Archives-October 2015

The FT-IR and FT Raman spectra of 2,4-dihydroxy-3-nitropyridine (DHNP) molecule have been recorded in the region 4000-400cm-1 and 3500-50cm-1 respectively. Optimized geometrical parameters, harmonic vibrational frequencies and depolarization ratio have been computed by HF and density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method and basis sets. The observed FT-IR and FT-Raman vibrational frequencies are analysed and compared with theoretically predicted vibrational frequencies. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies shows that charge transfer occur within molecule. Unambiguous vibrational assignments of all the fundamentals was made using the total energy distribution (TED).

The vibrational spectroscopy of o-nitrobenzaldehyde (ONBH) by means of quantum chemical calculation has been studied. The FT-Raman and FT-IR spectra of ONBH have been recorded in the region 3500-50cm-1 and 4000-400cm-1 respectively. The fundamental vibrational frequencies and intensity of vibrational bands have been evaluated using density functional theory (DFT) with standard B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) basis set combinations for optimized geometries. The observed FT-IR and FT-Raman vibrational frequencies have been anlaysed and compared with theoretically predicted vibrational frequencies. The assignments of bands to various normal modes of molecule have also been carried out. The electric dipole moment (?) and the first hyper polarazibility (?) values of the investigated molecule have been computed using DFT calculations. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occur with in the molecule.

The world of business technological advances and the speed with which new technologies are created and copied, the loss of geographical advantage resulting from globalization, the shake-up of traditional stable industries as a result of deregulation and the rising power of the consumer and their ability to get what they want, when they want it, from whomever they want. With this in mind, the relationshi8p experience becomes one of the greatest competitive aspects for a business’s survival. Now, that its customers are connecting to the Internet via personal computers, banks envision similar economic advantages by adapting those same internal electronic processes to home use. Today, most large national banks, many regional banks and even smaller banks offer some form of online banking, variously known as PC banking, home banking, electronic banking or Internet banking. Online banking or Internet banking is a term used for performing transactions, payments etc. over the Internet through a bank, credit union or building society's secure website. This allows customers to do their banking outside of bank hours and from anywhere where Internet access is available. This study deals with the E-Banking products and usages for the customers of SBI and their personal profile.

In this chapter, we introduce (1,2)*-fg-closed maps, (1,2)*-fg-open maps, (1,2)*-fg*-closed maps and (1,2)*-fg*-open maps in Fuzzy bitopological spaces and obtain certain characterizations of these classes of maps. In last section, we introduce (1,2)*-fg*-homeomorphisms and prove that the set of all (1,2)*-fg*-homeomorphisms forms a group under the operation composition of functions.

This study examines the causal relationship of selected bank financial ratios on lending to small and medium Enterprise (SMEs) in Nigeria. The data used for this study were gathered from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical Bulletin for a period of 27 years (1983 – 2010). Granger causality and OLS were applied to a set of differenced bank financial ratios and it was found that a critical gap in bank intermediation still exists in the lending to SME sector in Nigeria. A positive relationship exists between ratio of Rural Loan to Deposit (RRLD) and aggregate liquidity ratio (LR) while the causal relationship flows from cash reserve ratio to liquidity ratio. The result suggests that the excess liquidity in the banking system between 1983 – 2010 did not improve the flow of credit to SMEs in Nigeria. Consequently, the banks have failed in their social role of financing the SMEs by restricting the spread of fiat money contrary to the expectations of the Keynes – Schumpeter model. There is also no evidence to show that the banks are dealing significantly with the problem of information asymmetries through improved relationship lending to the SMEs in Nigeria. Monetary Policy should therefore target critically bank variables (LR, CRR and LDR) while ensuring compliance with prudential standards and balancing aggregate portfolios between large and small businesses. Restoring the mandatory credit allocation regime could also help in improving SMEs lending.

Cucumis melo L. is monoecious climber, commonly growing weed, belonging to family cucurbitaceae. Whole plant of C. melo is medicinally important. Plant pacifies vitiated dysentery, diarrhoeic diseases, flatulene, skin diseases, antivenin and general debility. Dispending medicinally uses, our study have been found that this weeds has mosquito repellent activities. To determine repellant activities petroleum ether fruit extract of C. melo was used against the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. The Larval mortality was observed after 24h exposure and highest larval mortality was found in petroleum ether fruit extract of C. melo.

Document segmentation is a method of rending the document into distinct regions. A document is an assortment of information and a standard mode of conveying information to others. Pursuance of data from documents involves ton of human effort, time intense and might severely prohibit the usage of data systems. So, automatic information pursuance from the document has become a big issue. It is been shown that document segmentation will facilitate to beat such problems. This paper proposes a new approach to segment and classify the document regions as text, image, drawings and table. Document image is divided into blocks using Run length smearing rule and features are extracted from every blocks. Discipulus tool has been used to construct the Genetic programming based classifier model and located 97.5% classification accuracy.

Modern teaching is characterized by interaction, communication and participation. It is believed that an interactive class must incorporate participation in order to assure learner centered teaching and better results. Brainstorming is one of the popular techniques of participative approach to decision making which can be employed in a pedagogic situation as well. The present study is of exploratory type. It uses descriptive approach of research, however questionnaires have been used to elicit primary data from the concerned samples. The findings show that brainstorming is a useful technique of teaching which catches attention of both the teachers and learners.

This study was an attempt to examine the association among autonomy and motivation of EFL learners’ academic achievement. To obtain the objectives of the present study two different research instruments were administrated. The Autonomy questionnaire and Motivation questionnaire were employed. In order to collect the necessary data, the instruments were given to 120 male and female college students majoring in English translation, teaching and literature at Tehran University who were randomly selected. The analyzed data demonstrated that there are significant positive relationship between autonomy and academic achievement as well as motivation and academic achievement. While the findings of the study also depicted that learners' autonomy did not correlate with motivation significantly. In addition, according to the regression analysis, the scores’ autonomy are better predictors of academic achievement than motivation scores.

An Automobile hydraulic jack can be easily operated by a single push button provided on the dash board. The jack will be installed on both the sides of chassis according to the weight distributions of the car. Similarly it will be installed on the other side of the car. The system operates on hydraulic drive which consists of three main parts: hydraulic pump, driven by an electric motor, hydraulic cylinder to lift the vehicle. The hydraulic jacks actuate separately for either side of car as per the breakdown condition. The car gets lifted and load gets distributed on three point i.e., plunger or ram of hydraulic cylinder and two tires opposite to side which is lifted. This jack will be very useful for all the senior citizens and especially for females (ladies) who find it extremely difficult to operate the jack manually in any breakdown condition. The motive behind using hydraulic system instead of a pneumatic system is the more power produced by the system and simple in design as compared to a pneumatic design. As the hydraulic oil is incompressible so the lifting capacity is more in comparison with the pneumatic system which operates on air which is compressible.