Literature

Traditionally, classicism and romanticism are conceived as peculiar and mutually exclusive literary movements with distinct literary styles and stylistic characteristics. This paper aims to trace some prominent writing traits of the Romantic era like spontaneity, preoccupation with imagination and subjectivity and focus on highlighting emotions and feelings in poetry as evident in the works of poets writing before the Romantic era. A close examination and in-depth reading of selected works showed that romantic traits are not confined to the Romantic era only but also appear to be recurring in the writings of Chaucer, Spenser and other poets who were writing much before Wordsworth proposed the characteristics of romantic poetry in The Prelude. This study, therefore, traces romantic traits in the works that do not fall into romantic era chronologically.

The subject of this article investigated the relationship between Kurdish poetry and music. The purpose of this study is that in addition to communicating with the people of the Zagros music by bringing some evidence poem Examples of musical terminology Court poets show. Methodology of this study is analytical documents; after collecting the information, Topics will be analyzed. as a result of this article makes it clear that poetry and music have a great influence on each other. Poetry is meaningless without music, music without lyrics is not intercepted somewhere. Literature this art worthwhile and noble when can show your beauty may be associated with the arts such as music and combined, because Iranian music always has been associated with poetry and song. One of these effects, the impact of music in Kurdish poetry, poets and writers used words and terminology of musical such as: Reed Cheng, Barbat, Bolour, tar and so on. The resulting speak our ancestors have a looking the literature to be the mother of art and the arts such as music, painting, sculpting and ...literature owes its existence are and themes and its outer shape they have received. if the literary and artistic works out of the circle of the arts what remains for the Arts freshness and vitality and its influence will lose.

Nima was known as a poet while King Reza came to the crown, It was while Reza’s dictatorship limited everybody especially the literary figures and the deserved poets like Nima socially and politically. It is clear that the poets like Nima takes the refugee in the world of their poems by creating the symbols which are definitely belong to themselves, the symbols are aligned with the political, social, cultural problems and the clashes of his personal life, the limitation of literary thoughts, and the familiarity with European, the novice literature especially the French symbolism. Nima’s personal symbols include the different elements such as birds, humans, place, time, animal, nature and plants, therefore this study tries somehow to show and concentrate on them in details.

Amit Chaudhuri's first Novel A Strange and Sublime Address won the Betty Trask Award (1991) and the Commonwealth Writers Prize for Best First Book (1992) and was short-listed for the-Guardian Fiction prize (1991). In 1993, Afternoon Raag won the Southern Arts Literature Prize and won the Encore Award for Best Second Novel. Freedom Song was published in 1998 and won the Los Angeles Book Prize for Fiction (2000). His recent novel, A New World was published to great acclaim in the year 2000. His latest Book Real Time (2002), includes a number of short stories set in Bombay and Calcutta, some of which have been published in The London Review of Books, The Time Literary Supplement and The New Yorker. He is also the editor of the Picador Book of Modem Indian Literature published by Picador in 2001. He lives in Calcutta with his wife and daughter. The theme of the novel A Strange and Sublime Address deals with myriad impressions of life etched vividly in the consciousness of Sandeep, a Bombay based ten year old Bengali boy during the summer vacations he spends in the house of his youngest maternal uncle Chottamama in Calcutta. The random and banal occurrences of his day to day life such as baths, meals, outing, shopping, games, watching the adult routine, rituals, household chores and so on form the subject of the novel. Afternoon Raag tells the story of a young English Literature student at Oxford University, whose obsession with music is matched only by his equally obsessive memories and hallucinations. The ‘raag’ is not only an allusion to the musical tastes, but also a reference to the substance of the novel and its poetic and musical prose. The book might have got its title from an experience of an afternoon, when the narrator bought his first tanpura and tuned it with his Guru. The theme of his third novel A New World deals with the ordinary family life of Jayojit Chatterjee. The central character of the novel is Jayojit Chatteijee. He is a successful economist, a writer and university lecturer. He travels with his son Vikram to Calcutta from the United States to visit Jayojit’s parents for two months in the sweltering premonsoon season. Jayojit had recently finalized a divorce between himself and Vikram’s mother Amala. The divorce was stressful, but Jayojit and his exwife were able to reach a reasonable agreement concerning the joint custody of their son. Jayojit’s father a retired Admiral, has kept English as his language to perpetuate his membership of a ruling class. His mother busies herself with tasks done by servants in the days of plenty. Chaudhuri’s beautiful novels offer delicate tableaux of these characters. They whisper their visions to the readers with an eerie intimacy and power.

Concordancing in the classroom is fairly a new approach that has emerged with the use of corpora in language learning. In a concordance, language is presented in an authentic context; learners are able to examine a key word in the context of a string of sentences which can exemplify the use of that particular word. This study examined whether the use of an online concordance program together with an online dictionary by 30 intermediate EFL learners aided in the transfer of word knowledge to an academic writing task. The learners were selected from Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon branch, and randomly assigned into 2 groups of control group and experimental group. The subjects in the experimental group were asked to use the concordance and online dictionary in their writing, but the control group used only the online dictionary. The results indicated that there was statistically significant transfer of vocabulary knowledge to the writing task.

According to the teachings of Islam, the main source of glory to God, and all His glory. The Quran is very bad traits of human arrogance, is considered. In several places the Quran stipulates that all honor is with Allah, so if anyone is looking for glory, no way unless the Lord, to grant him and is in line with the faith and obedience of God, man Amour is also Scriptures of Sajadieh, in various statements, adjectives and adjective arrogance about blaming the esteem was deemed acceptable, and they have been studied. This study, based on an analytical method - description and use of resources in this context, the semantic difference, in terms of arrogance and self esteem in the Quran and Scriptures of Sajadieh, is discussed. The Quran, like the appearance of self-arrogance, but the dignity and arrogance like the evil arrogance, is a big nose. Between self-arrogance and humiliation, is located. Imam Sajjad (AS), the Scriptures, the Lord knows the glory and honor of God granting their request, and the request is not God's glory, do not allow. One barrier to achieving their self-esteem, arrogance knows, and in various ways preventing refer to Arrogance. As well as the dignity of Allah, the Quran, seeking forgiveness are the and It is shown that in the Islamic system, the source of self-formation, by God, not people. Thus, both the source, it was God all the glory, great cause Honorable, and Arrogance bad traits and will cause hardship.

Interpretation of Khajeh Abdollah Ansari, in his valuable work, which so far have not found the complete text. Except to some sources, a portion of its content can not be achieved. The most important work that is part of the debate, have in reserve, Interpretation of revealed secrets and promise of the righteous, Abolfazl Rashidodon Meybodi, mystic and the great interpreter of the late fifth and early sixth centuries. The Quran also stipulates certain propositions, and never doubted that with phrases like (surely brigade) spells, humans, are invited to believe certain propositions in relation to research and emulate the faith, than it was then based on suspicious is not enough to know. Because of all this is that, knowing the certainty of the Quran, feasibility, and the way is open to everyone, although this little path are based on the Quran in many verses addressed to deal with enemies and infidels, while the validity of those arguments, it invites opponents to no argument or evidence to accuse them, undeniable proof read. Some of the arguments are not, and have certain faith discrete arguments, have tried, with persuasive arguments, to find a way to justify their faith. Such as what we have said is that the probability of God's existence, Edited believe it is because people are forced to accept or deny any of it. But the man of God, to deny something does not get along, if any, shall incur a huge loss. Holy Quran in many cases and argued argument as a means of studying certain uses, or that some of the arguments of the adversary, has demanded proof.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of paragraph writing on vocabulary learning of Iranian intermediate EFL students. The main question this study tried to answer was whether Paragraph Writing might enhance higher knowledge of vocabulary in Iranian learners of English. To answer the question, 30 English intermediate students (male & female) participated in the experiment of the study. They were selected Via an OPT test score which had its own criteria to select a homogenous group. Then they were divided into two groups and were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group. The participants of this study were all students at Azad University of Tonekabon. Next, a pre – test of English vocabulary taken from TOEFL book, was administered to both groups. The pretest consisted of 20 multiple – choice of vocabulary each had 1 point as their score. Then, they were taught vocabularies for 10 sessions but with different methodologies: the experimental group received the treatment of Paragraph Writing for ten sessions, using the vocabulary they were taught. However, the control group received the existing methods of teaching vocabulary like translation and synonyms, etc. A post – test of English vocabulary which was parallel with the pretest but had different items was then administered to both groups. The data of the study were analyzed using an independent sample t – test to indicate the groups' post – test mean difference. The degree of progress from the pre – test to the post – test in the two groups of the study was indicated by calculating two separate ANCOVA coefficients. The result indicated that the Iranian EFL learners in the experimental group received higher scores, though not significantly, in vocabulary after being treated with 10 sessions of the treatment.

Holy Quran in thoughts, words and deeds Householdt: embodiment and objectivity of the findings, and character Sage and holy and spoke to them, directly or indirectly, of God's enlightening book, in its different aspects, in this paper, based on an analytical method - descriptive, and enjoying written and unwritten sources, to examine the place of the Holy Quran, the life of Imam Reza (AS) has been paid, and for this purpose, as stated in the Quran The importance of individual issues and social holiness has been, and observed that, in the important missions of Imams, the propagation of religion, expression and interpretation of the provisions of the Quran. Imam Reza, the true interpreters of the Quran, full of life Bless them, a very special thanks to this great guide to have, and in addition to the use of personal after it had other dimensions, the frequency of interest These books have been transferred to others.

This study attempted to discover whether practicing on cloze tasks could improve Iranian undergraduates' foreign language proficiency. Sixty two Iranian EFL students of Azad University in Rasht served as the EG and the CG of the study and performed on a TOEFL serving as the pre-test of the study. The statistical technique of t-test formula revealed the two groups were not statistically different in terms of their foreign language proficiency at the outset of the study. The EG received thirty cloze tasks of various types during the course. In order to learn whether this treatment was effective or to see whether there was any statistically significant difference in the EFL proficiency between EG and CG after the administration of treatment, the participants were all post-tested on another TOEFL. The statistical technique of t-test formula revealed the EG, which had been equal to the CG before receiving the treatment, came to differ from it after it received the treatment; results showed that regular practice with cloze tasks was a very effective means of improving Iranian EFL proficiency. Therefore, the null hypothesis: There is no relationship between practicing on cloze tasks and improving Iranian EFL proficiency, was rejected.