Archives-June 2014

Mean labeling of graphs was discussed in [24-28].Different kinds of mean labeling were discussed in [17]. In this paper, we have proved the Cycle related mean graphs.

Noise is defined as any unintended signal that interferes with circuit operation. Although this includes spurious signals of human origin or the external environment, this investigation is limited to noise that result from microscopic fluctuations within the semi-conductor components of the circuit. While noise is typically seen as an analog circuits problem, it is believed that noise will become of greater concern in digital circuits as devices shrink, power supply voltages are reduced, and the number of carriers conducted by these devices is reduced. Noise under large-signal conditions is an important consideration in the design of wireless communications circuits. It has an effect on the spectral purity of oscillators and the noise figure of mixers and power amplifiers. The ability to simulate the noise of LC Voltage- Controlled Oscillators (VCOs) makes it possible to predict their performance in these types of circuits. It is then possible to have a better picture of the worst-case performance of these circuits so that overdesign or costly redesigns are not necessary. This paper presents the development and simulation techniques and mathematically accurate models at the component level resulting in optimization of low frequency loading, feedback circuit and emitter degeneration which can help minimize the phase noise in FET oscillators subject to design constraints such as power dissipation, tank amplitude, tuning range, start-up condition, and diameter of spiral inductors.VCO output frequency is tuned by on-chip p /n-well junction varactors. The circuit topology minimizes the amount of fixed parasitic capacitance in the tank circuit. The simulation results show that the proposed VCO can reach the frequency wished to the telecommunication application. Parameters from an industrial0.35 ?m CMOS process are used for simulations. The nominal operating frequency of these oscillators is 2.4 GHz. They are designed to be resistant to supply and temperature effects. This oscillator achieves the necessary temperature and supply independence while being tunable about 2.4 GHz. Using only 2.5V of power supply and 1V of tuned voltage, the circuit shows a simulated single-output sensitivity of 565ppm/°C at 27C temperature and -0.47%/Volt at 2V.

The present study was carried out to determine the Physico-chemical variations in coastal Waters of Mandapam, Thoothukudi, and Kanyakumari along the south east coast of India. The sampling of coastal water was carried out during April 2013 to March 2014.The environmental factors viz. temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, inorganic nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, silicate, and chlorophyll -a were analyzed in the coastal waters. The Physico-chemical parameters have showed substantial and spatial variations. Physico-Chemical parameters can determine the species diversity and abundance in the particular area. Nutrient concentrations were higher during monsoon season and low during summer. Knowledge of nutrients relating to their influential sources, utilization levels and their availability will be of great value to assess the output potential of marine ecosystem.

An electrophilic substitution reaction of indole with variety of carbonyl compounds catalyzed by stannous chloride dihydrate in presence of aqueous medium has been investigated. The offered green method provided the target molecules in better yields and less reaction time at room temperature.

The Fourier transform Infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman spectra of 2-Methoxynaphthalene (2MN) have been measured. The molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, Infrared intensities and Raman activities have been calculated by using density functional theory calculation (B3LYP) with 6-311+G** basis set. Complete vibrational assignment and analysis of the fundamental modes of the compound were carried out using the observed FT-IR and FT-Raman. Simulated FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra for 2MN showed good agreement with the observed spectra. The stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interactions and the charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond (NBO) analysis. Further, density functional theory (DFT) combined with quantum chemical calculations to determine the first-order hyperpolarizability. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. Electronic excitation energies, oscillator strength and nature of the respective excited states were calculated by the closed-shell singlet calculation method were also calculated for the molecule.

This study investigated the relationship of academic stress with depression, self-efficacy and academic performance among high school students. Using random stratified sampling technique 120 students with high scores in academic stress (the scores ranging 15 to 30) selected and responded to depression and self-efficacy questionnaires. The data were collected by a scale for assessing academic stress (Sinha, Sharma, and Mahendra, 2001); children’s depression inventory (Kovacs, 1992) and General self-efficacy scale (Schwarzer and Jerusalem, 1995). The data were analyzed with Pearson’s Moment correlation coefficient and multiple regressions. Results showed a positive correlation between academic stress and depression, a negative correlation of academic stress and depression with self-efficacy and academic performance, a negative relationship between depression and self-efficacy, and a positive relationship between self-efficacy and academic performance. Further, result indicates that there are multiple correlations between the variables and the Beta coefficients showed self-efficacy as a best predictor of academic performance.

Over the last three decades, employee training both formal and informal has contributed to high organizational commitment, job satisfaction and job performance, many employers and employees have struck out an agreement on how better to train employees despite the hard economic times and scarce resources that organization posses and this is normally done through organization sponsoring employee training or the employee self initiating the training. The popularity of the training concept has stemmed from its relationship with several important employee behaviours. For instance, literature has shown that employee training contributes to organizational commitment and job satisfaction may have positive impact on job performance and negative relationships with turnover, intent to leave and tardiness. Therefore, training helps in predicting employee satisfaction, commitment and turnover is important because employees have become the only source of sustainable competitive advantage to organizations. The researcher used a descriptive research design basing on the use of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The target population for this study was selected employees from the Public service in Kisii Central sub County. The researcher used self administered questionnaire as research tool to collect data from the respondents. The collected data was thoroughly examined and checked for completeness and comprehensibility. The study used regression analysis both simple and multiple to study the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. From the values of the coefficients, we conclude that the independent variables Induction training affect organizational commitment and job performance significantly, (?=2.740; p-value =0.0183); followed by attending conferences, workshop & seminars (?=2.012; p-value=0.0052), then Government Sponsored Training (?=0.772; p-value=0.0299) and Self Initiated Training (?=0.302; p-value=0.0011). The study concluded that self initiated training influence employee commitment to the organization and job performance.

This paper investigates the role of good governance in the development of rural areas and in arresting social insecurity. It assesses the general characteristic of good governance in the world especially as it relates to rural areas of Nigeria. It examines the causes of social insecurity and advocates that the various actors at the rural areas must contribute to good governance if social security must be achieved. It opines that in a situation of crisis, hunger and want, social security challenges exist. Insecurity of life, war, famine can lead to displacement and the extinction of a civilization. The paper concludes by examining how social security can be achieved and the link between social security and the continuity of culture.

In this paper we introduced the concepts of fuzzy generalized super continuous mappings and explore some of its basic properties in fuzzy topological spaces.

This experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki in order to evaluate productivity indices of spent lubricant oil-contaminated soil bio-remediated with organic wastes for three (2006 – 2008) cropping seasons. The field was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD). The spent lubricant oil was applied blanket on soil at 5 % equivalent to 50,000 mg kg-1 to all the plots to serve as source of contamination. The organic wastes were burnt rice husk dust, unburnt (fresh) rice husk dust, sawdust and control applied at 20 t ha-1 equivalent to 8 kg ha-1 and replicated five times. Modified Pierce et al. productivity index was used to compute the productivity indices. The modified productivity index entailed use of sufficiencies for bulk density, available water capacity, root weighting factor (RWF), pH and exclusion of sufficiencies for aeration and electrical conductivity. The productivity indices (PI) were highest (P1=0.31, 0.27, 0.27 and 0.27) for oil contaminated soil treated with saw dust (OS), oil contaminated soil treated with unburnt rice husk dust (OU), oil contaminated soil amended with (OS) and oil contaminated soil treated with unburnt rice husk dust (OU) amended plots in 2006, 2007 and 2008 cropping seasons, respectively. These PI were 29, 35 and 80% higher than the control for the three seasons for the respective treatments of OS, OU and OS and OU. The mean productivity indices were (x=0.19, 0.27, 0.24 and 0.27) for control, OU, OB and OS amendments, respectively. Grain yields of maize of 1.72 and 1.70 t ha-1 were obtained for PI of 0.31 and 0.30 for oil contaminated soil treated with saw dust (OS) and oil contaminated soil amended with unburnt rice husk dust (OU) amended plots, respectively. Oil contaminated soil treated with unburnt rice husk dust (OU) (x=27) and oil contaminated soil amended with saw dust (OS) (x=0.27) wastes predicted highly for spent oil contaminated soil amended with organic wastes and could be recommended for bio-remediation of such soil in Abakaliki.