Archives-February 2013

In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed to study the effect of the depleting dissolved oxygen on the existence of interacting planktonic population. The mathematical model is formulated using the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The model includes four state variables viz., nutrient concentration, density of algae, and density of the zooplankton population and concentration of dissolved oxygen. All the feasible equilibria of the system are obtained and the conditions for the existence of the interior equilibrium are determined. The local stability analyses of all the feasible equilibrium points are obtained. The non-linear stability analysis of the non trivial equilibrium point has been carried out and the criteria for the survival or extinction of the species have been obtained with numerical simulation.

In this research we synthesized yellow colored salen ligand from the condensation reaction of ethylenediamine and salicylaldehyde in absolute ethanol. After this, we synthesized salen and thiocyanate bridging ligand complexes of transition metals including Co(II), Fe(III), Cu(II) and Mn(II). Synthesized compounds were characterized with application of IR, Uv/Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry and conductivity. Presence of a sharp pick near to 2000cm^-1 supports coordination of thiocyanate ligand to metal center. Shifts in Ir spectra of complexes compared with free ligand refres to coordination on salen ligand to metals via O and N dentates. As a result of ligand coordination to metals, shifts and absorption magnitude in UV/Vis spectra of complexes in the comparison with ligand can be observed. Conductivity measurements revealed that some complexes are ionic compounds. CV characterizations showed that the compounds have reversible and irreversible behaviors.

Reading is a valuable source of input and plays a major role in the process of language learning. It helps learners gain information, broadens their understanding of different subjects, and thus assists them in achieving their academic goals (Renandya & Jacobs, 2002). One of the main methods to enhance easy, joyful and active reading is through the utilization of reading strategies. The present article is a synthesis and review of the most recent studies in the field of reading strategies in Iran.

Web is an enormous warehouse of knowledge and frequent hyperlinks. Web also serves a wide diversity of user communities and worldwide information service centers. Every minutes the knowledge in web page upwards swiftly. Web page is used to transmit the knowledge to web users. Such voluminous size of web makes a complexity of web information retrieval, web content filtering, web usage mining and web structure mining. Hence, it is essential to perform proper categorization of web pages. This paper formulates the web page categorization problem as multi classification task and provides an appropriate solution using support vector machine. The classification model is generated by learning the features that have been extracted from different category of HTML structures and URLs of the web pages. The experimental results of support vector machine with various kernels have been evaluated and observed that accuracy of web page categorization model with RBF kernel (98.5%) performs well than linear and polynomial kernel.

Rural development hinges on soci-economic and institutional development of the region and the inhabitants. Inclusion of excluded confirms to sumptuous development and amidst women is considered as one of the strong deterministic pillars to it. The “Action-Oriented Learning (AoL)” is a process led approach of inclusion of marginalized to the mainstream development, and thereby ensures sustainable development. The study is assessing the inclusive impact of “Sustainable Tribal Empowerment Project-(STEP)” executed in four northern districts of the state of Andhra Pradesh to restore the life and livelihood of tribal adhering in-situ  approaches to rural development as well as fostering due cognizance of social-ecological-institutional factors.

Traditional economic production / order quantity (EPQ/EOQ) models make various simplifying assumptions in order to arrive at a closed form solution for the optimal lotsize in a production facility. The assumption of fixed unit cost in EOQ / EPQ models has also been tackled by many researchers. For example, Cheng (1991) formulated a problem where production cost is affected by both the product’s demand and the process reliability. Lee (1994), by formulating the unit cost on a function of the order quantity, took the economies of scale into account. Quality level of the product and specifications of the adopted manufacturing process also affect the unit product’s cost. Therefore, in this paper we consider a profit maximizing firm who wants to jointly determine the optimal lotsizing, pricing and marketing decisions along with manufacturing requirements in terms of flexibility and reliability of the process. The objective is to determine the optimal order lotsize to maximize the total profit by employing the type of fuzzy numbers which are triangular. We propose two fuzzy inventory model in which first model with fuzzy reliability level and second model with fuzzy reliability level and second model with fuzzy reliability and fuzzy economic production quantity (EPQ) is presented. For ech case we employ the signed distance, a ranking method for fuzzy numbers, to find the estimate of total profit per unit time in the fuzzy sense and then derive the corresponding optimal lotsize. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the results of proposed models.

In this research work, Artificial Neural Network Model(ANN) for the composite circular steel tubes- with re-cycled concrete infill with three different grades of concrete(M20,M40 and M60) are tested for ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under axial monotonic loading for compression has been developed. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and thickness, and specimens were tested separately. In this paper, authors have developed a suitable artificial neural network model using feed forward back propagation network having verified it for 11 hidden layers as per Kolmogorov’s theorem. The developed ANN model has been verified with the experimental results conducted on composite steel columns (axial load) using Tagauchi’s model. Being a flexible building method, the ANN is an ideal tool to construct the complex relationship between the input and the output parameters accurately. The ANN technique is used to predict the crushing behavior of axial shortening and ultimate axial load in composite circular steel columns. Effects of parameters such as network architecture and number of hidden layer neurons are considered. Predictions are compared to experimental results and are shown to be in good agreement.

Marriage is a social tradition that has been used since the beginning of human life is the unity Religious and non-religious sacred among all nations and in all ages have In this treaty couples are committed to each other to be loyalty but unfortunately, due to the seen several affairs with married women, boys, and men are married, the relationship adverse effects for the individual as well as community and family are traitors. First, there's the traitor would betray their honor then his wife and family. Even reflects societies lack of action no effect causes are multiple and often betrayed by financial difficulties, intellectual, gender, and the environment shown each of these efforts is that the roots of betrayal and ways to surmount these problems will be presented.

People concerned with educational matters do not consider theories as ends in themselves but as means to achieve ends (Ellis, 1990). This paper is the outcome of a study conducted according to Gardner (1983, 1993, 2005)’s Multiple Intelligences (MI) theory. The objective, however, is to coordinate classroom activities with language students’ intelligences in order to assist students cope with the limitations associated with the learning context and for them to have better achievements. To do this, a validated modified version of Silver and Strong (1998)’s MI Indicator has been employed and 119 university students have been subjected to MI analysis. The results gained as the outcome of factor analysis, descriptive statitics, T-test and correlation furnished a pool of information to draw on in order to employ effective learning activities.

Network approach for policy-making emphasizes on dependence of government, organizations, groups and people who are in policy-making domain. This essay wants to explain the concept of networks and policy networks and analyzes the effect of chaos theory and its complexity and role in policy networks, too. The chaos theory learns us; organizations which are in border of order and chaos, are more successful. Organizations will be destroyed when they have a lot of order and don't have any flexibility. Organizations which are in the border of order and chaos can increase their flexibility by making changes in work's methods and using of different work's shapes and this flexibility lets them for compatibility with environmental changes. Finally, this essay will consider three kinds of future orientations in policy networks which consist of; rational choice, analysis of network and case study.