Mechanical Engineering

The purpose of this paper is to develop a plan for reducing a lead time in a small scale furniture manufacturing industry by using Value Stream Mapping Technique with Value Engineering. In this paper VSM technique is applied in furniture manufacturing small scale industry to identify the ways of reducing waste while at the same time increasing the proportion of the processes that add value to the product. The wastes in this furniture industry is mostly in the form of over production, transportation and delay. The reasons observed are inadequate coordination among the operators, improper planning, non effective use of machine, improper flow etc. Here the flow process chart is constructed to calculate the number of operation, transportation, delay, inspection and storage with distance travelled by the product for existing and proposed methods in which considerable saving is achieved. Also the Current and Future VSM is created for small scale furniture industry which manufactures office tables. In this the lead time can be reduced considerably with the reduction in NVA time and the process time. There is a considerable rise in VA time of 10.41% with the value addition by modification of the table with less process time.

Applications of laser are becoming very important topic in the current research. A large number of applications are already done for the use of laser technology in agriculture. This technology has already proven to be a user-friendly as per the need of the situations. This technology is becoming a well known and acceptable technique to the farmers. Now it has also proven that this technology is no longer as costly and within the reach of a farmer for his specific requirements. Real-time control is becoming an integral part of modern machine systems for high-quality agricultural production. Maintaining consistently high-quality agricultural production, while keeping up with growing labor shortages is a challenge. Labor shortages and environmental constraints coupled with the reality of spatial variability of chemical and physical properties among and within agricultural production areas readily explain the migration toward real-time control of agricultural equipment. The paper aims to describe the major field of applications of laser technology in agriculture in the past time. This paper also presents a review of the most recent advances in the development of sensors and controllers for agricultural applications.

In today’s competitive business scenario manufacturing industries are under the pressure to reduce cost and cycle time. It is a lean manufacturing concept with a systematic approach to identify and eliminate waste through continuous and sustained improvements by manufacturing the product at the pull of the customer in pursuit of perfection. This paper is to Design and Integrate Assembly Lines ‘A’ and ‘B’ based on ‘Lean Concept’ using MTM/UAS analysis for determine the time and to identify the improvement. The study was carried out in 2 assembly lines in a reputed manufacturing industry. The paper concentrates only on assembly line and where assembly line ‘B’ is to be accommodated into assembly line ‘A’. The main focus of the paper is to study the existing system and designing the new solution based on Lean Line Design concept which would follow the standards of the manufacturing industry.

Recently, massive interest was paid to new technologies dealing with environmental aspect. Perpetuation of natural resources such as natural fibre reinforced polymeric composite leads the upcoming manufacturing industry to search and scrutinize eco-friendly materials. The use of composites in manufacturing equipment and products is taking a very important space in the industry in general. Moreover these materials have unique characteristics when analyzed separately from constituents who are part of them. However, it is known that care must be taken in their manufacture, as the use of appropriate process and the composition of each element, in addition to adherence of fibre, which is a major factor in obtaining the final mechanical strength of the product. One should also take into account whether the composites are environmentally friendly. For this reason, in this work, a composite partially ecological was made, using sisal as reinforcement, which is a natural fibre with renowned mechanical properties as dispersed phase of the composite in the polypropylene resin, in quest of improving the mechanical behaviour of NFRP composite.

Agricultural Machinery is mostly used in off road i.e. in the field. In the field these machines perform different field operations like Ploughing, where the parts are subjected to stresses like tensile stress, compressive stress and shear stress thereby high wear due to heavy loads. The critical components in the agriculture machinery are either forged or fabricated out of medium carbon steel by unorganized sectors in India. As a result the users suffer on account of quality and short service life of these components. Recently Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) has come up which has high strength, high wear resistance and less manufacturing cost. This material is now being widely used in production of critical agricultural machinery components for cost effectiveness uses. The paper described the Mechanical, Tribological properties of Austempered ductile iron and its application areas in agricultural machinery in India and abroad.

The Availability-Redundancy Allocation Problem (ARAP) is a kind of reliability optimization problems. It involves the selection of components with appropriate levels of redundancy or reliability/availability for maximizing the system availability under some predefined constraints. Identical redundant elements are included in order to achieve a desirable level of availability. Classical mathematical methods fail in handling non-convexities and non-smoothness in optimization problems. This drawback has been removed through meta-heuristics due to their ability of finding an almost global optimal solution in reliability–redundancy optimization problems. Artificial bee colony (ABC) is one of such meta-heuristic algorithm. This paper aims to present an ABC algorithm to search the optimal solution of ARAP with nonlinear resource constraints of a parallel-series system. A washing unit of a paper mill has been taken to illustrate the approach. The experimental results demonstrate that the evolutionary approach can provide more promising solutions in comparison with the widely used single-objective approaches by classical method on parallel-series systems which are frequently studied in the field of reliability optimization.

Magnetic bearing centrifugal pumps are the latest model of artificial hearts for long-term use. The impeller is the only moving part in these pump which can leads to lower blood damage due to travel through the pump. In this paper computational fluid dynamics as an advanced tool is employed to simulate blood dynamics in a magnetic bearing centrifugal pump. Different simulations are performed for various ranges of device speeds (2000, 3000 and 4000 rpm) and various flow rates (1, 2,3,5,7 and 9 ). As a main performance of the pump, hydraulic pressure rise is investigated. The results show that the pump can generate sufficient pressure due to different physiological activities. Also shear stress distribution specified that stress around the pump’s blades (high potential regions for blood damage) is less than 98 pa which is much lower than critical stress for blood pumps.

EOR method evaluation is performing for petroleum gravity, stone type, and tank humectant and tank localities conditions for liquid injection. When the water inject to the tank the interaction could be performed in different ways, if the is humectant, penetrated water canexit petroleum from tank, which is because of capillary absorption. The studies have been done on the tube lines, land and the metal workforces that are related to the oil and gas industries, shows that in most cases, weld lines and edge of a sharp regions has been influencing on location of corrosion and eroding of effective thickness of coating film. In this study we studied EOR methods for dense oil recovery from mold in the breakage tanks. Analyze and comparison of recovery with capillarity of salty water, polymeric solution and hot water on different sample of rocks showed high recovery of dense row oil in the EOR methods, and it is more detected in the diluted row oil. Oil (diluted) can recover by water injection in the sand stone condition and with chemical matter and thermal methods.

Compressor characteristics, being representations of the compressor pressure ratio as a function of gas flow through the compressor have been studied. Compressors are used in turbochargers to increase the pressure of air and also its density greater than ambient. Choosing the right compressor is very important in obtaining best power output of engine by turbocharging, so it is important to have compressor map for matching turbocharger with a particular engine. Compressor map is drawn by running compressor at varying speeds and mass flows. In this paper compressor characteristics were investigated through CFD analysis.

In this paper, a helical coil tube in tube heat exchanger was designed and used in carbon dioxide solar assisted heat pump system (SAHP) to provide hot water for domestic applications and to operate an air gap membrane desalination (AGMD) unit. Both theoretical and experimental studies to investigate the performance of the gas cooler with Glycol Ethylene 50% and water as coolants were performed. The experimental part to study the behavior of the carbon dioxide in the supercritical region was conducted on the R744 heat pump test rig located at Department of Energy and Process Engineering – NTNU. On the other hand, FEA using ANSYS Fluent 18.1 was used to conduct the theoretical analysis. The study includes effect of inlet temperature of both coolants, effect of discharge pressure, effect of mass flow rate of water, and logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD). Good agreements between Experimental and simulation results were achieved. Results showed that the outlet temperature of the refrigerant from the gas cooler decreased from 81 oC to 40 oC, with 0.085 bar average pressure drop due to the heat rejection process. The outlet temperature of the refrigerant from the gas cooler in case of water is 8 oC lower than with ethylene glycol 50%. The outlet temperature of water reached 57 oC which is enough for domestic applications and to operate the AGMD unit to produce fresh water. It is observed that the pressure drop in the refrigerant by using water as coolant is higher by 0.2 bar than when ethylene glycol 50% used. Results also revealed that the value of LMTD of the gas cooler using ethylene glycol 50% is 24.3 % higher than the LMTD value when using water.