Archives-June 2015

Talking about green criminology essentially means looking at the position of man in relation to his natural environment. Man by virtue of his position is the epitome of creation. Hence been referred to as the inheritor, conquer and vice glance of the earth. In search of better life, man was able to manipulate his natural environment by any means available to him; this has cause a lot of havoc to him, his environment and other living and non-living beings. The methods and means used to explore the environment are seen by many as necessary tools for advancement, this has dated back from the very beginning of man existence on earth surface. However as man continue to advance in his quest and achievements there comes the alarms as to the consequence of this adventure called ‘development”. The price to pay for this development includes the very sacrifice of man’s life, health and that of other living and non-living beings of the natural environment. The critical question here is does this achievements really worth the price? Who are those paying the price? Who benefit from this high price? And could this falls under acts that calls for legal attention and what are the legal remedies put in place to control these acts? Is there other alternative ways to explore nature thereby inflicting less harm? These and many other questions is what this research work seeks to answer.

The desire to economize time and mental effort in an arithmetical computations and to eliminate human liability to error is probably as old as the science of arithmetic itself. This desire led us to the design of a calculator software to estimate the dominant eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvectors of an n x n matrix up to the tenth order. The method used in designing the software includes developing a Graphical User Interface (GUI) application with MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) using the Rapid Application Development (RAD). RAD is a software development methodology that involves methods like iteration development and software prototyping. This RAD is used to refactor our codes and amend the design should there be complaints from the users. The application software was tested to estimate the largest eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvector of an n x n matrix using the power method with accuracy and reduced time.

Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbines have arisen as the leading technologies in wind power market as they offer a variable-speed, economically viable and efficient alternative to the fossil fuel. The present paper comprises of a wind energy conversion system which is simulated using two level pulse width modulation (PWM) converter as well as three level (PWM) converter and their performance under normal and fault conditions are compared. It is observed that multi-level inverters generate purer sinusoidal voltage with reduced total harmonic distortion thus bringing an improvement in the quality of generated power.

In a deregulated electricity industry, congestion is most likely to occur and FACTS devices have been proven to be very effective in mitigating this challenge. In this paper a sensitivity based analysis is used to determine the optimal place to locate series FACTS devices, the device used for the investigation is Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC). This approach was tested on the South East Nigerian 11 – bus network. The Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT), was used for the simulation of the system. The load flow results obtained showed the effectiveness of the method.

Chemometrics is the application of statistical and mathematical methods, in particular multivariate methods, to handle chemical or process data. In this study, the global and reactivity descriptors with multivariate methods have been utilized as a potential tool for grouping of cyanuric acid. The global and reactivity descriptors of cyanuric acid tautomers were analyzed using Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) in different solvents. The tautomers constitute groups are similar in three solvents namely THF, DMF and water, but in ethanol solvent show different groups. In three solvents (THF,DMF and water), five tautomers, CA2, CA4, CA5, CA6 and CA7 constitute one group, but CA4, CA5, CA6 and CA7 unique well distinguished from the rest. The CA8, CA9 and CA1 tautomers constitute second group and CA10, CA11 and CA3 constitute a cluster of three tautomer types. In ethanol solvent , three tautomers, CA5, CA6 and CA7 constitute one group, the CA8, CA9 and CA1 tautomers constitute second group and CA10 and CA11 constitute a third group and CA2,CA3 and CA4 constitute a fourth group. The HCA results are very similar to those obtained with the PCA results.

Although the Solanaceae family leaves (tomato, eggplant, potato,…etc.) is a main host plant for the larvae of tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta; field bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis is recorded as a new host plant to tomato leafminer, T. absoluta as a first time in Egypt. The larvae of T. absoluta were attacked the leaves of C. arvensis completely. This finding confirmed that the tomato leafminer is a polyphagous insect. This allows it to survive in many habitats in the absence of Solanaceae family crops. This result recommended that removing of field bindweed plants from tomato field may be reducing the tomato leafworm population.

Air conditioning system is highly required device for getting comfort to human being also in industry application. But this device is hungry of lager amount of electricity. The ever increasing energy requirement puts a great burden on the further economical development as India is poor in energy resources. How to reduce the energy consumption by using new energy saving technologies and equipment is an important task now days. A study was carried out to investigate the effect of Earth Heat Exchanger ( Heat Pipe) , Peltier Module with and without combination with vapour compression air conditioning system with return air. The results show that the coefficient of performance of the system can be improved and the energy required by the compressor can be reduced when Peltier Module and Earth Heat Exchanger is used before cooling coil and provide supplementary cooling air to evaporator coil. On the basis of this study, it is recommended that HVAC systems should be installed with Earth (heat pipe) heat exchangers and peltier module for dehumidification enhancement.

The geometries, electronic structures, polarizabilities, and hyperpolarizabilities of organic dye sensitizer 1,4-Phenylenediacetonitrile was studied based on ab initio HF and Density Functional Theory (DFT) using the hybrid functional B3LYP. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrum was investigated by Time Dependent DFT (TDDFT). Features of the electronic absorption spectrum in the visible and near-UV regions were assigned based on TDDFT calculations. The absorption bands are assigned to ???* transitions. Calculated results suggest that the three excited states with the lowest excited energies in 3-Thiophenecarbonitrile is due to photo induced electron transfer processes. The interfacial electron transfer between semiconductor TiO2 electrode and dye sensitizer 3-Thiophenecarbonitrile, is due to an electron injection process from excited dye to the semiconductor’s conduction band. The role of cyanine and methyl group in 3-Thiophenecarbonitrile in geometries, electronic structures, and spectral properties were analyzed.

The solid phase FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of 1-Benzylimidazole (BI) have been recorded in the regions 4000–400 cm-1 and 3500–100 cm-1, respectively. The optimized geometry, frequency and intensity of the vibrational bands, NBO analysis, HOMO- LUMO study of BI in DFT levels of theory using B3LYP/6-31G and B3LYP/6-311+G basis set. The harmonic vibrational frequencies were calculated and the scaled values have been compared with experimental FTIR and FT-Raman spectra. A detailed interpretation of the vibrational spectra of the title compound has been made on the basis of the calculated potential energy distribution (PED). Stability of the molecule arising from hyperconjucative interactions leading to its bioactivity, charge delocalization have been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The calculated HOMO-LUMO energies shows that charge transfer occur within the molecule. The observed and calculated frequencies are found to be in good agreement.

This work presents the quantum chemical calculations and spectral techniques of 4, 5- Diphenylimidazole (DPI). The spectroscopic properties were investigated by FT-IR and FT-Raman. The FT-IR spectrum (4000–400 cm?1) and FT-Raman spectrum (3500–100 cm?1) in solid phase was recorded for DPI. The optimised geometry, harmonic vibrational frequencies have been investigated by DFT/B3LYP method with 6-31G (d) and 6-311G (d, p) basis sets. The difference between the observed and scaled wave number values of most of the fundamental is very small. Stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interactions, charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. HOMO and LOMO energies were measured. The electric dipole moment (?D) and first hyperpolarizability (?tot) values of the investigated molecule were computed using ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. The calculated results also show that the DPI molecule may have microscopic nonlinear optics (NLO) behavior. Finally molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) also performed.