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In the present study, the defatted successive ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from Trapa natans fruit peel were evaluated for their protective effects on paracetamol-induced liver damage in Wistar albino rats. Serum biochemical parameters viz. serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphatase (SALP), total protein, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides were evaluated. All biochemical findings indicated that both the test extracts exerted significant hepatoprotective efficacy against paracetamol-induced hepatic damage in rats. The methanol extract was found to be more effective than the ethyl acetate extract. Therefore, from the present study it can be concluded that T. natans fruit peel had remarkable hepatoprotective activity in rats.

What should we do when the customer service is poor or when we buy a faulty product but the store does not let us return it? We should resolve such problems through complaining effectively. Having a good command of grammatical rules and vocabulary of the language is necessary but it is not enough; the ability to produce language that is socially and culturally appropriate is a real asset in settling such problems. This study attempted to compare the pragmatic competence of Iranian EFL learners with that of native speakers of English language when they find it necessary to perform the speech act of complaint. Ten Iranian EFL students of Azad University in Lahijan served as the subjects of this study. The data were collected through comparing the complaint letters written by American native speakers with those by Iranian EFL learners. The responses were analyzed in terms of the main components of complaints. The findings indicated that American native speakers and Iranian EFL learners showed different pragmatic behaviors.

Analytical solution of advection-dispersion equation (ADE) is obtained for one-dimensional semi-infinite porous medium with periodic input boundary and periodic flow velocity. The dispersion coefficient is directly proportional to flow velocity. Laplace Transformation Technique is employing to get the analytical solution with exponentially increasing function of space variable initial condition and periodic input boundary condition. Analytical solution is illustrated graphically.

This study examined the household willingness to pay for improve improved solid waste disposal in Ibadan metropolis of Oyo state, Nigeria. . Data were collected randomly from one hundred and fifty-two (152) respondents with the use of structured questionnaire. Data analysis revealed that 53.3% of the respondents were male while 77% were married. Average household size was 5.87 members while average age was 41.8 years. More than half of the respondents are willing to pay for improved solid waste disposal. Logit analysis revealed that age, marital status, education, total household expenditure, price and bids has effect on willingness to pay for improved solid waste disposal at different level of significance. Tobit analysis showed that household expenditure, price of waste disposal and education have negative coefficient, number of sacks generated, marital status and house ownership has positive effect on the mean amount respondents were willing to pay for improved solid waste disposal.

Ethics are important because finances make people do some strange things. The spreadsheet does not have a conscience, and the goal of working with spreadsheets is to make numbers add up in a way that is pleasing to the organizations and its constituents. Ethical behavior is an important aspect for the success of a company, as it influences its relations with various stakeholders. Financial managers are responsible for the difficulty in interpreting sensitive and Exchanges presenting them in the form of financial reports that can be used to evaluate corporate performance is Month interest groups are responsible. So unethical professional practice includes providing financial information poor quality can destroy public confidence in financial management. With increasing global attention to the topic of ethics and quality of information in the accounting profession, in this paper an attempt has been made to the research vacuum in the corner of the financial manager explained the moral perspective on the quality of financial reporting to be filled. Field research companies in Tehran Stock Exchange are accepted. In this study, the ethical perspective of financial management as the independent variable is the moral status was assessed with a questionnaire. Quality and usefulness of financial reporting used to be correct financial reporting as dependent variables were examined. The aims of the present study include applied research, in terms of how to collect the required data from the standpoint of descriptive and correlation research is considered. For data analysis software (SPSS) was used. Based on the results obtained from the ethical perspective of financial management and financial reporting, there is a significant relationship; It is recommended that companies choose their money managers not only scientific and practical aspects of management should be considered But the ethical aspect of the study is important for managers should pay special attention to ethics and corporate managers have a choice.

Quality of work focuses on the quality of relationship between employees and the total working environment. The fundamental rationale is to develop work environment that are splendid for people as well for the economic health of the organization. Quality at work trims down attrition intentions of the prospective employees and then helps out in reducing absenteeism and improving job satisfaction. Hence organizations today do customary in providing quality at work in order to keep hold of the talented workforce thereby enhancing their competitiveness. However in the current scenario the Indian IT sector is experiencing considerably high-level of staff attrition contrast to other sectors. Therefore this research was conducted among the software professionals to know their perception towards the quality of work life provided to them in their society.

A systematic study has been developed to check the quality of air in Lapai metropolis, Niger State, Nigeria. Aerosol samples were collected from four strategic locations during the period of June 2011, using the Gent Stacked sampler in order to characterize the elemental abundances in fine dust particles. In the application of Neutron Activation Analysis technique, the concentration of some heavy trace elements in the atmospheric aerosol were determined in which Vanadium and Manganese have been observed to be relatively lower compare to other elements. The computer software WINSPAN-2004 was used for peak identification, spectra evaluation and determination of the elemental concentrations of Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminum, Titanium and Sodium which revealed possible anthropogenic inputs into the air by means of automobile exhaust emissions, bush burning, welding activities and wind directional movement.

In this paper an algorithm for alternate path is implemented. The evaluation matrices for the shortest available path are velocity of the leading vehicles, distance from source to destination and time delay to reach to destination. Simulation shows, if there is congestion on the current path then the node will find for an alternate shortest path in digital map to the destination. This will avoid the congestion on a single road at intersection points. But the system has to make search every time the vehicle found congestion on the way for destination. The graph given below shows, the traffic moving according to the pause time on the roads due to any reason like traffic light, accident or any other obstacle. X axis is labeled as time delay and Y axis contained no. of nodes/packets moving towards an intersection point to destination. Whenever the no of nodes becomes more, the pause time will be increased. Upper and lower points in the graph show congestion. At these points, where the graph goes upwards, the congestion is increased at a single intersection point. But where the graph goes downwards, the congestion is reduced to a lower value; because some nodes used alternate route/path to reach to the destination.

A combined experimental and theoretical studies were conducted on the molecular structure and vibrational, spectra of 3-methyl-2-nitro anisole (MNA). The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of (MNA) were recorded in the solid phase. The molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies of MNA in the ground state have been calculated by using the ab-initio HF (Hartree-Fock) and density functional methods (B3LYP) invoking 6-31+G (d,p) basis set. The optimized geometric bond lengths and bond angles obtained by HF method shows best agreement with the experimental values. Comparison of the observed fundamental vibrational frequencies of MNA with calculated results by HF and density functional methods indicates that B3LYP is superior to the scaled HF approach for molecular vibrational problems. The difference between the observed and scaled wave number values of most of the fundamental is very small. The thermodynamic functions and atomic change of the title compound was also performed at HF/B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theories. A detailed interpretation of the NBO, NMR spectra of MNA was also reported. The thermodynamic function of the title compound was also performed at HF/6-31+G (d,p) and B3LYP/6-31+G (d,p) level of theories. Natural bond orbital analysis has been carried out to explain the change transfer or delocalization of change due to the intra-molecular interactions. Energy of the highest occupied molecular (HOMO) orbital and lowest unoccupied (LUMO) molecular orbital have been predicted.

Rice husk, agricultural waste material of environmental  impact,  was carbonized at temperatures of 300 - 600⁰C in an oven for 2h, after which its adsorption capacities was investigated for the adsorption of acenaphthene in synthetic aqueous solution, at increasing concentrations (50–150mg/L). The yields of carbon obtained from the raw rice husk ranged from 20 - 40 % (w/w), while the adsorption capacities of rice husk increased with increasing carbonization temperature and increasing initial concentration of acenaphthene. The removal efficiencies of the rice husk increased from 71.37 - 80.56% as the carbonization temperature increased from 300 - 600⁰C, but decreased with increasing initial concentration of acenaphthene. The adsorption equilibrium data obtained, fitted well to the Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubnin-Radushkevich isotherms with minimum correlation values of 0.9981, 0.9262, 0.9667 and 0.9215, respectively, although, generally decreases with increasing carbonization temperature. The error analysis showed the order of suitability of the isotherm models selected to be Temkin > Freundlich > Dubnin-Radushkevich > Langmuir. This study shows that carbons rice husk possesses high potency of being used as activated carbon for the removal of acenaphthene from wastewater.