Electrical and Electronics

A centrality measure has been proposed considering the directionality of power flow of future smart grid. Applicability of the proposed method has been evaluated in several standard IEEE test systems. Various comparisons are shown between impacts of removal of critical nodes found from two different models: nondirectional and bidirectional. Larger impact of removing critical nodes found from bidirectional flow model shows the utility of the proposed method. Measures of impacts considered are changes in path length, loss of connectivity and load lost during cascade.

Seeker optimization algorithm (SOA), a novel heuristic population-based search algorithm, is utilized in this paper to solve different economic dispatch (ED) problems of thermal power units. In the SOA, the act of human searching capability and understanding are exploited for the purpose of optimization. In this algorithm, the search direction is based on empirical gradient by evaluating the response to the position changes and the step length is based on uncertainty reasoning by using a simple fuzzy rule. The effectiveness of the algorithm as tested on two large-scale test power systems to solve the ED problems. The results obtained by the SOA are compared to the other different algorithms published in the recent literatures to establish its superiority.

GPS receivers plays a greater role for calculating and determining the precise point positioning and deals with the navigational massages, also one of the main uses of high-end GPS receivers is for scientific research and space science analysis. The handheld GPS receivers were utilized for experimental purposes contrary to the traditional application for recreation and geo-catching activities. The classification of different commercial GPS receivers gave an inside ideas for application and utilization of these receivers in the field of laboratory research. Garmin GPS handheld receivers performed an excellent example in conducting experimental work for GPS propagation data analysis.

Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIGs) are currently extensively used in variable speed wind power plants due to their superior advantages that include reduced converter rating, low cost, reduced losses, easy implementation of power factor correction schemes, variable speed operation and four quadrants active and reactive power control capabilities. On the other hand, DFIG sensitivity to grid disturbances, especially for voltage sags represents the main disadvantage of the equipment. In this paper, a coil is proposed to be integrated within the DFIG converters to improve the overall performance of a DFIG-based wind energy conversion system (WECS). The charging and discharging of the coil are controlled by controlling the duty cycle of the switches of the dc-dc chopper. Simulation results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed topology in improving the overall performance of the WECS system under study.

In this paper we are providing an idea of implementing stress analysis algorithms in the basic user interface of the operating system. There are four methods provided from which the user can be analyzed for stress levels by using general usage of his/her cell phone. The mobile device not just performs the task of stress analysis but it also notifies the user if the stress levels go above a critical limit and also notifies the related doctor if the patient ignores the constant notification by the cell phone.

Corona effect has been considered as a source of substantial loss particular to High Voltage AC Transmission lines. The project report presents comprehensive account of development of a Matlab Simulink based model for the Corona Effect which is designed considering Peek’s equation. The model provides analysis of Corona loss impact on Transmission power in response to the variation in the factors on which Corona effect depends upon. The transmission power has been simulated to plot Corona losses based on variation in Temperature, Conductor Radius and Conductor spacing.

The distributed synchronous compensation is a shunt connected FACTS device which supplies reactive power to the load to improve the voltage stability of the load buses. In this system the voltage regulation can be improved by reducing the losses. This work deals with comparison of Push Pull and Voltage Inverter based D-STATCOM for multi bus system. Eight bus system is modeled using the elements of SIMULATION. The models are developed for eight bus system with and without D-STATCOM. The two D- STATCOM systems are compared with respect to total harmonic distortion and reactive power comparison. The D-STATCOM is studied with respect to the voltage stability improvement at the load buses. The results of VSI based D-STATCOM system are compared with those of Push pull inverter based D-STATCOM system.

This project aims at detecting and alerting the user about the carbon di-oxide and the carbon monoxide levels in the surrounding. This is a programmed project so that the threshold levels can be changed according to the surroundings. For example: house, storage facility, chemical laboratory, etc.

As complexity of distribution network has grown [7], automation of substation has become a need of every utility company to increase its efficiency and to improve quality of power being delivered [5]. The proposed project which is GSM cellular network based controlling of substation [5][12] will help the utility companies, by ensuring that their local-substation faults [8][9][10] are immediately realized and reported to their concerned departments via GSM, to ensure that duration of power interruption is decreased. The measured parameters will be sending in the form of SMS messages. The microcontroller will interact with the sensors installed at the local substation and perform task as commanded [3]. Electrical parameters like current, voltage will be compared continuously to its rated value [13] will help protect the distribution and power transformer from burning due to overload, short circuit fault, over voltages and surges. Under such conditions, entire unit is shut down via the control section comprising of relays sensing it, and immediately turning the circuit breaker off. SMS alerts can also be generated to indicate this. The use of GSM makes the substation intelligent [4] in the sense that it is able to transmit alerts and information and receive commands. This enables to reduce labor cost at substation and saves time. Thus the monitoring and working efficiency of the sub-station will drastically increase.

Integrated ecosystem provides the use of biodiversity and ecosystem services into an overall strategy for helping people adapt to climate change. To date, insights into these approaches have often been based on reports from isolated anecdotal case studies. Though, these are informative, and provide evidence that people are using ecosystems to adapt, they provide rather limited insight in terms of measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of integrated ecosystem, especially when compared with technical or structural adaptation interventions. The body of scientific evidence indicating how effective such approaches are is lacking in some aspects. Where evidence does exist, it is often dispersed across a range of related fields, such as natural resource management, disaster risk reduction and agroecology. To date, there has been little attempt to systematically assemble and analyze this evidence. Therefore, evidence in respect of the merits or otherwise of integrated ecosystem is unknown and it has not been possible to identify prevailing knowledge gaps to inform further research and analysis, which will enable policymakers to compare integrated ecosystem with other adaptation options. Hence, this paper is emphasizing the identified gaps for further research purposes.