Archives-January 2016

The study highlights the role of District Teacher Educators (DTEs) in the evaluation of primary teachers. The objectives of the study focus on the effective evaluation of primary teachers through the nine indicators discussed in the MVF (Mentoring Visit Form) form. The population of the study comprised all the primary teachers and District Teacher Educators in two districts (Vehari & Pakpattan) of Punjab province. The research was survey descriptive in nature. A questionnaire was used for the collection of data. Statistical techniques of mean score and standard deviation were used for the description of data. The study concluded that teachers maintain their diaries properly and make reflections on the written works of students in the form of feedback. The results of Mentoring Visit Form of DTEs tell us that majority of the teachers used activity based teaching in the classroom. DTEs make us known that majority of the primary teacher keep discipline in the classroom.

The level of maternal mortality is an indicator of disparity in access to appropriate health care and nutrition services throughout their life particularly during pregnancy and childbirth. National Population Policy 2000 and National Health Policy 2002 aim to reduce the Maternal Mortality Rate (MM Rate) to 100 per 100,000 live births from the current level of 400-500. Though India has made an appreciable progress in improving the overall health status of its population but it is far from satisfaction. The pace of decline of maternal mortality on has been quite low. The death of a woman during pregnancy and childbirth is not only a health issue but also a matter of social injustice and discrimination. The complications of pregnancies and the births are found to be the foremost causes of maternal deaths. This measure reflects not only the risk of maternal death per pregnancy, but also the level of fertility in a population. The fertility beyond age 35 years is risky for both women and child and it leads to miscarriage, maternal & child mortality thus the study of the fertility beyond 35 years of age is an important issue for the researchers to study the status of maternal and child health. In this paper a simple technique has been proposed to estimate the MM Rate and MM Ratio using the age specific fertility rate (ASFR) and percentage of safe delivery beyond 35 years of age respectively, keeping in view of the above fact.

Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is renowned for its range of essential nutrients and bioactive compounds. However, the toxicity and potential radiation modifying effects of extracts from its entities are not well characterised. The cytotoxic and radiomodulatory effects of aqueous extracts obtained from seeds, leaves and flowers of M. oleifera were evaluated. Cytotoxicity and radiation modifying effects of extracts were assessed in apparently normal Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79 cells), using the colony forming assay. The free radical scavenging activity of each extract was also assessed, using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. At relatively low concentrations of 6.25–100 µg/ml, the seed extract showed about 20% cytotoxicity and yielded radiation sensitizing factors ranging from 1.23±0.07 to 2.38±0.76. The leaf extract was non-toxic at concentrations of up-to 50 µg/ml, but produced ~12% cell kill at 100 µg/ml. With the little or no cytotoxity on its own, the leaf extract was radiosensitizing, with radiation modifying factors ranging from 1.30±0.18 to 1.50±0.26. At all tested concentrations, the flower extract was non-toxic, but significantly enhanced cell growth in unirradiated cultures, showing no effect on cellular radiation response. With the exception of the leaf extract which had a maximum of only 9% free radical scavenging capacity, the other extracts showed no potential as radical scavengers. Aqueous extracts of seeds, leaves and flowers of M. oleifera may potentially be clinically useful as cytotoxic agents, radiosensitizers, and wound healing promoters.

In this paper, we consider a new method to improve the performance of TCP over wireless networks. The method employs NDG loss-predictor function to determine congestion losses from that of transmission loss. The sender window can adjust its size depending on the loss information. If the loss is due to congestion congestion control algorithm is invoked to decrease the flow rate. If the loss is due to wireless transmission, immediate-recovery algorithm is invoked to recover the losses caused by the sender TCP. To minimise the packet losses due to congestion, we use stability analysis over the system by applying a time-delay control theory. By constructing Hermit matrix, system analysis is made for asymptotic stability. Explicit conditions are derived for Pmax (RED controller) and ? (fNDG parameter) in terms of wireless network parameters. Using the characteristic equation of the Hermite matrix, convergence analysis of the instantaneous queue length at the bottleneck router is made. Convergence of the queue length to a given target value is analysed. This minimise the oscillatory behaviour of the RED router. An approximate solution of queue length is also derived. Our results provide better solutions for global stability and convergence conditions of the wireless system.

In this work, the Adomian decomposition (ADM) and Picards Iterative Methods were used to solve nonlinear ordinary differential equations analytically and numerically using the Trapezoidal rule approach, and the results are compared for accuracy and rate of convergence. Though a little modification by the use of contraction principle was made to the Picard Iteration Method in order to accelerate the convergence of the method it was found out that the ADM converges faster than the Picard’s method.

In this paper we have studied the range of Hankel type and extended Hankel type transforms on some spaces of functions. Further the Paley-Wiener type theorem for the Hankel type transforms is also established.

In this paper we have explored the problem for generalized temperature functions considered over positive and negative time. We have established representation theorems and their applications.

In this study, corporate law will be discussed based on the interests of shareholders and creditors. We hypothesized that, based on the reason-based choice of maximization of corporate value by reputation, the use of the Nudge does not eliminate the inefficiencies caused by increased transaction costs for interest adjustment. Conventional financial evaluation is treated as a separate index. In addition, we assume high transaction costs for the interest adjustment of shareholders and creditors. However, it is possible to set forth the same goal of creating corporate value by reputation, suggesting the possibility that conflicts of interest eventually subside. In addition, we want to develop the idea of interest adjustment of parties as reciprocal altruism through behavioral economics.

An aqueous medium multicomponent synthesis of trans-2-aroyl-5-methyl-3-aryl-3, 5-dihydrofuro [3, 2-c]-quinolin-4(2H)-one in pyridine by conventional and microwave irradiation, easy workup, smaller reaction time and lack of column chromatography are the significant feature of this protocol. The Phenacyl bromide with pyridine is first time used as starting with1-methyl-4-hydroxy quinolone, substituted aromatic aldehydes for the biological interest compound (4a-p) for this green transformation generating one C-O and two C-C bonds in one operation, Knoevenagel followed by Michael addition and intramolecular Cyclisation.

Re-use of treated wastewater for aquaculture and irrigation offers a possibility for water conservation and sustainable food production, however, the issue of human health is crucial. We assessed quality of water and catfish carp (Clarias gariepinus) in a fishpond receiving treated effluents from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania for physico-chemical water quality parameters, bacteria, nitrogen and heavy metals. Concentrations were compared to WHO standards to assess potential health risks. The water quality parameters conformed to WHO standards. Concentrations of measured toxic metals in water and fish exceeded WHO standards. These results indicate that the reared catfish are not suitable for human consumption.