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Thermal tolerances of Coenagrionidae and Libellulidae naiads in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe, were determined using the critical thermal maximum (CTM) method. Eighty eight naiads were assessed, 44 from Coenagrionidae with two size classes, small (6.0 – 9.9 mm) and big (10.0 – 19.9 mm) and 44 from Libellulidae with two size classes, small (7.0 – 14.9 mm) and big (15.0 – 22.9 mm). Water temperature was increased at a mean rate of 0.5 ± 0.1ºC per minute until there was loss of locomotor capacity and motion. Temperatures at which the naiads stopped moving and responding to probing were recorded as the critical thermal maxima. The mean thermal tolerances of Coenagrionidae and Libellulidae naiads were 44.33ºC and 46.22ºC respectively. Regression analysis indicated that body size had no effect on thermal tolerance in Coenagrionidae (P > 0.05) but had an effect on Libellulidae (P < 0.05). Both families had high thermal tolerances though Libellulidae had a higher tolerance than Coenagrionidae. Anova revealed significant differences between the two families (P < 0.05). Understanding how temperature affects biological systems is a central question in ecology and evolutionary biology. Determination of upper thermal limits provides insight into the relative sensitivity of organisms to elevated temperatures hence to climate change.

Theassertion of scholars must not be taken as the meaning last countries. Scholars assertionmust mean effort in stating new command for a social or Update scientific problem not stateing imitated command from the previous Jurists. Perhaps prophet’s opinion of exertion has been the above mentioned Meaning. As he stated when a judge efforts for understanding of correct Command and then perceives the correct commands. He will be rewarded with one spiritual reward. So just as we saw , in this reverse , the prophet (p.b.u.h) has referred to some commands to which there isn’t any command and so the legist has to obsess their mind with the use of correct criterion which are derived from religion.Definitely legists who have judged to up to date dower must also judge to cases like blood money, women blood money, women retaliation, blood money and retaliation of non Muslims up to date and must be imitate the previous jurists.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to discuss that whether a major portion of the monthly budget of each household is spent on FMCG products. With more than 6, 38,588 villages and more than 72.2% of the population, rural India has become a massive consumer goods market. Further the purpose of this study is to examine the brand awareness in rural area and to study the interest of consumers in branded products of Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG). Design/methodology/approach: The paper draws from a research study comprising qualitative methods as well as case study analyses. The central aspect of the approach to this topic is that it is a bottom?up perspective grounded in understanding rural markets. The theoretical scope of the paper includes brand awareness, FMCG products and consumer preferences in impoverished environment of rural markets. Findings: The authors' key finding is that FMCG has emerged as a major product category in rural consumption. Companies marketing FMCG to rural consumers cannot merely extend their general marketing strategies to rural markets. Instead, they need to devise rural specific strategies. The brand awareness is showing increasing tendency everywhere and Baroda Region of Gujarat State is not an exception to it. Research limitations/implications: This research has implications for theoretical and empirical advancement in the areas of structuring marketing activities in rural areas. Practical implications: This research has implications for several aspects of rural marketing strategy. To examine the validity of this general statement that is being discussed day in and day out by the researcher, market managers, producers, consumers, advertisers, etc. Originality/value: This paper suggests that brand awareness and spending power are inextricably linked in subsistence contexts with important implications for rural marketing. Research Paper on brand awareness in rural area of Fast Moving Consumer Goods in Baroda Region of Gujarat State is taken up.

Replacement feeding is known way of feeding babies born of HIV infected mothers in order to curb Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). The reactions of family members and other neighbours towards HIV infected mothers who cannot breastfeed their babies poses a challenge to public health as a whole. This is because heeding to health education on appropriate actions to reduce or stop MTCT of HIV/AIDS through avoidance of breastfeeding may be fruitless as the mothers may be stigmatized. In communities with infant feeding groups or HIV support groups, the story may be different and will lead to better baby outcomes. In conditions where the family and the community understands and are supportive or in favour or replacement feeding, the chance of child survival is certainly higher. In sub urban areas like the study where the prevalence (11.9%) of MTCT of HIV has been found to be highest in the whole nation, MTCT transmission through breastfeeding could be possible. Thus this survey was find out the support and community participation in curbing HIV transmission through breastfeeding by the use of replacement feeding. A cross-sectional research design was used and the variables described. In both approaches (quantitative and qualitative methods) of data collection were used. The quantitative arm recruited 112 women in three facilities using convenient sampling and a WHO structured questionnaire and the qualitative components sourced 16 women from eight community-based associations for in-depth interviews. Microsoft Excel and Stata statistical software version 10 were used for creating data-base and analysis respectively. Community support on infant feeding was low. The results could be used in intensifying the health education on PMTCT of HIV/AIDS.

An important transition in IT service delivery today is buzzword Cloud Computing. The tools, building blocks and best practices are evolving for cloud computing which in turn increases challenges to deploy the best suited cloud solutions. Initially the big players like Google, Microsoft, Amazon set the stage for how to deploy web applications & pay for their use on the web. Thus with number of platforms and services available to for a cloud it is hard to make a reasonable choice for at least a novice who has just entered into cloud. The paper is intended to provide an insight into few cloud providers’ services with respect to their features and scenarios. This comparison may help in the selection of a platform and may leverage as a starting point for a researcher.

The purpose of the study is to explore the more fields of customer based brand equity in Pakistan telecom sector. Moreover, an effort has made to view the existence of relationship between the brad equity factors. The questionnaire was distributed among the respondents by following the simple random sampling technique. Questionnaires were distributed among 315 respondents. Out of which only 207 were capable for properly filled. Data was analysed through SPSS and relationships between proposed variables was checked through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings of this study show a significant positive relationship among the four factors of brand equity. The relationships among perceived quality, brand awareness and brand associations are found to be quite strong while the relationship between these three variables and brand loyalty was relatively weaker. This research study highlights the area where companies should focus to gain a sustainable competitive advantage. Further research can be done to find out the root causes of the factors that weaken the relationship of brand loyalty with other variables.

The purpose of this study was to extend the existing body of knowledge on course stress related with university students. A conceptual framework which illustrates four dimensions of coursework stress including coursework worries, lack of skills to perform coursework, dis-likeness towards coursework and attitudinal problems in performing coursework was developed. The present research was a descriptive study which used an indigenous research instruments to measure the coursework stress in the context of university students. The study was carried out on a sample of 100 university students which explored the impact of demographic variables including gender, age, and discipline, employment of the students and level of education on determining the level of coursework stress. Result of the study revealed that the phenomenon of coursework stress does exist among the university students. Female students and younger students experience higher coursework stress, as compared to male and older students. The findings also indicated that different demographic variables contribute significantly in determining the level of coursework stress among M. Phil and PhD. students.

In this work design and development of the conformal microstrip antenna array is demonstrated. Important system parameters and overall performance of the Array antenna is described and experimental results for reflection coefficients and far field patterns is included as well as simulated pattern and synthesis results .To improve the performance of microstrip antenna array, a modified configuration of microstrip series-fed taper array is designed. Compared to the traditional one, the novel antenna array has a better VSWR characteristic. The design procedure of the conformal antenna array is discussed and some valuable results are acquired. Numerical results are obtained and a very good agreement is observed between experimental and simulated results of such arrays.

Composites are finding increased use in structural applications, in particular for aerospace and automotive purposes. Fiber reinforced composite possess high strength and stiffness. Some of these materials perform equally well or better than many traditional metallic materials. In addition, fatigue strength-to-weight ratios as well as fatigue damage tolerance of many composite laminates are excellent. To analyze metallic structures, properties of metals are easily available, but for composite structures properties of composite material are not readily available. Composite material is nothing but a laminate made from number of different lamina, and the properties of laminate depends on properties of lamina. The material properties of composite are required for carrying out stress analysis and fatigue analysis which in turn predicts the life of component. Objective of present work is to study the behavior of composite materials. This investigation deals with lamina composed of polymer matrix and carbon fibers. The aim of this study is to determine following properties. • Elastic properties, thermal properties and strength properties of transversely isotropic lamina by all methods of Micromechanics. • Properties of orthotropic lamina using Method of Cells. • Verifying the results predicted by Method of Cells with the other micromechanics methods like Composite Cylinder Assemblages (CCA) method, Rule of Mixture, Halpin-Tsai, Chamis method and Zing-ming Huang method.

There is an optimum time for implementing field operation of various crops in each region. If the operation is accomplished sooner or later, it will cause a reduction in yield quantity and quality. The cost of this reduction is named “timeliness cost”. Annual timeliness cost is estimated by an equation reported in ASAE standards. MF285 tractors have low reliability in Iran. Generally, low tractor reliability has an uncertainty in implementation of farm operation which it is not considered in ASAE equation for calculating of timelines cost. This uncertainty causes a cost being a part of timeliness cost and is produced due to tractor failure within farm operation. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability function of MF285 tractors operated in Debal Khazaei Agro-Industry Co. in Khuzestan province of Iran. Thus, in this study a function-fit model for reliability of farm tractors was determined. Afterwards, tractors working times to a failure (hours) in tenth year of tractor life were fitted with normal, exponential, lognormal, poisson and weibull age distribution functions using moment estimation. Depending on Chi square test, the best reliability function for this given situation was exponential distribution function with ? = 0.025.