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The tribal who were protecting the natural resources for the centuries are now being deprived of these natural resources for the development projects. The tribal area is full of natural resources which contains bauxite, iron ore, coal etc. these are required for the manufacturing industries. Deprivation of these natural resources are making them more vulnerable marginalized group. They become not only socially and economically marginalized groups but also physiological and cultural marginalized groups. The State is required to take ‘affirmative action’ to stop the marginalization of the tribal group. Generally the ‘affirmative action’ means as reservation policies for the marginalized groups in jobs. It is not the whole truth meaning of ‘affirmative action’. Any action of the State to minimize the difference between the advanced group of society and non-advanced group of the society is affirmative action. The Central Government has enacted a law titled as The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 to reduce the pain caused to tribes by development induced displacement. This article will explore how The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 is working as affirmative action for tribes. It will also enumerate the pain suffered by the tribes in the process of development projects.

This article is based on a Ph.D. research study of the voluntary sector in India, of which non-governmental organizations are a part. The perceptions, assessment and recommendations of donors and experts on various aspects of NGO functioning were examined in depth as one of the components of the research, in the backdrop of social marketing objectives. The study covered the most important aspect of the application of marketing principles to socio-economic development, besides identifying important issues governing the operating effectiveness of NGOs and the traits and qualities that make them eligible for donor support on a sustained basis. .The results suggest that in the Indian context, level of funding significantly influences performance of NGOs. While the program component of social marketing effectiveness had a significant relationship with level of expenditure, there was, however, no relationship between level of expenditure and social marketing effectiveness as a whole. A significant conclusion of the paper is that NGOs should project a more positive image of their performance and credibility to donors. The paper also suggests that systematic outcome measurement is critical to assess NGO performance.

The growing importance of quality software systems has brought about increasing demand for efficient software testing. Traditionally, there is a typical approach for testing the software manually, which consumes a lot of time and effort. Hence there is a need to decrease the amount of resources needed and to increase the efficiency and throughput. One attractive solution to this problem is test automation, i.e. allocating certain testing tasks to computers. This thesis opens up the discussion on test automation framework made by us. Here we have used Selenium Web driver, Java, HTML and other necessary languages and packages for implementing the framework. The framework uses the Driver Script and allows to automatically fetch data from the spreadsheets and uses them in testing the web application automatically and also generating report automatically for the same.

Mentoring is a relationship between an experienced person and a less experienced person for the purpose of helping the one with less experience. The mentee seeks the advice and support of the more experienced person. Coaching is the way in which people with vast experience help those in the same job or field of endeavor who have less experience. Coaching usually deals with specific skills and tactics, while mentoring often is a long-term process and a more personal relationship is formed. In both coaching and mentoring the goal is to help people to reach their full potential. In a basic sense it is a method of training, directing or instructing a person or group of people to do a specific task, achieve a goal or develop certain skills. Coaches are usually paid for their work, and their relationship with those being coached is a professional one. In this paper I would like to discuss various aspects of Mentoring and Coaching for the development of employees in the organization.

Henri Fayol (1841-1925), French pioneer of management history, was among the first to recognize and document the universal organizational need for succession planning. However, effective leaders down through the centuries have developed and implemented succession plans for their organizations. There are many leaders today who give little or no “thought to the conclusion of their leadership and so they do little to prepare for it. However, when suddenly faced with leaving their office, they realize that much of their work will have been in vain unless there is a capable successor”.

High peak-to-average power ratio of the transmit signal is a major drawback of multi-carrier transmission such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, which causes power inadequacy in Radio Frequency section of the transmitter. This paper describe some of the important PAPR reduction techniques for multi-carrier transmission including amplitude clipping and filtering, partial transmit sequence, selected mapping, and active constellation extension. Among various PAPR reduction techniques, neural network is the most powerful techniques in reducing the PAPR due its good generalization properties with flexible modelling and learning capabilities.

With the public corporations in Kenya embracing strategic management which was heralded to bring the much needed improvement in their performance, the much awaited change has not been as widely seen as was anticipated but is rather slow and at times even retrogressive. There is still concern about poor performance of these public corporations. This can only mean one thing. The strategies are not working or in academic terms, the strategies have not been successfully implemented. Studies have shown the various aspects that contribute to the success of strategy and these have been adopted by the public corporation. This leaves one field not explored- The effect of stakeholder involvement on the successful implementation of strategy. However with public corporations, caution has to be taken on which stakeholder to involve and to what extent. This thus called for the present study to analyze the effect of involving each stakeholder in strategic planning and implementation on successful strategy implementation. Due to the number of public corporations and their homogeneity, a study on one should reflect on what happens in the others. This is the rationale for using KEBS. The study used a desk research design and explored much on the effects of stakeholder involvement on successful strategy implementation in public corporations.

MIMO techniques increases the spectral efficiency of the transmission and increasing capacity by using Spatial Multiplexing and Precoding. MIMO Spatial Multiplexing is the simultaneous use of the same frequencies to transmit independent data streams. Precoding (mixing) of the two streams is used to optimize the transmission into the channel so that the receiver has the best chance of recovering the original data streams. Several nonlinear precoding methods including dirty paper coding is used to achieve the capacity region for MIMO. In this paper capacity of the MIMO system and sum rate comparison is analyzed by suggesting a modified precoding technique and a round robin user scheduling algorithm.

Liver damage is an epidemic disease, which effects essential biochemical activities in all age group. The liver abnormalities caused by synthetic drugs are found to be broad. Conventional drugs used for the treatment of liver disorders are inadequate. In view of the undesirable side effects of synthetic drugs, it is necessary to search for alternative drugs for the treatment of hepatic diseases and replacement of the currently used drugs. Herbal drugs have become very popular for their use in the treatment of liver diseases. Therefore, there is need to focus on systematic research methodology to evaluate scientific basis for the traditional herbal medicines that are claimed to possess hepatoprotective activities. The present review is aimed at providing an overview of the most prospective medicinal plants having pharmacologically reputable antihepatotoxic activities such as Andrographic paniculata, Boerhaavia diffusa, Ocimum sanctum, Tinospora cordifolia, Phyllanthus emblica, etc.

Many plants contain latex that exuded when leaves are damaged & number of protein & enzymes have been found in it. The latex of some plant families such as Asclepiadaceae, Apocynaceae, Caericaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Meliaceae, Sopodilla contains endopeptidase. In presence study fourteen various latex producing plants were identify for the presence of proteolytic activity by dot-blot X ray film method. The Euphorbia synudenium, Caloteopisprocera, Thevetia Peruviana, Ficusreligiosa, Caricapapaya, Azarirachta indica, Ficusbengalensis, Manikarazopota, caloteopisgigantea, degrade the gelatin on the x-ray film & the clear zone is formed at the site of application on x-ray film which indicates the presence of protease in the sample. The Jatrophacurcus, Plumeriarubera, Euphorbia triucalli, Ficusracemosa, Ricinuscommanis show no zone of clearances at the site of sample on x-ray film which shows absence of protease. The protein estimation of a various latex containing plants were done by lowery‘s method. The Euphorbia synudenium ,Caloteopisprocera, Thevetiaperuviana, Ficusreligiosa, Caricapapaya ,Azarirachtaindica, Ficusbengalensis, Manikarazopota, caloteopisgigantea, Jatrophacurcus, Plumeriarubera, Euphorbia triucalli Ficusracemosa, Ricinuscommanisin show protein concentration in between the rang of 45µg-390µg/ 0.1ml respectively. The proteolytic activities of enzymes preparation isolated from latex containing plants were estimated by using casein as substrate.In the present paper we described a simple and inexpensive procedure to detect protease of latex containing plants by the X- ray film dot-blot method.

Trypsin protease inhibitor have been identified and purified from extracts of Mucuna Pruriens. Mucuna Pruriens seed sample were purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation, Saphadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography technique including analysis of trypsin inhibitors by dot-blot method, and electrophoretic analysis and visualization of protease inhibitor bands by gel X-ray film contact print method. Saphadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography identified a small molecular weight trypsin inhibitory fraction. In the present paper we described, a simple and inexpensive procedure to detect protease inhibitors of seed by the gel-x-ray film contact print technique.

The aim of the present paper is to obtain the distribution of mixed sum of two independent random variables with different probability density functions. One with probability density function defined in finite range and the other with probability density function defined in infinite range and associated with product of Srivastava’s polynomials and Aleph-function. We use the Laplace transform and its inverse to obtain our main result. The result obtained here is quite general in nature and is capable of yielding a large number of corresponding new and known results merely by specializing the parameters involved therein. To illustrate, some special cases of our main result are also given.

Pluralism in health care practices needs the pragmatism to have strong roots in the cultural practices. Any community which has to have continuous confrontation with nature develops methods which are not disturbing the balance which is naturally established and existing. Further these communities opt for the methods which are easy to follow and easy to practice. Migrating communities have more opportunities to face different kinds of environment and certainly develop more methods to face the disturbances in health conditions. Lambani community is one such community with history of migrating life style. Lambani community is characterizd by the socio-cultural practices which are connected to nature, especially to forest and products of forests. Being a community with long history of nomadic life styles, is having greater chances to accommodate various health practices found in other communities while dealing with them during their migratory course of community development. Further, unique language and life style of this community prevented whatever information gathered in community to remain within the community for long time. Thus this community got more chances to collect knowledge them sharing health care practices which involve utilization of forest products are more easier to follow and practice few of these practices existed even today the community to maintain health under certain conditions. Information about their health care practices passes from generation to generation. However, certain resource persons who adopt the life style to serve community with their health care knowledge are also present in this community. These persons though some time collect nominal reward for having rendered their service as knowledge resource of the community. A study of these practices and those of knowledge resource persons have been made in Davanagere District of Karnataka state, India. Role of knowledge of health care practices and resource persons in community has been discussed. Pressure of modernization on these practices and reaction of the community have been observed and recorded for the discussion.

Human Evolution is traced to a period of about two million years. The early evidence comes from East Africa. Gradually human occupation spread to other parts of the world. With the invention of making and controlling fire, man could adopt himself to cold environments. In. the course of his adaptations, many inventions made his life comfortable and enjoyable. Man's activities have considerable impact on the earth. It may be quite difficult to isolate the contribution made by man for the changing environment. The expansion of holes in the protective layer of Ozone in the atmosphere IS attributed to the release of certain chemicals produced by man for the purpose of cooling used in refrigerators, many observations regarding the temperature of the earth indicate that slowly the atmosphere is getting warmer which may lead to the melting of ice and rising of water levels in oceans and endangering a larger populations which lives in low¬-laying coastal areas of the world. Part of the warming is traced to the release of emission gases resulting in farm fuels. There are moves to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels so that the global warming can be checked to a great extent. An evolution of the state of environment and the measures taken to maintain the balance is presented in the paper.

Medical-Tourism is the buzz word and talk of the day, today. State-of-the art medical assistance and the potential and exciting tourism opportunities joined together and leading to the most potential segment that is Medical-Tourism in health industries and tourism industries segment. Though it is advanced globally, India has entered this field and marching ahead. Economical and affordable cost of medical sciences with tourism attached to it, is making the seekers to throng to our country and is offering as a potential segment of business with both modern and ancient medicine in process. There are many leading players in this segment both in public and private sectors. This article discusses few of the above issues and potential Opportunities in this segment.

Recent advances in Operations Research (OR) and Information Technology (IT) have made it possible to integrate Operations Research techniques and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This integration can be used for the development of Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSS).There is an increasing need for incorporation of routing techniques into a Decision Support System (DSS) for making effective business decision making in transportation. GIS can be used to analyze the routes. Route analysis helps us to generate the most efficient route (best route / shortest route) that the vehicle should take between the company and it supply chain link. Alternative routes can also be generated and analyzed. Alternative routes help in rerouting of the supplies in case of problems (either man –made or natural) on one route. Travel speed is used as a proxy, to traffic data to calculate the time taken to reach from origin to destination by the shortest/best route. In this paper a spatial decision support system is developed for route generation.

To gain competitive advantage and stay ahead in today’s highly competitive retail environment, retailers need to know their customers with respect to their outlets, monitor the performance, assess the impact of competition, drill down into a trade area to identify customers and choose new store locations strategically. Location Intelligence with its ability to manage, display, and analyze business information spatially, is emerging as a powerful tool to help retailers achieve all the above. Location Intelligence is the ability to take organizational data and apply location to allow effective decision-making. The organizational data comes from the Business Intelligent system (BI) and the location (spatial) support is derived from the Geographic Information System (GIS). BI systems handle the ‘who’, ‘what’ and ‘when’. GIS is a powerful location tool, which enables the analysis of the “where ”Retail location analysis deals with the collection, analysis and dissemination of spatially referenced information, which is ideally handled by location intelligent systems. Location Intelligence allows easy visualization of the geographically influenced behaviors, activities, trends and processes, communicate the same for improved analysis and decision making. The focus of this paper is to understand the use of location intelligence system on retail location decisions.

Companies around the globe, big and small desperately want to unlock the secrets of innovation at a reasonable cost, because innovation provides the only sure path to sustainable growth. Today we all are surrounded by data - data from various sources, from banking data to GPS signals on our smart phones. and from other countless sources. According to McKinsey report this is ‘Big Data’ and it is the next frontier for innovation in diverse fields. By changing what and how we see, big data is reshaping everything coming under its ‘Midas’ touch. Many companies are already using big data to create value. Big data allows organizations to create highly specific segmentations to tailor products and services precisely to meet the needs of the customers in those segments. Big data enables companies to enhance existing business models and innovate new models, products, and services. Manufacturers are developing the next generation of products and to create innovative after-sales service offerings based on data obtained from the use of actual products. By mining big data, companies can develop insights and identify micro-markets that represent opportunities for growth. Big data will act as the source for large amount of technology based innovation. The focus of this paper is to look at how big data is connected to technology based innovation in various sub-functions of retailing like marketing, technologies at the point of sale, merchandising, operations, supply chain and new business development.

Ambient (outdoor) air pollution is now recognized as an important problem, both nationally and internationally. Air pollution is harming our health and that of our children and parents. The young and old are particularly vulnerable to the effects of air pollution. Air pollution causes many harmful effects, ranging from premature death, to headaches, coughing and asthma attacks. But it is easy to forget that we are contributing to the air pollution as we drive our vehicles, or potentially harmful pollutants spew out of the chimneys of huge factories, We think that pollutants simply blow away, but under some conditions they may be inhaled, minutes or hours later. That is we are careless about air pollution and its impact on health. The need of the hour is to ensure that our air is clean for us and for our future generations, we need to reduce emissions of pollutants into the air. Government bodies develop regional air plans and education programs aimed at reducing pollution, central government is developing vehicle emissions standards, national environmental standards and new fuel regulations to monitor and keep the air pollution under control and improve the quality of air.

Spices show potential health benefits, as they possess antioxidant activity. Ginger and turmeric are major spices used in Indian cooking. Effects of cooking processes on the levels of antioxidants in ginger and turmeric extracts were studied. Water and acetone extracts of raw, boiled and roasted ginger and turmeric were analyzed using FRAP assay. In the case of ginger, antioxidant activity was found to be lower in extracts prepared after boiling and higher after roasting. The antioxidant activities in turmeric extracts prepared after boiling as well as roasting were higher.

Textile industry waste water from dyeing and finishing processes constitute a substantial source of water pollution which imparts intense colour, high chemical oxygen demand, fluctuating pH and other suspended particles. This coloured waste water must be treated before final discharge to attain legal standards. Conventional methods for removing dyes from industrial waste water consist mainly of biological and physiochemical treatments and their various combinations. Biological methods are cheaper than other methods but dye toxicity usually inhibits bacterial growth and limits therefore the efficiency of decolourisation. Physical methods usually need additional chemicals which produce secondary pollution and a huge volume of sludge. Water treatment based on electro coagulation technique has been recently proving to evade most of the problems also being economically attractive. This review deals with better understanding of the decolourisation of the textile waste water through Electrocoagulation process. Although there are various electrochemical methods for the treatment of waste water Electrocoagulation has proved to be a clean, versatile, selective, flexible and a powerful process. Decolourisation of the dyeing and finishing waste is greatly affected by the important operating parameters such as the current density, pH, dye concentration, treatment time, type of electrode material used, electrolyte and its concentration. Upon survey it is found that Electrocoagulation combined with other processes also has proved good in the improvement of the decolourisation efficiency.

Evaluation of student’s performance is one of the most important responsibilities of every educational institute. The marks obtained by the students in examination should not be the only criteria to decide academic excellence. In this paper, aims to discuss the study of the student’s performance by including the Intelligence quotient (IQ). Here the fuzzy matrices are used to find the level of performance of the students. The fuzzy logic is used for finding the academically excellent student.

Wireless sensor networks are generally deployed in inaccessible terrains for monitoring certain physical parameters like temperature, pressure etc. Sensor nodes sense the event and send the sensed data towards sink nodes using multi hop path. Since radio communication is expensive in terms of energy consumption, the sensor nodes typically spend most of their energy reserve on communication during data dissemination and retrieval. Storing data in-network at specific locations within WSNs that minimize packet transmissions reduces the energy consumption, and hence extends its lifetime. Considering limited storage space, limited energy and other constraints of sensors, a data caching mechanism for multi sink sensor networks is proposed. The proposed scheme Data Caching for query optimization in multi sink sensor networks (DCQOM) extracts the common sub tree of the networks first and then forms two caching zones: One from source node to common root and other from common root to sink nodes. The sensor nodes in the caching zones cooperate among themselves to form a larger cumulative cache. A token-based cache admission control scheme is devised, which ensures proximity of cached data closer to sink(s). Simulation results show that DCQOM provides substantial energy saving and data availability as compared to other caching schemes.

There are many protocols which are used to secure the data transfer between the computing devices in a network. Increase in the use of internet is also increase the demand of security and privacy in a communication and communication channels. To secure the networks there are some protocols which will be used for encryption and authentication for all IP packets of a session. In this research paper will include the advantages and all possible solutions of some techniques which are used to increased security of the network like scalability and data confidentiality. This paper analysis of two most widely used tunneling protocols in secured transmission of data the GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation) and also the IPSEC (IP Security) established the comparison between them and evaluate the capabilities for security or privacy of the web internet network and for increasing and adding more security and privacy we are going to also contain and used CA (Certificate Authority) for increasing the network security. We use GNS3 (Graphical Network Simulator 3) for traffic analyses

Gluteric aciduria type 1 , a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder which is caused by deficiency of Glutaryl CoA dehydrogenaseleads to progressive neurological damage. 75% of the cases of gluteric acidemia type 1 present with macrocephaly and is the earliest and most consistent sign of the disease (1). Here we report a case of gluteric aciduria type 1 in a one year old male child without macrocephaly but typical clinical spectrum of the disease.

Gender Based Violence occurs in all socio-economic and cultural setups even in tribal NFHS 3 data shows high percentage of domestic violence among tribes in Jharkhand. Women are socialized to accept, tolerate, and even rationalize domestic violence and to remain silent about such experiences. Various research?s on violence against women shows that Intimate partner violence is associated with negative physical and mental health sequel i.e. depression, low self-esteem, alcohol abuse and sexual and reproductive health issues, and HIV/AIDS. Household survey was administered among respondent age 15-49 years, following two stage sampling design to represent the state. Overall 247 tribal women and 217 men were on Santhal Tribes in Jharkhand. The analysis shows that those who consume alcohol are considerably more likely to get involved in violence against the women leading to reproductive health vulnerabilities like STI/RTI outcomes. The study suggests that better understanding of the causes of violence against women will be useful in designing both prevention programs and interventions with men as center of all the programs. The research has begun to identify childhood exposure, high alcoholism to later high masculinity.

Brahiminism remains a pervasive force in the works of U.R. Ananthamurthy. The places where Brahiminism is strong remain undeveloped with Brahmins becoming a part of unproductive society. Ananthamurthy’s works show that Brahmins remain a backward and unproductive society because of orthodoxy. Ananthamurthy’s heroes rebel against the oppressive system and try to justify their existence by rebelling against the customs. Incidentally all the heroes are Brahmins who know their society intimately, but they are liberal, open-minded and modern individuals who understand that if the Brahmins have to prosper in the modern world then they have to shun their attitude and fit into the modern economic system. The current paper studies different works of U.R. Ananthamurthy and shows how his heroes develop recalcitrance while trying to wake up their society to the evils that emanate from their anachronic customs and professions.

Acute poisoning by Organophosphorus compounds is one of the important cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, especially in developing countries. Accidental and intentional pesticides poisoning occurs worldwide with a significant mortality. Recent studies have shown an increase in numbers with three hundred thousand deaths occurring in Asia alone. The most common pesticide in India are due to anti-cholinesterase’s which includes organophosphates and carbamate, followed by aluminum phosphide.The effective number of cases of pesticide poisoning occurring in India is very high, and the calculated number of intentional cases as reported by NCRB (National Crime Records Bureau) is again very high. A retrospective analysis covering last 15 years showed the most common agents causing acute poisoning was anti-cholinesterase’s followed by aluminum phosphide.The with a mean age of 27.8 years(range 13 to 82 years) Organophosphates share structural similarity with acetylcholine and bind covalently with cholinesterase molecule. This results in accumulation of acetylcholine at synapses causing over stimulation at post-synaptic receptors in central and peripheral nervous system. The clinical features of acute OPC poisoning are secondary to stimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the parasympathetic system, sympathetic ganglia; neuromuscular junctions.Disrruption of transmission will also occur at the acetylcholine receptor sites within the central nervous system. The muscarinic receptors,M1 and M2 have different regional distribution in brain. The M1 receptors are the main type found in the human cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and globus pallidus,while the M2 type dominates in the thalamus, brain stem,pons,and the cerebellum. Different subtypes of nicotinic receptors have been described in human brain using ligands with different affinities. Diagnosis of OPC poisoning is based on history of exposure to known OP compounds, characteristic clinical features. Estimation of acetyl cholinesterase activity is useful for confirmation of poisoning. But the degree of decrease in cholinesterase levels does not show linear relationship with severity of clinical features and prognosis. Detection of the offending agent in gastric lavage sample is one of the methods to determine the involved agent. OPC poisoning has several toxicological effects on the body, namely on respiratory system, cardiovascular system, neurological system & endocrinal system.

This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the students’ experiences in distance learning. The purpose of this study was to fully understand the students’ experiences in distance learning. The study was based on the data collected in April 2022 through an online survey questionnaire from 382 Bachelor in Technical-Vocational Teacher Education (BTVTE) college students in Universidad de Manila during the Academic Year, 2021-2022. The collected data were analyzed using different statistical treatments, to test and verify the hypotheses. The researcher determined the demographic profile of the respondents such as gender, age, year level and major. Aside from this, the researcher also analyzed the perceptions as well as the experiences, challenges, and recommendations of the participants in distance learning in terms of gadgets availability, connectivity, learning management system (LMS), computer literacy, and interaction. The research revealed that based on students’ experiences in distance learning, they strongly agreed in terms of gadgets availability and interaction. The researcher found out that there are significant differences on the students’ perceptions on distance learning, rejecting the null hypothesis. This study recommended that the teachers and parents must actively provide guidance and support to the students in the learning process so that students can complete their tasks and overcome the challenges that they are experiencing on distance learning.

Background and objectives Length of the ring finger is more as compared to the index finger in males and they are almost equal in females. The ratio between 2D:4D is less in males (<1) but in females it is more (>1). This is directly related to exposure of more testosterone during intrauterine life of the fetus. The persons who are having 2D:4D ratio less than one are more aggressive and masculine characters. The present study is to find out the aggressive behavior of the persons and its relation to ratio of index finger length and ring finger length. (2D:4D). Methodology Fifty male and fifty female medical students in the age group ranging from 19 to 25 years studying in first year M.B.B.S. were selected. The students were selected randomly. The 2D and 4D length were taken and the ratio between them is calculated. The aggressive questionnaire was administered according to Aggression Questionnaire. Results Of the four types of aggression physical, anger and verbal was more seen in males (Scale T-score >55) as compared to hostility that was more in females (>55) but statistically not significant (p=0.422). Conclusion The co-relation between 2D:4D length ratio and aggressive behavior of the subjects was not significant statistically (P = 0.217).

In the present communication novel tris(hetroaryl)bisazo dyes were synthesized by the coupling of various heterocyclic diazonium salt with 1-ethyl-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxo-5-((4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)diazenyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile. The later compound was synthesized by a new procedure for the synthesis of well known azo pyridone dyes from 2-cyano-N-ethylacetamide, ethyl-3-oxobutanoate and 4-aryl-2-aminothaizole. Structural confirmation of all the synthesized compounds have been accomplished by UV-Visible, FT-IR, 1H-NMR,13C-NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. Solvent effects on the visible absorption spectra of the dyes were evaluated. The color of the dyes is discussed with respect to the nature of the heterocyclic ring and substituent present therein. All these dyes were applied as disperse dyes on to polyester fabrics and their fastness properties were evaluated.

Education is one of very important component of development. Progress of any country principally reflects with literacy level of the population. The Government of India has assigned high priority to the education sector not only to achieve the Univerlisation of Elementary Education by 2010 but also to improve the quality of education at all levels. Some of the initiatives such as District Primary Education Programme (1994), the Mid Day Meal Scheme (1995) and the Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (2001) have led some positive impact in elementary education, specifically in rural areas. But most of the work or research carried out for primary school education and educationist or researchers concentrated on primary education only. Therefore it is an attempt a look out to the development of upper primary school education in India.

In developing country like India, energy is most important to economical development of country thus energy sector plays an important role to increase in energy dependence and investment made on it. As we all know the compressed air generation consumes energy. Normally the compressed air system is an overlooked area in most of the industry but compressed air system is a costly source of energy about 7 to 10 times more expensive than electricity. Better methodology for design of energy efficient compressed air system, better maintaince practices and through energy efficiency measures can save the significant amount of energy of any industry. In this paper we have discussed the methodology for design of compressed air system for energy efficient compressed air system for industry. This paper also gives the comparative study of existing compressed air system of one industry with new optimized designed compressed air system for same industry using their specification.

Energy consumption control in wireless ad-hoc networks is a more difficult problem due to non availability of access point in network. A node can be both a data source and a router that forwards data for other nodes. There is no centralized entity such as an access point to control and maintain the power control mode of each node in the network. There are number of challenges offered by mobile ad- hoc network environment like limited power, route failure, synchronization, security etc. Nodes in the mobile ad-hoc network environment have limited battery power. Extra amount of energy is needed by router to forward and to relay packets. In this paper, literature survey is carried out on energy consumption issues for wireless ad-hoc network.

Semantic web technology enables machine to read and process web pages without human intervene. Semantic web information will no longer only be intended for human readers, but also for processing by machines, enabling intelligent information services, personalized web sites, and semantically empowered search-engines. The web has become a major vehicle in performing research and education related activities for researches and students. With increasing student mobility and boom of the international student exchange programmes, a need arises for unifying and presenting information about academic study programmes on the Web. Publishing study programmes using semantic web technologies enables students to easily search and select study topic of their interest. In this paper we present an enterprise semantic framework for e-Learning system which improved the quality of web mining results but also enhanced the functions, services and the interoperability of e-Learning system. The system helps to find suitable semantic data related to students, faculties and courses for the clients. We have implemented semantic web mining in parallel distributed environment in all tiers for decision making, and also increased speed and efficiency of information retrieval.

Worldwide, sugarcane is the major raw material used in the production of domestic sugar. It accounts for 80% of the sugar consumed. Kakamega and Bungoma Counties account for about 80% of the locally processed sugar. There is evidence of increased investment in the industry as characterized by growth in the number of millers across the country. Information about this growth and challenges on sugarcane transportation is scanty to enable policy makers in making informed decisions on improving efficiency in the sub sector. The study is guided by the objective to evaluate the characteristics of sugarcane transportation in western Kenya sugar belt region. Descriptive survey was carried out to achieve the study objective. The study tool was a pretested orally administered structured questionnaire with questions testing the following variables: characteristics of sugarcane transportation, prevalent livelihoods and strategies that can improve livelihoods. The study involved 384 respondents. Purposive, stratified and simple random sampling were used in determining respondents that were used in the study. Data was analysed using Excel and Statistical Package for Social Scientists (a computer programmes). Presentation was done in tables, graphs and pie charts. Research questions were subjected to Pearson Correlation and Regression coefficients to ascertain their significance. The study revealed that sugarcane transportation may have resulted in wide road network (32%) and improved access to the farms (68%). Tractors is the main means of transportation for sugarcane (67%) in the region. In conclusion, most of the cane growing farms are owned and operated by individual families. It was established that transportation cost was high in the region, which was attributed to poor road networks and frustration from millers. The study recommends improvements on the state of road network; there is need for creating right institutions and mechanisms to carry out road maintenance in the sugar belts of Kenya. The study recommends future research on poor road networks traversing western region sugar belts.

A rapid, sensitive reversed phase stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay method was developed and validated for quantitative determination of carmustine in bulk drugs and the degradation products generated from forced degradation. A gradient, reversed phase HPLC method was developed to separate the drug from the degradation products, using an YMC ODS-A C18 (250mm x 4.6) mm,5u column and the Mobile phase-A 0.01 M Potassium dihydrogen phosphate in water, adjust PH 3.2 with orthophosphuric acid and mobile phase-B methanol was used as mobile phase. The detection was carried out at wavelength 230 nm and 205 nm. The chromatographic resolution between its degraded products was found to be greater than two. The carmustine was subjected to stress conditions of acid, base, oxidation (30 % H2O2), thermal degradation and photolytic degradation. The degradation was observed for carmustine in alkali, acid and in thermal hydrolysis. The mass balance was close to 100 in all the stress conditions. The degraded products were well resolved from main peak. The developed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, recovery, precision, system suitability, selectivity, robustness and forced degradation studies prove the stability indicating ability of the method.

Nowadays security has always been an important issue in the business world to ensure the integrity of content and transactions, to maintain confidentiality and privacy, and to make sure information is disseminated appropriately. But while dealing with contents encoded in XML, the hierarchical tree structured data have different confidentiality and integrity for different portions of the same content. Thus need dissemination approach specifically tailored to XML that addresses the issues of efficiency and scalability must however be provided by assuring at the same time security of contents and privacy of the parties acquiring and disseminating contents. The main objective is to provide solution to above problem using structural properties of tree based data model (such as XML document) and Document Object Model (DOM). This approach is based on notion of Encrypted Post Order Numbers (EPON) which is based on tree traversals and is defined using a random notation of such traversal number. It facilitates efficient dissemination of selected portion of content. By using structure based routing (SBR) scheme that prevents information leakage and assures that delivered content to user according to access control policies. The structure based routing framework facilitates the dissemination of contents with varying degrees of confidentiality and integrity in a network.

The implementation of QR code based smart card has been becoming an ever increasing popularity in the traceability of products. This QR code smart card contains the Passport details, Pan card details, Aadhar card details.QR code helpful to store and process the information through black and white dots on the QR scanner which transmit by the reader. The QR reader reads the data present in the passport and sends the data by using QR Scanner through wireless network. As soon as the card shown, using QR reader, the details of the person appear on the computer screen and verify it using the data present in the system and if it matches then the details of the passport holder is displayed. It reduces the burden of documentation which thereby reduces the time consumption. This makes the system centralized by increasing the security.

In a network multiple clients sends multiple messages from multiple computers to one computer at the same time, the problem of jamming occurs at the intermediate node, So that the opponents can easily target the messages of high importance. Opponents are able to retrieve the data from the messages. This problem is overcome by using the cryptographic primitives to prevent jamming attacks. In internal threat model, RSA algorithm provides security to message transmission over the network. The schemes to prevent jamming attacks such as Strong Hiding Commitment Schemes (SHCS), Cryptographic Puzzles Hiding Schemes (CPHS), and All-Or-Nothing Transformation Hiding Schemes (AONTSHS).

The use of fossil fuels as energy is now broadly accepted as unsustainable due to depleting resources and also due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the environment. To resolve this problem use of renewable energy is now in focus, renewable energy plays a crucial role in dealing with energy security, eco-friendliness and climate change issues at global and national level. Renewable energy continued to grow strongly in 2012 in both OECD and non-OECD countries. This paper reviews the global growth of renewable energy and present renewable energy status in India, with the main focus on algal biofuel and its future prospects in India.

The aim of this paper is to examine the anomalous variations of the critical frequency (foF2), Total Electron content (TEC) and foEs parameters before earthquake occurred on 01 April 2014 Iquique Chile (M=8.2) and on 25 October 2013 Japan(M=7.1). Using the Correlation technique we analyzed the foF2, TEC and foEs parameters. A sudden drop in cross correlation coefficient of foF2 observed 02 days before, drop for TEC observed 12 days before and drop for foEs parameter observed 03 days before Chile event While drop in correlation coefficients for foF2 and foEs were observed 05 days and 01 day before Japan event.

Wireless sensor networks basically consist of low cost sensor nodes which collect data from environment and relay them to a sink, where they will be subsequently processed. Since wireless nodes are severely power-constrained, the major concern is how to conserve the nodes' energy so that network lifetime can be extended significantly. Employing one static sink can rapidly exhaust the energy of sink neighbors. Furthermore, using a non-optimal single path together with a maximum transmission power level may quickly deplete the energy of individual nodes on the route. This all results in unbalanced energy consumption through the sensor field, and hence a negative effect on the network lifetime. In this paper, we present a comprehensive taxonomy of the various mechanisms applied for increasing the network lifetime. These techniques, whether in the routing or cross-layer area, fall within the following types: multi-sink, mobile sink, multi-path, power control and bio-inspired algorithms, depending on the protocol operation. In this taxonomy, special attention has been devoted to the multi-sink, power control and bio-inspired algorithms, which have not yet received much consideration in the literature. Moreover, each class covers a variety of the state-of-the-art protocols, which should provide ideas for potential future works. Finally, we compare these mechanisms and discuss open research issues.

Originally developed as an antibiotic Minocycline has shown a variety of aspects that makes Minocycline a versatile molecule with diversified roles. Beside an antibiotic it has proven to be beneficial in different disorders and the potential of Minocycline to attenuate the severity of disease like stroke, cerebral ischemia, multiple sclerosis, spinal-cord injury, Parkinson’s disease, epeilepsy, traumatic brain injury, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease makes it a centre of fascination in research circles. Despite progress in understanding the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders, our knowledge of the mechanisms leading to neuronal cell loss, glial dysfunction, and vascular remodeling is incomplete. In this review, we describe the evidences and various mechanisms which may be responsible for the efficacy of Minocycline in several neurological disorders and introduce the emerging investigation of minocycline in clinical neurology. The encouraging results of minocycline in experimental neurology make it a potential therapeutic target in human neurological diseas

Compressor characteristics, being representations of the compressor pressure ratio as a function of gas flow through the compressor have been studied. Compressors are used in turbochargers to increase the pressure of air and also its density greater than ambient. Choosing the right compressor is very important in obtaining best power output of engine by turbocharging, so it is important to have compressor map for matching turbocharger with a particular engine. Compressor map is drawn by running compressor at varying speeds and mass flows. In this paper compressor characteristics were investigated through CFD analysis.

In metal machining process turning operation of cylindrical parts are machined on CNC turning machine. Present work includes the machining of cylindrical component having non-concentric shape. Rotary fixture is designed for machining on CNC turning machine. To avoid unbalancing of fixture, fixture must be balanced by adding the counterweight on rotary fixture to minimize machining rejection. The fixture can be balanced by dynamic balancing machine. In project work rotary fixture will balance by Computer Aided Mass Balancing (CAMB) methodology. The methodology for balancing rotary fixture will use to calculate counterweight to be added on rotary fixture along with its position.

The level of pollution has increased with times by lot of factors like the increase in population, increased vehicle use, industrialisation and urbanisation which results in harmful effects on human being by directly affecting health of population exposed to it. IOT Based system for monitoring and controlling Air Pollution in which monitor the Air Quality at any Industry over a web server using sensors when the air quality goes down across a certain level, means when there are sufficient amount of harmful gases are present in the air like CO2, smoke, alcohol, benzene and NH3. It will show the air quality in PPM on the display screen and as well as on website so that we can handle and monitor it easily. After gathered the information about air quality, this information is send to the Air Pollution Control Officer and the owner of Industry through mail and message in order to take strict action.

An expedious one pot, synthesis of bis (indolyl) methane was achieved in quantative yield, utilizing indole and substituted aromatic aldehyde using 5-SulphoSalicyclic Acid as a catalyst at room temperature within a short period of time.

The objective of this study is to investigate whether employees’ morale will be a factor affecting implementation of performance contracts, to investigate whether accountability will be factor affecting implementation of performance contracts, to find out whether bureaucracy will be a factor affecting implementation of performance contracts, to investigate whether setting objective mechanism will be a factor affecting productivity by use of performance contract and to make recommendations on policy evaluating and implementation of performance contract on public service staff on areas that need improvement to enable and enhance implementation of performance contract that will beneficial to both the government and employees of parastatals as implementation is concerned.

The adsorption characteristics of Georgian natural and acid-modified forms of clinoptilolite and laumontite have been studied in order to determine possibilities of their application in treatment of water contaminated by metals. It was found that natural clinoptilolite washed by diluted acid is the most effective adsorbent for barium, cobalt and lithium, while strontium, manganese, nickel and lead can be captured by modified clinoptilolite, but zinc, iron and copper – by modified laumontite. A combined filter (quartz sand + washed clinoptilolite + laumontite + clinoptilolite, both treated with 1.0N HCl solution) is offered.