Archives-August 2014

Frequent pattern mining is a process of mining data as a set of itemsets or patterns from a transactional database which support the minimum support threshold. A frequent pattern is a pattern (ie. a set of items, substructures, subsequences etc.) that occurs frequently in a dataset. Association rule mining is a process of mining data as a set of rules from a transactional database which support the minimum support and confidence. The implementation methods uses special data structures to solve the problem of FPM and ARM. This paper presents some of the data structures for FPM with their advantages and disadvantages.

Today, multi-stage compressors serve in many industry branches. The multi-stage compressor design is primarily focused on storage or process conditions. Outside of the guaranteed time that the compressor manufacturer ensures, material fatigue and other mechanical problems that occur during process cause off-design operation of compressors. In this study, the relative Mach number in the discharge and inducer, including the non-dimensional mass flow rate are studied and compared with appropriate available theory.

This paper deals with the problem of estimating the population variance when some information on two auxiliary variables is available. It is shown that the proposed estimator is more efficient than the usual mean estimator and other existing estimators. The study is also extended to two-phase sampling. Theoretical results are supported by an empirical study.

Kandhamal district situated in central part of Orissa receives an annual rainfall of 1396mm and this region is highly prone to soil and runoff loss due to heavy rainfall during kharif. A trial was conducted during 2001-04 to study the effect of conservation trenches on plantation crop. This trial was conducted on farmers field of Sudreju village of Kandhamal district under National Agricultural Technology Project(NATP, RRPS-7) with the following objectives.1.To conserve moisture for establishment of plantation crop. 2.To reduce erosion from upstream area.3 To increase production of timber, fruit species, fuel wood and fodder .The following treatments were tried.1.No treatment.2.Continuous V-ditches at 10m horizontal interval.3 Continuous V-ditches at 20m horizontal interval.4.V-ditches staggered at 5m horizontal interval. 5 V-ditches staggered at 10m horizontal interval. Mango varieties Pusa Amrapalli was tried during kharif and during, rabi Black gram (PU-30) was tried in between mango rows. It is observed that in, cont. contour V-ditch at 10m interval rate of growth was 2.06 cm/month in case of Amrapalli , which is 46 %higher compared to control. The grain yield of niger, black gram & mustard are 33.4%, 23.5 % &26.6 % higher than control respectively. Though the cost of construction is little high it is recommended to practice contour V-ditch at 10m intervals, to conserve soil and moisture and to get more grain yield in degraded watershed of Kandhamal district

Employees play a substantive role in taking many decisions in organizations. Whether the decisions made with regards to the employees are just is occasionally questioned. The behaviors of the employees against justice began to be analyzed, as justice being taken seriously in organization. (Serdar ÇÖP et al.,2008) Without a perception of justice and fairness, organizations will have great difficulty in motivating and guiding employees. Organizational fairness demonstrates the administration’s respect for employees and produces a bridge of trust that ultimately strengthens the employees’ commitment to the organization employees who feel that their employing organization is fair and just in dealing with workers will encourage trust and loyalty ., and this will ultimately increase the organizational commitment of the worker. ( Lambert,2003)

India is the agriculture based country. Agricultural sector is playing vital role in Indian economy. Our ancient people completely depended on the agricultural harvesting. This paper is a basic implementation to bring Indian agricultural system to the world class standards. Paper is used to find the exact field condition. Irrigation by help of freshwater resources in agricultural areas has a crucial importance. Because of highly increasing demand for freshwater, optimal usage of water resources has been provided with greater extent by automation technology and its apparatus such as drip irrigation, sensors and remote control. Our paper aim is to control the wastage of water in the field by using the drip irrigation and also to provide exact controlling of field by atomizing the agricultural environment by using the components and building the necessary hardware. The humidity and temperature of plants are precisely monitored and controlled. By using drip irrigation the water will be maintained at the constant level i.e. the water will reach the roots by going drop by drop. Irrigation system controls valves by using automated controller to turn ON & OFF. This allows the farmer to apply the right amount of water at the right time, regardless of the availability of the labor to turn valves or motor ON & OFF. This reduces runoff over watering saturated soils avoid irrigating at the wrong time of the day. It improves crop performances and help in time saving in all the aspects. In this paper an ARM LPC2148 Microcontroller based drip irrigation mechanism is proposed, which is a real time feedback control system for monitoring and controlling all the activities of drip irrigation system more efficiently. GSM is used to inform the user about the exact field condition. The information is given on user request in form of SMS. Eg. GSM modem can be controlled by standard set of AT (Attention) commands. These commands can be used to control majority of the functions of GSM modem. GSM serves as an important part as it is responsible for controlling the irrigation on field and sends them to the receiver through coded signals. GSM operates through SMS’s and is the link between ARM processor and centralized unit. The drip method of irrigation has been found to have a significant impact on resources saving, cost of cultivation, yield of crops and farm profitability.

This study was designed to examine the effects of different concentrations of endosulfan on accumulation of antioxidants and total phenolics, in an aquatic fern Azolla microphylla Methods: Azolla microphylla were collected from paddy fields, Department of Biological Sciences, SHIATS, Allahabad. Fronds were cleaned, washed and experiment was carried at an interval of 3 and 7days using 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 600 ppm concentrations of endosulfan. The total phenol content was estimated by Folin–Ciocalteu assay and its antioxidant activity was determined by free radical scavenging DPPH assay, Ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) assay and Guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD) assay. The highest total phenolic content (TPC), enzyme and antioxidant activity was observed at 200 ppm and 100 ppm after 3rd and 7th day of incubation respectively. After that there was there was gradual decrease in phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity showed increment at lower concentrations however a significant reduction in TPC and antioxidant activity was observed at higher concentrations suggesting a loss in antioxidant power of this potential eco-friendly fern.

This study was designed to test the path-goal theory of leadership in an educational setting. It investigated the relationship among directive and participative leadership behavior of degree college principals, and faculty job satisfaction, acceptance of leader and job expectancies, moderated by teachers’ need for autonomy. The questionnaire comprised of a combination of instruments measuring directive and participative leadership styles, need for autonomy and all three subordinate outcomes along with two scales for measuring role ambiguity and stress of the principals for controlling their affects. MANCOVA was used to know the moderating affect of need for autonomy on the relationship of leadership style and subordinates’ outcomes controlling the effect of role ambiguity and stress of the principals. Findings indicated that the need for autonomy differentially affected subordinate outcomes relationships with directive and participative leader behaviors. Two out of six hypotheses were according to the predictions of theory. All the results of the study were discussed in relation to the path-goal theory.

Urbanization is an index of transformation from traditional rural economies to modern industrial one. It is a long term process. This paper endeavors to illuminate on the process of urbanization in India over a century with emphasis on level, tempo of urbanization and urban morphology using Indian Census data during 1901-2001. It will try to trace urban problems and related policy issues. At the moment, India is among the countries of low level of urbanization. Number of urban agglomeration /town has grown from 1827 in 1901 to 5161 in 2001. Number of population residing in urban areas has increased from 2.58 crores in 1901 to 28.53 crores in 2001. Only28% of population was living in urban areas as per 2001 census. Over the years there has been continuous concentration of population in class I towns. On the contrary the concentration of population in medium and small towns either fluctuated or declined. The graduation of number of urban centers from lower population size categories to class I cities has resulted top heavy structure of urban population in India. India’s urbanization is often termed as over- urbanizationpseudo- urbanization. The big cities attained inordinately large population size leading to virtual collapse in the urban services and followed by basic problems in the field of housing, slum, water, infrastructure, quality of life etc. Urbanization is a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration. Urbanisation is occurring not due to urban pull but due to rural push. Globalization, liberalization, privatization are addressing negative process for urbanization in India. Policy relates to proper urban planning where city planning will consist of operational, developmental and restorative planning. Redirection of investment is recommended to develop strong economic base for small and medium city neglected so far so that migration flows are redirected to small and medium cities.

In this paper we interest to how we can make a multiphysics model of IM, the FEM currently represents the state-of-the-art in the numerical magnetic field computation relating to electrical machines. FEM is a numerical method to solve the partial differential equations that expresses the physical quantities of interest, in this case thermal transfer and Maxwell’s equations. This approach is possible by using special simulation package frequently exploited bout in university and industry. A simple description of each one of this famous software is presented. In this moment, with the complicity of the problem, we made a decoupling between the thermal phenomena, electromagnetic and mechanics phenomena, in the first time we considers only the transient thermal and the other phenomena are in steady state, on the other hand in the second times the thermal behavior is ignored. FEM analysis is used for study state and transient mode, thermal transient, magnetic field calculation, the magnetic flux density and vector potential of machine is obtained. In this model we including, non linear material characteristics, eddy current effect, torque-speed characteristics, and magnetic analysis are investigated. Finally some simulation results of induction motor modeled by Motor-CAD and Maxwell software are given and commented.