Electrical and Electronics

Reversible logic is suitable for the design of various logics, functions which indeed has lower power consumption and improved speed. In this research work the testable reversible realization of multiplexers, demultiplexers, flip flops and shift registers is done using new testable reversible gate (NTG), which combines feynman gate and Haghparast Navi Gate (HNG). The flip flops are the basic element for any sequential circuit design. The various flip flops are designed using the reversible logic with the appropriate combination and are used as base element for the design of shift registers. The results from the proposed testable reversible multiplexers and demultiplexers show the 10% reduction in power and also 2% delay improvement as compared to Rgate reversible logic. The sequential elements i.e. flip flops and registers using proposed method show 10% power reduction and 5% speed improvement as compared to designs using Rgate logic. A single unit of combinational and sequential logic is designed for delay and power improvement, practically this can be utilized in the large designs to reduce power consumption and delay to a considerable value. Reversible logic is becoming more and more prominent as the technology sets higher demands on heat, power, scaling and stability. Currently, computations are commonly irreversible, even though the physical devices that execute them are fundamentally reversible.

This paper presents, a FPGA based the 64-bit RC5 encryption algorithm. One of complex operation in RC5 encryption is rotate thus we implementation this operation on FPGA using barrel shifter. We implement total of mathematic equations based optimized logic circuits until dynamic power consumption reduced, also for increase in speed and maximum operation frequency we using pipelining technique in proposed method. The results from the place and route report indicate that logic utilization by this architecture is 17% with a maximum clock frequency of 175.69 MHz.

Mean shift tracking is a widely used tool for robust and quick tracking of the object in video, against partial occlusion and clutter. This paper proposes a Parzen window based mean shift tracker for visual object tracking. It combines three RGB color histogram and generates its Kernel Density estimation using Gaussian Kernel. Parzen window density estimation method is used to solve the basic problems of mean shift like, divide by zero problems in the weight computation and its association to tracking interruption. The Parzen window interpolates the histogram of target candidate. The experimental results show that proposed method performs better than traditional mean shift for fast moving objects and objects having background clutter at moderate increase in computational complexity.

A multiband slotted and defected ground microstrip patch antenna which operates at more than one frequency has been designed. It effectively tunes at 3GHz, 5.5GHz and 7.8GHz with satisfactory return loss obtained at these resonant frequencies, which is -10.72dB, -13.38dB and -14.55dB respectively. Size of the antenna is going to be compact. The substrate FR4 epoxy (relative permittivity: 4.4) is used in the design of the antenna. Antenna design is proposed in different type of slots such as T-shaped and rectangular-shaped etc. slots in patch. This design can be used for wide range of Wireless applications. For the simulation HFSS is used.

In the present scenario, availability of power and water are insufficient to satisfy the farmer’s requirements. Traditionally implemented Techniques of irrigation are proving to be less futile as these are not good at multitasking different concerns which are combinations of availability of water, source of energy and timely soil profile analysis. With the merger of automation and the methods of irrigation used earlier. The scope to mitigate issues concerning water and power crisis, is huge. In this paper Internet of Things based solar powered smart irrigation system with monitoring and control features, is designed and implemented. The sensor enabled proposed model of smart irrigation system along with its Android application and ESP8266 as its main controllers. The farmland parameters can be monitored anywhere around the world with the help of IoT technology. The whole concept of this paper is implemented and then only the results are presented.

This paper focuses on the experimentally investigating the impact of ambient temperature on the discharging efficiency of the battery of a sensor node of the wireless sensor network (WSN). Experimental results have shown 5.137% improvement of battery lifetime at 15oC when the sampling interval is 0.2 seconds with data compression, but the improvement is 16.679% when the sensor node is operated at the optimum sampling interval of 0.62 seconds with data compression. However, the maximum improvement in the battery lifetime is recorded when the sensor field temperature is 35o C with optimum sampling interval.

The main aim of this paper to solve the economic dispatch problem (EDP). The objective of the EDP of electric power generation, whose characteristics are complex and highly non-linear, is to schedule the committed generating unit outputs so as to meet the required load demand at minimum operating cost while satisfying system constraints. Hence, for economic operation of the system, the total demand must be suitably shared among the generating units with an objective to minimize the total generation cost for the system. Economic Dispatch is a procedure to determine the electrical power to be generated by the Committed generating units in a power system so that the total generation cost of the system is minimized, while satisfying the load demand simultaneously. An clone optimization technique for solving the economic dispatch problem in a power system is very useful and gives accurate result compare to other classical method. The proposed technique implemented Clonal Selection algorithm with cloning, mutation and selection approaches. For solving economic load dispatch problem this approach was tested. For generating unit at varies loading condition, the feasibility of proposed technique was demonstrated on a system. The Artificial Immune System optimization technique with Reproduction Crossover and mutation has provided the best result in terms of cost minimization and least execution time.

Often a huge amount of efforts are invested in ferrying old or ill people to laboratories for medical diagnosis. That also involves troubles like repeated investments and in addition a pile of reports that are often messed up. Finding a particular report is always herculean. Solutions to all these troubles is MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS CHAIR. This Medical Diagnosis Chair is almost a mini - laboratory. This can also stay connected with laboratories, doctors and family members. It eliminates the old people to the laboratories and also avoids the piling of reports. The functions of MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS CHAIR are a set sensors are used to find Blood Pressure and Heart Beat count. If there are any fluctuations in heart beat is reported and the alarm is raised and voice call is initiated. At regular intervals reports are generated and stored in local memory as well as transmitted. The hardware section includes the Arduino Galileo Gen2 board, Blood Pressure sensor, Pulse rate sensor, Capacitive touch sensor, GSM shield and memory card.

This paper proposed the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) type multiple stabilizers to damp inter-area and intra-area low frequency oscillations in power system utility. To improve power system stability, optimal tuning of the PID type stabilizer gains and non-smooth nonlinear parameters is importance and a challenging task to accommodate variations in the power system dynamics, mainly when multiple PSSs are applied. Because, it is a computationally expensive combinational and nonlinear optimization problem. In this paper, Elitist Gravitational Search Algorithm (EGSA) is proposed to optimize multiple PID type PSSs gains tuning problem, simultaneously in order to reduce stabilizer design effort and find the best possible solution. The EGSA is a novel meta-heuristic stochastic optimization algorithm and simulates the masses cooperate using a direct form of communication through gravitational force to find the best possible solution within a reasonable computation time. It provides both global and local search by changing the velocities over time to determine distance and direction of agents (masses) for significant increasing the probability of finding the optimal solution and efficiently avoiding local optimum to a large extent. To optimize of multiple PSSs gains a nonlinear time domain-based objective function under various operating conditions is considered. It is solved using EGSA technique that has strong and robust search capability than the other heuristic optimization algorithm, as well as is being easy to implement. The effectiveness of the proposed EGSA based stabilizers is investigated on a two-area four machine power system through the nonlinear time domain simulation and some performance indices under different operation condition and system configurations. The performance of the proposed stabilizer is compared with those of standard Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and PSO with time variant acceleration coefficients based designed PSSs to illustrate its robustness and damping quality. The results analysis reveals that the EGSA based tuned PID type PSS is effective and achieves good low frequency oscillations damping capability. Moreover, it is superior that of the PSO method in terms of accuracy, convergence and computational effort.

In order to increase the reliability and efficiency of distributed micro-generation a modular grid-connected inverter system is proposed. It consists of a modular DC-DC converter and modular DC-AC converter. Output of the DC-DC converter and input of the DC-AC inverter is connected with a DC bus. The By using the DC-DC converter voltage can be stepped up and Maximum power point tracking can be achieved In this system no transformer is used in the inverter side to inject the voltage into the grid. Here the Voltage is injected in the grid using inductor filter. The practicability of the proposed system has been verified by simulation results and hardware.