Archives-March 2014

Brachyuran crabs used in the present study were collected from the Salem fish market (Lat. 110 39 NS and Long. 780 12 EW) on south east Tamil Nadu, India. A random collection of berried crabs Portunus sanguinolentus were taken and their fecundity were studied from the year of 2013. The number of eggs in Portunus sanguinolentus ranged from 1, 42,413 to 6, 44,533eggs the lesser number of eggs observed in small size group of carapace width 50-59mm and more number of eggs in large size group of carapace width 120-129mm. The study indicated that with an increase in carapace width there was a definite increase in the total number of eggs. There was a direct a relationship noticed between the weight of the animal and diameter of the ovary. Variation in number of eggs was observed within the same class probabily indicating synchronous spawning within the same reproductive period. The present investigation suggested that the ovigerous female of large size is suitable for brook stock collection and maintenance for production of more number of seeds in aquaculture practice.

The Schiff base chelate of Cu(II) and Ni(II) derived from condensation reaction of salicylaldehyde and 2-aminophenol have been synthesized and investigated by different physicochemical techniques. The resulting complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, FT-IR, melting point or decomposition measurements, solubility in different solvent. The elemental analysis data show the formation of 1:1 metal to ligand ration. The Schiff base act as a tridentate ligand, coordinated through daprotonated phenolic oxygen and azomethine Nitrogen atom. The synthesized chelates were assayed for antibacterial activity against some pathogenic bacteria:Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, and the fungi: Aspergillums niger and Candida albican, using dics diffusion method. The synthesized Schiff base complexes exhibit higher antimicrobial activity than the free Schiff base due to the chelation.

Previous studies have shown that the physiochemical properties of urine could change after ingestion of medicinal plants, and may provide significant clinical and diagnostic information. This study examined the urinary profile of healthy subjects who consumed Cymbopogon citratus (C. citratus) infusion. Urine samples were obtained from 105 participants at days 0, 10 and 30 after treatment with infusions prepared from 2, 4 and 8g of C. citratus powder. Biochemical analyses of the urine to determine its chemical constituents were performed using standard procedures. Results obtained on days 10 and 30 were compared with baseline values. UV and UF increased in all groups. Urinary excretion of some electrolytes (Na⁺ and K⁺) and DA increased at day 10 only, whereas others (Ca²⁺ and Cl^-) increased at both days 10 and 30. USG and colour remained unchanged. Urinary creatinine levels significantly increased (p<0.05) in all groups, whereas urinary urea significantly (p<0.05) increased in all groups except the group treated with 8g for 30 days. Urine uric acid and pH decreased in all groups. Urinary protein, glucose, bilirubin and bicarbonate were undetected. Ingestion of C. citratus infusion is associated with some physiochemical changes in urinary composition and could provide significant clinical information on the systemic effects of the plant in humans.

We discuss the band gap tunability of ZnO by mixing ZnO with CdO. Nanoparticles of ZnO/CdO and ZnO are prepared by decomposition of their respective metal acetates, ammonium carbonate and ethylene diamene tetra accetic acid, by chemical co precipitation method. The heat treatment of the precursor powders at their decomposition temperature and beyond, results in the evolution of heat from the combustion of carbonaceous material. This facilitates the reaction among the constituent metal ions and the desired oxide phase is formed at low temperature. The particle size is determined by X-ray diffraction and the diffractogram is compared with JCPDS data to identify the crystallographic phase. The shift in the‘d’ value and elastic micro strain was calculated .The FTIR studies are used to confirm the formation of metal oxide. The characteristic stretching and bending frequencies of the samples were also analysed. The absorption spectra and luminescence spectra are recorded. To study the effect of calcination on crystal lattice, phase, band gap and luminescence the prepared samplewas heated at 9000C. A colour change from saffron to dark brown is observed without any phase change. We also studied the dependence of excitation wavelength on the fluorescent emission of this Nano composite.

In this paper, we made an attempt to study the algebraic nature of anti S-fuzzy subfield of a field.

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physicalor environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, PIR etc. and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location. The development of wireless sensor networks was motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance; today such networks are used in many industrial and consumer applications, such as industrial process monitoring and control, machine health monitoring, and so on. The WSN is built of "nodes" from a few to several hundreds or even thousands, where each node is connected to one (or sometimes several) sensors. Each such sensor network node has typically several parts: a radio transceiver with an internal antenna or connection to an external antenna, a microcontroller, an electronic circuit for interfacing with the sensors and an energy source, usually a battery or an embedded form of energy harvesting. A sensor node might vary in size from that of a shoebox down to the size of a grain of dust, although functioning "motes" of genuine microscopic dimensions have yet to be created. The cost of sensor nodes is similarly variable, ranging from a few to hundreds of dollars, depending on the complexity of the individual sensor nodes. Size and cost constraints on sensor nodes result in corresponding constraints on resources such as energy, memory, computational speed and communications bandwidth. The topology of the WSNs can vary from a simple star network to an advanced multi-hop wireless mesh network. The propagation technique between the hops of the network can be routing or flooding.

Thisstudy compares the heat transfer coefficients for film and dropwise condensation of steam.Copper tube was coated with oleic acid to promote dropwise condensation of steam rather than a continuous film. Excellent dropwise condensation was observed when the cooling surface was coated with oleic acid, and this helps to enhance droplet formation without wetting the surface.The experimental results shows that the value of overall heat transfer coefficient is 50000 W/m2K in dropwise and 12500W/m2K in filmwise condensation.Thus, theoverall heat transfer coefficients during dropwise condensation are approximately four times greater than those during filmwise condensation at the same surface subcooling degrees.

Chemical industries are continuously faced with increasing challenges of safety requirements in plant design and operation. Consequently, more and more attention has been focused on developing greener, safer and efficient chemical processes employing process intensifying methodologies and equipment. While engineered safety devices can be added on to a plant as risk mitigation measures, safety is most reliably ensured by developing inherently safer techniques. This paper reviewed some of the process intensification approaches that could be utilized by chemical industries to improve inherent safety in plant design and operation protocols. Although the potentials of the techniques described in this review for intensification of chemical processing have already been proven in the laboratories, however their application on the industrial scale still presents a difficult challenge.

New advancement in the field of Software Engineering increases more issues and problems. After reviewing quite a few research papers & articles in the field of Software Engineering, we obtained various challenges that rise in building a complex software system. This paper describes several challenges evolved in building a complex software system.

Social work is one of the unique training and profession which strives to enhance the human being through sustain their capabilities and inherent strengths. In practice arena the profession is using various models, approach and intervention modalities to meet the needs and to ameliorate the problems of individual, families, groups, organisation and community. The prime goal of social work practice is to empower the individuals at different level. Empowerment has been a consistent theme within the social work profession for over a century. Hence NASW (1996) directed in its ethical preamble that “The primary mission of the social work profession is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty”.