Mechanical Engineering

This paper gives the brief out line about the worldwide production cottonseed & its oil, Cotton Seed Oil (CSO) properties, its comparison with diesel and Jatropha biodiesel. It investigates the performance of a diesel engine using diesel fuel and cottonseed oil (CSO) biodiesel in terms of brake thermal efficiency and indicated thermal efficiency for conventional diesel, cottonseed oil, as well as for Jatropha oil. For this aim, A Single Cylinder, 4-stroke vertical, water-cooled, self-governed diesel engine developing 5 HP at 1500 rpm (Rope brake dynamometer with spring balances and loading screw. Brake drum diameter = 0.400 m.) engine is selected for the testing with diesel fuel and neat bio-diesel, which is cottonseed oil methyl ester, at full load conditions. The evaluation of theoretical data showed that the brake thermal efficiency and indicated thermal efficiency of CSO biodiesel was slightly higher than that of diesel fuel and Jatropha oil. This study reveals that the use of cottonseed oil biodiesel improves the performance parameters of CI engine compared to conventional diesel fuel.

Biodiesel derived from nonedible feed stocks such as Mahua, Jatropha, Pongamia are detailed to be feasible choices for developing countries including India. This paper presents the results of investigation of performance and emissions characteristics of diesel engine using Mahua biodiesel. In this paper, the blends of varying proportions of Mahua biodiesel and diesel were prepared, analyzed and compared with the performance of diesel fuel, studied using a single cylinder diesel engine. The brake thermal efficiency, brake-specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperatures, Co, Hc, No, and smoke emissions was analyzed. The tests showed decrease in the brake thermal efficiencies (BTE) of the engine as the amount of Mahua biodiesel in the blend increased. The maximum percentage of reduction in BTE is 14.3% was observed for B-100 at full load. The exhaust gas temperature with the blends decreased as the proportion of Mahua increases in the blend. The smoke, Co, and No emissions of the engine were increased with the blends at all loads. However, Hc emissions of Mahua biodiesels were less than that of diesel.

The present work deals with experimental studies on heat transfer and flow characteristic for buoyancy induced flow through inclined tubes. The parameters varied during the experimentation are; tube inclination and heat supply. It was found that mass flow rate and heat transfer coefficient increases with increase in heat flux supplied. The flow rate decreases for increase in tube inclination.

Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) own benefit in manufacturing of modern materials, particularly used in the space engineering technology as well as in therapeutic industries. With WEDM advancement, complex components can be able to cut easily those hard to machine with conventional process. Obtained high level of precision component and fine surface finish leads WEDM important, WEDM so perplexing in characteristic, as a result choice of fitting information variables is unrealistic by experimentation process. In any machining process, the machining parameters fundamentally influence quality; cost, time and production rate of a manufactured product. WEDM methodology includes more number of variables that influence its execution. However, in the illumination of the writing study and based on the previous tests, pulse on time, pulse off time, wire pressure, and water pressure are considered for the investigation. In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is utilized to show relation between the information and yield reactions by using trial information, gathered based on DOE. MRR and Ra were plotted and examined based on impact of information process parameters. Later on the created design can be used for optimization.

This paper is a review on Warranty analysis, it basically explain about how warranty cost is important to handle carefully by all element of organization. Warranty cost needs uniformity to analyze throughout its user. Warranty cost analysis is challenging procedure as data become complicated when it consider different real life situations. Warranty claims are also part of effective warranty analysis. Different models explained by researches discussed to understand warranty analysis aspect. It studied different model for warranty analysis.

Some physical properties of the rough rice were studied at 10.29, 15.37, 20.5, 25.4, and 30.6% d.b. moisture contents. The length, width, thickness, equivalent diameter, and sphericity increased linearly from 10.63 to 10.82 mm, 1.96 to 2.14 mm, 1.82 to 1.99 mm, 3.34 to 3.55 mm, and 31.52 to 33.24%, respectively, as moisture content increased from 10.29 to 30.6% d.b. In the same moisture range, the one-thousand grain mass, grain volume, surface area, and angle of repose increased linearly from 21.34 to 25.04 g, 20.62 to 24.16 mm3, 34.45 to 38.36 mm2, and 28.54º to 39.41 º, respectively. Results showed that the bulk density, true density, and porosity increased linearly from 480.32 to 499.12 kg/m3, 945.71 to 1131.02 kg/m3, and 49.21 to 55.87%, respectively, with increasing moisture content. The static coefficient of friction varied from 0.479 to 0.732 over different structural surfaces in the specified moisture content range. The specific heat capacity varied from 1654 to 2517 J/kg K in 50, 60, 70, and 100 ºC particles temperatures and for the specified moisture content levels.

Service sectors such as banking, healthcare, hospitals, retail etc in India are facing an immense pressure from customers in providing the services at a faster rate with a greater quality. At present, service sectors are increasingly becoming a customer centric service provider. Integration of Lean and Six Sigma is a kind of quality and time enhancing strategy that can help service sectors to win the customer loyalty and growth. However, Lean Six Sigma itself is only not enough to meet the rapidly increasing competition, but also, the integration between Lean Six Sigma and the knowledge management is very important. The study examines the achievable benefits by the use of knowledge management and also gives the critical analysis of the impact of Lean Six Sigma in service sectors and the customer satisfaction by providing the products and services at the best quality within the least time (customer available time). The article provides “5 I” (5 I – Identify, Investigate, Improve, Implement and Impart) approach with Lean and Six Sigma combination and the tools and techniques to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the services and products that provide. In this article “5 I” approach explains the use of tools and methodology to be adopted to streamline the process and also to improve the quality in the output. The 5I approach with the tool box explained in the article interim will help in growth of service sectors in India in achieving effectiveness and efficiency. It also provides the customer satisfaction by providing the services faster, greater quality and lesser cost.

Metal inert gas (MIG) welding is a fusion welding process having wide applications in industry. In any welding process, proper selection of input parameters is necessary to obtain good quality welds and consequently, increase the productivity of the process. Invariably, quality of welds is specified in terms of their ability to meet the service load requirements, zero-defect condition and/or cost-effective production. However, it is observed that a ‘Good Weld Bead Geometry’ can often be used to stipulate the weld quality as well as ensures one or more of the former considerations. The weld bead geometry is expressed in terms of six output parameters (called responses), viz., height of reinforcement (R), depth of penetration (P), weld bead width (W), per cent dilution (%D) and shape relationships such as weld penetration shape factor (W/P) and weld reinforcement form factor (W/R). This paper reports the experimental work with regard to developing a bead geometry-based criterion for acceptance of weldments prepared by MIG. Taguchi design method, comprising L16 orthogonal array (OA) was used to conduct the experimental with two replications and graphical method of analysis was used to arrive at the optimum combination of process parameters. The Responses were expressed in terms of six input process parameters, namely, wire feed rate (WFR), arc voltage (V), welding speed (WS), stand-off-distance (SOD), shielding gas flow rate (GFR) and parent material plate thickness (PT). Influence of the six main factors and their two-factor interactions were studied and the results are presented. It is observed that an increase in parameters like wire feed rate, welding speed, SOD and plate thickness will also result in a corresponding increase in reinforcement while they affect penetration in a negative way. On the other hand, a decrease in arc voltage results in an increase in reinforcement, but penetration decreases. The effect of GFR is typical, in the sense, as it is increased reinforcement decreases, but penetration shows an increasing trend. Further, weld bead width shows a positive correspondence with almost all input parameters. But, it has a negative relationship with SOD while it is unaffected by GFR. Also, the effect of 2-factor interactions have been studied and presented in this paper.

In this study food waste from a restaurant, chicken waste and waste flour are used as feedstock. Along with this, one new biogas unit model is used and compared with the existing one for various features. The outcomes are documented. Different decisive parameters were verified and got compared with those generated from conventional type of feed stock in various AD processes mentioned in different literature searched. With the individual effect all above influensive parameters, the relation between them is also verified which shown consistent results.

The prediction of long term mechanical properties of sandwich structures consisting of PU foam core and Vinyl Ester (VE) / Glass face sheet material under temperature, humidity and salt fog environment were performed by accelerated testing methodology based on the Time-Temperature superposition principle (TTSP). PU foam cored VE/ glass fibre reinforced sandwich structures with varied densities of PU foam were prepared and tested for degradation in flexurall properties at three different temperatures (30° C, 40° C, and 50° C) and RH 95% for a period of 120 days. The degradation in flexural properties such as Facing Bending Strength (FBS), Core Shear Strength (CSS) and compression properties (edgewise and flatwise strength) were studied. The master curves for FBS, CSS,ECS and FCS were constructed by using the test data obtained from the degradation studies at three different temperature conditions based on Time temperature super position principle and the acceleration factor has been determined. An effort has been made to develop methodologies for accelerated testing of sandwich structures for long term durability considering time, marine ambiance, temperature and humidity as major influencing parameters