside a factor of two with observed data. Regarding to NMSE and FB, the present, Laplace and separation predicted models are well with observed data than the Gaussian model. The correlation of present, Laplace and separation predicated model equals (0.52, 0.64 and 0.60 respectively) and Gaussian model equals (0.80).

The use of nanofluids as the operating fluid in the TPCT (two phase closed thermosyphon) significantly improves the heat transfer. In the present study, the performance enhancement of 6063 AA TPCT container material with cerium IV oxide nanofluid is investigated by RSM using Box-Behnken Design (BBD). According to BBD design, the process parameters are heat input (A), inclination angle of TPCT (B), and the flow rate of pure water in the condenser section (C). This work resulted in identifying the optimized set of input parameters and output response of the 6063 AA TPCT.

: The equilibrium constants for metal complex formation have been employed from long as an effective measure and parameter of the affinity of a ligand for a metal ion in solution. PHmetry is one of the most convenient and successful technique employed for metal complex equilibrium measurements. pHmetric measurement of hydrogen ion concentration may be employed when the degree of complex formation is sensitive to the hydrogen ion concentration thus the degree of complex formation undergoes increase/ decrease with change in pH. In the present work, we investigate the stability constants of Paracetamol complexes with Co2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+pHmetrically using pH metric technique at three temperatures (25 ±0.1, 30 ±0.1 and 35± 0.10 C) and at an ionic strength of 0.1 mol L-1 (KNO3). The method of Calvin and Bjerrum as adopted by Irving and Rossotti has been employed to determine log K1 values. The thermodynamic parameters ?G, ?H and ?S are calculated. System tend to progress in the direction of increasing entropy as entropy is a measure of a system’s tendency towards spontaneous change. KEYWORDS: pH metry, Stability constant, Thermodynamic parameters, Entropy

Universities have always had three key roles to play: teaching, research and community service. However in recent times, they have been expected to excel in a fourth and pivotal new role, that of developers of the economy. In order to achieve this new and important role, they have had to become entrepreneurial in nature and become what has been termed “entrepreneurial universities”. This paper had as its objective the development of a roadmap for Nigerian universities to follow if they truly wanted to excel as developers of the Nigerian economy by becoming entrepreneurial universities. The roadmap covered six critical factors namely government policy, top-management buy-in, availability of finance, availability of infrastructure, quality of staff and entrepreneurship education which are considered vital for any university with aspirations of becoming entrepreneurial in nature. A critical analysis of these six factors as to their prevalence in the Nigerian context revealed that in all six critical factors, Nigerian universities had a lot of work to do to attain the minimum standard required by each of the six critical factors. Most importantly, the analysis revealed that the biggest problem among the six factors lay in the issue of sincere leadership. The authors were of the opinion that until and unless the top management of Nigerian universities put the betterment of these universities as the most important priority rather than their personal self-enrichment, none of the other five factors would be attainable, and the dream of Nigerian universities contributing positively to the development of the economy by become more entrepreneurial in nature would remain forever unfulfilled.

This paper has presented a control strategy for improving transient response performance for a plastic extrusion process.. A dynamic equation of a single screw plastic extruder was obtained. The main control variable is the screw speed in relation with the pressure and the temperature. A high degree of speed accuracy is required to ensure the optimal performance of the extrusion process. In order to adequately control the screw speed in relation to the pressure, a model reference adaptive control (MRAC) which combines a proportional integral and derivative (PID) control strategy was developed and integrated with obtained dynamic equation of a single screw plastic extrusion process considered in this context. The gain parameter of the MRAC was selected for different values and simulations were performed in Matlab/Simulink environment by altering the adaptive gain. The implemented system in Matlab/Simulink shows that the developed controller improved the transient response performance of the process. This resulted to a fast response, near zero-overshoot, and improved transient performance.

This paper investigates how marked structures in an English literary text are translated into its Persian equivalents. The research questions in this paper focus on the problematic differences between the translation of thematic sentences from English into Persian. In doing so, a corpus of English novelistic prose (The Heart of Darkness) was investigated along with its Persian translation. The model guiding the analysis was Nida’s notion of dynamic equivalence, which specifically emphasizes the effects that a translated text has on its target audience. To conduct the analysis, five categories of thematized sentences (passive, adjunct front, cleft, pseudo-cleft, topicalized) were considered. Results showed that passivation was the most frequently used thematized structure among the categories. Furthermore, it was found that translator had rendered original marked structures in the English text into both marked and unmarked Persian structures.

Language as a representation of fundamental concepts and ideas has been studied and thought worthy Crystallized thoughts, beliefs and convictions of language in different kind of languages are one of the main foci which noticed in many humanity subjects. In recent years, our knowledge and understanding of multiple aspects of “relationship” has been increased because of many investigations of language behavior. (Wales 1990); translation process is a language process which is set between two languages so understanding and recognizing it is much harder and simple conception (the only means to ignore all the elements that are involved in any cases), regardless of background, effects of relationship and the position will be like a lion with not mane and tail. Author, reader and text have features that considering to them is necessary in understanding and transferring the text message correctly; we will have different complications, even if we believe that the translation is reversing the words and patterns because, because the set of elements and syntactic patterns are very extensive and each element has its own complex problems. Translation does not mean only entering new concepts of source language to the target language yea it is a cultural, social and communicational phenomenon that should be studied independently and descriptively. Translator slowly changes phenomena and creates the new phenomena such as the author that we often don’t recognize the meaning changes due to the collection changes.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the types and causes of landslides in Kittony area of Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya. The specific objectives were: To establish the types of landslides prevalent in Kittony area and identify the factors that cause landslides in Kittony area of Elgeyo Marakwet County. The study population comprised of 2000 residents of Kittony area in Elgeyo Marakwet County. Five members of the local administration and the County Geologist were included in the study. The sample size consisted of the following respondents: Two hundred and forty six residents of Kittony area which translated to 12.3 % of the total population was selected as study respondents through Simple Random Sampling. One local chief of Kittony area and a County Geologist was purposively selected and interviewed. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design and utilized a qualitative research methodology. The systems theory was used to underpin the study and a conceptual framework showing the interrelationship between the dependent and independent variables was used to guide and conceptualize the study. The findings of the study included: The types of landslides that exist in the area are mudslides, rock fall and earth flows. The heavy rains, poor soils and the rugged topography in the area as factors that triggered landslides. That the government despite assisting by providing humanitarian assistance and advising people to move to safer locations, more was needed in terms of relocating residents to safer areas and converting the affected areas into forest lands, building gabions to control soil erosion and controlling other human activities. This study can also be replicated in other areas having similar problems.

The adsorption of mercuric ions (Hg2+) on nano zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs) structure was studied using the Monte Carlo simulation and the density functional theory (DFT) methods. The obtained results have shown that the adsorption process is thermodynamically favorable. The mercuric ions are strongly adsorbed on the ZnO-NPs structures due to the formation of the chemical bonds resulted from the positive overlap between p-orbitals of the adsorbate species and the p-orbitals of the zinc atoms in the structure of ZnO-NPs.

Kaolin is a clay mineral that has a wide application in the industry, depending on its purity. The quality of kaolin mined around the world is depleting especially with depth and rate of mining. Consequently the usability of this mineral is threatened by the presence of some inherent impurities. Beneficiation enhances kaolin applications; hence, it becomes imperative to understudy comparative means of upgrading kaolin, for the process integration and optimization. The amenability of using magnetic separation for removing the iron oxide and titanium oxide impurities from the Egyptian Kaolin has been studied. Different variables affecting of magnetic separation process such as solid percent, magnetic field, matrix loading capacity, and retention time were studied. The results indicated that substantial decrease in iron oxide (from 1.69 % to 0.75 %) and TiO2 (from 3.1 % to 0.71 %) contents as well as improving iso-brightness (from 63.76 % to 75.21 % and whiteness (from 79.85 % to 86.72 %) of the product could be achieved.