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Interaction of various process parameters like initial chromium concentration (VI) (5-30 mg/l), pH (1-10), and adsorbent dosage (6-10 g/l) for chromium adsorption using custard apple powder were evaluated using central composite design (CCD) in response surface methodology. The CCD design in response surface methodology has been applied for designing the experiments as well as for full response surface estimation and 19 experimental data as per the model were used. The optimum conditions for better percentage removal of chromium from waste water with the concentration of 20 mg/l were as adsorbent dosage (9.9966 g/l), pH (2.7877) and initial chromium concentration (15.18693 mg/l). The high correlation coefficient (R2 =0.98929) between the model and the experimental data showed that the model was able to predict the better percentage removal of chromium (VI) from waste water using custard apple peel powder efficiently

Porous Silicon (PS) layers were prepared by electrochemical etching in a single-tank cell on the surface of single-crystalline p-type (100) silicon wafers, using hydrofluoric acid (HF) and ethanol (C2H5OH) in the volume ratio of 1:2. The surface and cross-section morphologies of the PS were observed from images obtained using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Likewise, the porosity of the PS sample was determined using the parameters obtained from SEM images by geometrical method. SEM images indicated that, the pores were surrounded by a thick columnar network of silicon walls. This porous silicon layer can be considered as a sponge like structure. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern showed the growth of PS layer on silicon wafer and the grain size of the PS layer was found to be around 60.2 nm. The effective refractive index of porous silicon was calculated using Effective Medium Approximation (EMA) analysis. The optical properties of PS were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Photoluminescence (PL). The surface chemical bonds of the PS were observed by FTIR and the band gap of the PS sample was obtained from PL spectra. The efficiency of ethanol gas sensing properties of PS was investigated at room temperature. The sensor was found to operate with maximum efficiency at a concentration of 100 ppm hence, this PS material can be used as an effective sensor element to detect ethanol vapour.

Total electron content (TEC) is a key ionospheric parameter that describes the major impact of the ionosphere on the propagate on of radio waves which is crucial for terrestrial and space communication. The present investigation is dedicated to study the latitudinal variability of ionosphere. The study is carried out by taking three stations one each in low, mid and high latitude regions namely IISC, Bangalore, India (13.020 N, 77.570E), GUAO, Urumqi, China (43.820N, 87.600E) and NYAL, NY-Alesund, Norway (78.920N, 11.860E) respectively. To study the changes in the ionosphere at three selected station we have considered the GPS observations. The GPS derived TEC values have been collected from the SOPAC (Scripps Orbits and Permanent Array Center) data archive of the IGS (International GPS service). The study is carried out during the high solar activity period of 24th solar cycle i.e. during January 2012 to December 2012. We also studied the behaviour of ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) during the geomagnetic storms. We have selected 5 intense geomagnetic storms (Dst ? -100nT) that were observed during the year 2012. From our analysis we observed that TEC achieves its highest values during the months of October and March at low latitude, during the month of April and May at mid latitude and during the September and March at high latitude while the lowest values of TEC were recorded at all the station in December month. Similarly, the highest values of TEC are recorded during the equinox season while the lowest values are recorded in winter season.

A copper (II) complex, [cu(phen)(L-Ala)U](ClO4) (phen=1,10- phenanthroline, L-Ala =L-alanine,U =urea ), has been synthesized and characterized by Infra-red, EPR spectral and elemental analysis methods. The interaction with calf-thymus DNA has been studied by means of electronic absorption spectroscopy, emission spectroscopy, viscosity and cyclic voltammetry has been conducted to assess their interaction between their complex and DNA. A sample of copper II complex was tested for its Antimicrobial Activities and it was found to have good antimicrobial activities.

This study investigated the main effects of leadership styles on organizational performance at state-owned corporations in Kenya. It specifically sought to determine the impact of laissez-faire, transactional and transformational leadership styles on organizational performance at state-owned corporations in Kenya. A descriptive survey research based on the perceptions of middle and senior managers in thirty (30) state-owned corporations based in Mombasa, Kenya was undertaken. A structured self-completed research questionnaire was thereafter distributed and collected after one week. The completed questionnaires were checked for plausibility, integrity and completeness resulting in 72 usable cases. Three independent variables with various factors were identified and measured using a five-point scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). These were laissez-faire; transactional; and transformational leadership styles. The dependent factor was represented by the degree to which the organization has achieved its business objectives in the previous financial year. To discover the leadership styles that influence organizational performance, correlation analysis was employed. Correlations between the transformational-leadership factors and organizational performance ratings were high (0.518 to 0.696, P < .05), whereas correlations between the transactional-leadership behaviors and organizational performance were relatively low (0.219 to 0.375, P < .05). As expected, laissez-faire leadership style is not significantly correlated to organizational performance. Based on the findings, the following recommendations are given: managers should discard laissez-faire leadership style by becoming more involved in guiding their subordinates; public managers should formulate and implement effective reward & recognition systems. It was further recommended that managers should: strive to become role models to their subordinates; inspire subordinates by providing meaning and challenge to work; stimulate subordinate efforts to become more innovative & creative; and lastly, pay greater attention to each individual’s need for achievement and growth.

Code switching is defined as the practice of selecting or altering linguistic elements so as to contextualize talk in interaction (Nilep,2006). The main purpose of this study is to investigate and closely examine the role and the effects of code-switching on material learning in a classroom context and also students' attitudes towards this linguistic phenomenon. For this purpose, the students’ notes, which were taken from the teachers’ speech, were studied and then their written notes were analyzed qualitatively with a focus on code switching. Then, the questionnaire was distributed among participants to investigate their attitudes. According to the quantitative and qualitative data analysis obtained from the questionnaire –distributed among 60 participants – and the interview, code switching during delivering materials was completely helpful to the students' learning and also it helped them to remember better for their exams.

This study aims at analyzing the relations between EFL learners’ locus of control, self-directed learning readiness and the choice of vocabulary learning strategies. The participants were 137 undergraduate students from Islamic Azad university- Rasht branch. Oxford Placement Test (2004) was administered to them in order to specify the homogeneity of the participants in terms of language proficiency. In order to measure the variables of the study self-report questionnaires of locus of control, self-directed learning readiness and vocabulary learning strategies were used. To achieve the purpose of the study spearman rank-ordered correlations, independent sample t-tests, two Man-Whitney tests, two-way factorial MANOVA, simple linear regressions and one-way ANOVA analyses were conducted. The results revealed that self-directed learning readiness positively correlated with both discovery and consolidation vocabulary learning strategies and that self-directed learning readiness’s levels predict the use of two types of vocabulary learning strategies.

In this paper the three dimensional wave propagation in a homogenous Isotropic generalized thermo elastic cylindrical panel is investigated in the context of the linear theory of thermo elasticity. The analysis is carried out by introducing three displacement potentials so that the equations of motion are uncoupled and simplified. A modified Bessel function solution with complex arguments is then directly used for the case of complex eigenvalues , To clarify the correctness and effectiveness of the developed method the dispersion curves of different panel parameters are computed and presented for Zinc material with the support of MATLAB.

Research and Realization of a Web Information Extraction based on Xpath expansion. This algorithm marks importance weight of semantic blocks and obtains a model of block importance. This information extraction method based on Xpath expansion forms extraction rule corresponding to web site. Lastly, this algorithm extracts the text information blocks of theme-based web pages. It uses a case to confirm that this algorithm can accurately complete the extraction task of text information blocks in the theme-based web pages.

One psychological factor which has recently gained importance in translation studies is the concept of willingness to translate (WTT). As a new notion, this willingness has not been probed regarding its relationship with translators' personality. Therefore, the present study, at first, focused on the analysis of the relationship between MA students’ three levels of WTT and their personality types, and then in the second step it tried to test this relationship between students’ WTT levels and their eight personality dichotomies. The quantitative data of this study were gathered through the administration of two questionnaires: willingness to translate (WTT) and the Persian version of the Myers Briggs type indicator (MBTI). The first hypothesized relationship was examined via One-Way ANOVA Test. The result demonstrated no relationship between these two variables. On the other hand, for testing this relationship between students’ WTT levels and eight personality dichotomies, a correlation test was applied. The results indicated a weak and positive correlation between Thinking and WTT and a weak and negative correlation between Feeling and WTT. Based on the results, it can be concluded that students’ personality types and dichotomies can have no effect on their three levels of WTT.