Mechanical Engineering

Generally medicines must be stored and handled in accordance with the manufacturer’s guidelines in order to maintain the quality of the product. Storage outside the recommended temperature range can result in chemical and physical changes to the product which may lead to a loss of efficacy and may cause harm to the patients. In order to maintain such recommended temperatures we generally use vapour compression refrigeration systems. The main drawback is emission of CFC compounds (refrigerants) like R22 upon leakage which could produce harmful effects on environment like ozone depletion. This work aims at developing alternate system for producing refrigeration effect called Thermo Electric Refrigeration. Thermoelectric cooling devices utilize the Peltier effect, whereby the passage of a direct electric current through the junction of two dissimilar conducting materials causes the junction to either cool down (absorbing heat) or warm up (rejecting heat), depending on the direction of the current. Finally using this thermoelectric principle a cold storage is fabricated for preserving the medicines and tested. The minimum cooling temperatures obtained are 10°C at 36°C ambient temperature in 210 minutes that is 3 hours 30 minutes.

A typical manufacturing plant has number of diverse activities interacting with each other. Facilities layout consists of the production areas and personnel areas within the building. Plant layout design is one of the strategic fields that determine the long run efficiency of operation. Facility Layout Problem involves the positioning of cells within a given area so as to minimize the material flow costs between cells. The Layout Design Problem is both tactically and strategically important since the layout plays a large role in determining the efficiency and flexibility of the manufacturing plant. Flexible Plant Layout algorithm is used to minimize the material handling cost and deal with the changes in future. In this project CRAFT (Computerized Relative Allocation of Facilities Technique) algorithm is used for designing of plant layout. CRAFT algorithm is one of the most developed and used algorithm for design or optimizing a facility layout which mainly emphasis on the material handling cost and the layout cost.

A Multi Hole pressure Probes (MHP) with five holes and conically shaped was designed for Air craft data sensors for calibrating the total pressure, static pressure, flow angle and flow speed. The main principle of five-hole probe is based on the notion that Mach number, pressure and directionality of the incoming stream may correlated with the combination of pressure readings. The general aspects of the five-hole conical probe were studied by various research papers and concluded with the final design of conical probe with 600 included angles which is applicable Air craft data sensors and also for both subsonic and supersonic wind tunnel test sections. Numerical calibration using ANSYS FLUENT 14.0 is done.

The conventional propellers for marine application are the standard Propulsion System for surface ships & underwater vehicles. These propellers are metallic alloy type like NAB (nickel aluminum bronze), NMnB, and MnAlb etc. Because of their high strength and stiffness, But they create more vibrations & noise, expensive machining process ,poor acoustic damping properties ,low corrosion & fatigue performance. The present proposed study on the composite marine propeller which is contrary to metallic propeller properties & has advantages like high strength to weight ratio, stiffness to weight ratio &has most unique characteristic shape adaptability. The propeller design is to be carried by The standard KCD-series model propeller with 5 blades.it require high end modeling to get a required hydrofoil shape is carried in CATIA .The structural &vibration analysis will be done in ALTAIR OPTISTRUCT FEA to compare the metallic & composite to evaluate the suitability of composite material for marine propeller. Than analysis is carried for different layup materials of composite propeller to get an optimum stresses, deflections and normal modes of frequencies.

The second order slip boundary condition influence on diffusion of chemically reactive species of non-Newtonian fluid over a vertical permeable linearly stretching or shrinking sheet with surface mass transfer is considered using a second order slip flow model. Casson fluid model is used to characterize the non-Newtonian fluid behavior. The first order chemical reaction is considered. Choosing appropriate similarity variables, the partial differential equations are transformed into a set of non-linear self-similar ordinary differential equations, which are then solved numerically using the function bvp4c from Matlab for different values of the governing parameters. The results clearly show that the second order slip flow model is necessary to predict the flow characteristics accurately. A comprehensive numerical computation is carried out for various values of the parameters that describe the flow characteristics.

Cellular Manufacturing System (CMS) is an application of Group Technology (GT) in which functionally dissimilar machines are grouped together to form a family of parts. This work gives an overview of the Back Propagation Network (BPN) based approaches to form the machine cells and component grouping for minimizing the exceptional elements and bottleneck machines. This method is applied to the known benchmark problems found in literature, and it is found to be equal or best when compared to in terms of minimizing number of exceptional elements.

Recently, the issue of machine condition monitoring became global due to the potential advantages to be obtained from decreased maintenance costs, improved productivity and increased machine availability. Vibration technique in a machine condition monitoring provides useful reliable information, bringing significant cost benefits to industry. By comparing the signals of a machine running in normal and faulty conditions, detection of fault like journal-bearing defect is possible. This paper deal a new method of engine journal-bearing fault diagnosis based on Power Spectral Density (PSD) of vibration signals in combination with Support Vector Machine (SVM). The frequency domain vibration signals of an internal combustion engine (IC engine) with three main journal-bearing conditions were gained, corresponding to, (i) normal, (ii) corrosion and (iii) excessive wear. The features of PSD values of vibration signals were extracted using statistical and vibration parameters. The extracted features were used as inputs to the SVM for three-class identification. The roles of PSD technique and SVM classifier were investigated. Results showed that the accuracy rate of fault diagnosis of the IC engine main journal-bearing was 100%. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has the potential for fault diagnosis of main journal-bearing of IC engine.

Biodiesel with diesel additives have been attaining increased attention from engine researchers in the point of the energy crisis and growing environmental issues. The present work is aimed at experimental investigation of polymer based additive are mixed in different proportions with B15 (15% of Mamey Sapote oil + 85% of diesel) bio diesel. Experiments were done on a 4-Stroke single cylinder variable compression ratio ignition engine by varying percentage by volume of SC 5D additives in diesel-biodiesel blends. Their emissions and performance results are compared with base fuel B15 bio diesel. By mixing of this additive, it is observed that cetane index number is increased. The tests conducted at full load and varying speed conditions. At full load for B15 with 2500: 5 ml blend shows that the results of HC, NOx, C0 & smoke density are reduced by 10%, 24%, 16% & 11.12% respectively. Brake power is increased 2.19% whereas brake specific fuel consumption is decreased by 9.09% and for B15 with 2000:3 brake thermal efficiency increased by 4.16%.

It is found from the literature survey that very few comprehensive reviews exist on the Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using isobutanol–diesel fuel blends. Some of the important reviews on fish oil with Isobutonal as an additive, diesel with different percentages blend with Isobutonal, butonal- gasoline blends effects on the combustion process in a SI engine have been reviewed. Different Isobutonal blends with base fuels experimental performances including both diesel engine and gasoline engines have been reviewed. An attempt is being made to identify best performing methods from the literature reviewed; this will be a reference for further research. This paper deals with updated review of the literature on performance and emission analysis with Isobutonal blends with diesel and biodiesel under the resource constrained.

The AWJM is widely used to process the different materials. The material considered for the experimental study is commercial aluminum, mild steel and EN8. The operating parameters, namely pressure, cutting speed and abrasive flow rate are varied during to find its effect on metal removal rate. Attempt is made to establish relationship between operating parameters and material removal rate by using regression analysis & ANOVA. Experimental study is performed to validate the results. It is observed that pressure & abrasive flow rate are the most significant parameters that affect the material removal rate in AWJM.