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Flyash particles are formed during the combustion of coal at very high temperature (above 1500⁰C); it contains some ions as Iron, Aluminium, Silica in their oxide form. It also contains Glass particle along with Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Se, Pb, Zn, Fl, Hg, particles. Heavy metals from industries are known to have adverse effect on the environment. Similarly, fly ash coming from power plants also has adverse effect on every organism. It was observed that Spirogyra was not found in fly ash discharged water pond while it was present in all the nearby water bodies. ,disasterous effects of heavy metals present in flyash may be the reason. Thus, our present study is mainly focused to elucidate the effect of fly ash on green filamentous algae Spirogyra. It was already found that Microtubules are very sensitive especially to the presence of Cd ions (P. P?ibyl, V. Cepák and V. Zachleder,2008), depending on the Cd concentration present in fly ash and to the time of exposure the disintegration was seen. Microtubules got disintegrated into short fragments or some even completely disappeared.

The paper sought to establish the effect of involvement culture on performance of selected 5-star Chain affiliated hotels in Kenya. The study employed descriptive research design. The study was undertaken in Nairobi Central Business District (CBD). The target population of this study comprised of employees and managers of four 5-star chain hotels. The researcher employed purposive sampling, stratified sampling and simple random sampling techniques. Questionnaires and interview schedule was used in data collection. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics; frequencies and percentages while correlation analysis was used to assess the effect of involvement culture on performance. Involvement culture was found to have a positive but weak relationship with performance. The study indicated that, the organization should ensure that the employees have shared belief, values and expectation to ensure realization of performance. The researcher therefore recommends that, for organizations to achieve the desired performance all the employees in the organization should be involved to drive the performance agenda.

Background: Iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast elements causing the cancer cells used in MRI and heat therapy are extensive. However, the effects of nanoparticles on human health has not been fully investigated. Objectives: In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles effects on thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and TSH in adult male Wistar rats were studied. Materials and methods: Three experimental groups of mice daily for 15 days, with concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles ?g/kg20, ?g/kg50 and ?g/kg150 was dissolved in one ml of distilled water, by gavage tube. Results: Serum T3 levels in experimental and control groups showed no significant change Serum T4 levels in the experimental group receiving the highest dose showed a significant increase compared to control group. Also Yrmy TSH hormone concentration in the groups receiving the medium and maximum doses significantly lower than the control group shows. Conclusion: Experimental results show that iron oxide nanoparticles at high concentrations inhibits the Ndkryny pituitary axis - the hypothalamus And thyroid gland can cause malfunctions Appear to be iron oxide nanoparticles at high concentrations is toxic effect on thyroid function.

In practical problems involving flow past a porous lining, it is necessary to involve directly the thickness of the porous lining to have an increase in the mass flow rate. The peristaltic pumping of a Newtonian fluid in an inclined channel lined with porous material is investigated under long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions. The velocity distribution, the volume flow rate, the pressure rise and the frictional force are obtained. The effect of thickness of porous lining on the peristaltic pumping is discussed.

In an effort to achieve increased cocoa production in Nigeria, a number of initiatives were introduced towards increasing yields with the aim of reviving the old glory of cocoa and make it an engine of Nigerian economy. Despite this, farmers still produce below expected cocoa production figure due to conditions associated with their farmland. Tenure insecurity hindered acceptability of the established initiatives since majority of the farmers in the cocoa industries are holding the farmland in possession through different arrangements which provide the legal and normative framework within which all agricultural as well as other economic activities are conducted. On this note, this study aims to investigate the effects of tenure arrangement on adoption of CRTs. Result shows that respondents were mostly males, Christians, members of CFAN with mean age of 59.0+10.18 with average household size of 8 people, cultivating an average farm size of 17.38 acres, obtained mostly through different tenural patterns and scattered in different locations. Findings further reveals that age, membership to CFAN and tenure arrangement had significant relationship with adoption of cocoa rehabilitation techniques. And also, there was significant difference in the perception, as well as adoption of selective tree replanting, planting under old cocoa trees, chupon regeneration, coppicing, gapping up between tenant farmers and farm owners at p=0.05. Cocoa industry is mostly populated with tenant farmers who had unfavourable perception about cocoa rehabilitation resulting in low adoption rate due to challenge of insecurity of tenure. Thus, there is need for development of technological packages that meet the need of different categories of farmers based on their respective tenure. Also there is the need for securing land-use rights through improved tenancy arrangements to better meet the interests of small, tenant and landless farmers.

Weight loss, thermometric and potentiometric methods have been used to study the corrosion inhibition of aluminum in HCl solution by four newly synthesised Mannich bases viz 3-oxo, 3-phenyl, N,N-dimethyl propanamine hydrochloride (MB₁), 3,5-dioxo,5-phenyl N,N-dimethyl pentanamine hydrochloride(MB₂), 2,2-dimethyl,3-oxo N,N dimethyl butanamine hydrochloride (MB₃) and 3-oxo N,N-dimethyl butanamine hydrochloride((MB₄).Results of inhibition efficacies obtained from said methods are in good agreement with each other. Efficacy of inhibitor increases with increasing concentration of inhibitor as well as that of HCl solution.

The high-energy trauma has become frequent cause of traffic accidents. We oftensee multiple lesions, fractures, dislocations, soft tissue damage in the same patient on the same members or different members .We report the case of a rare combination of lesion streated in our department.

The present study showed that the broiler chicken in Aurangabad region of Maharashtra harboured 10 species of Eimeria these are, Eimeria tenella, Eimeria necatrix, Eimeria brunetti, Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, Eimeria praecox, Eimeria mitis, Eimeria nikamae, Eimeria tarabaieandEimeria shivpuri.During the present study ten species of Eimeria are found in Broiler chicken. Seven species are already described and three are new species. The commonest was Eimeria tenella, it was found in 320 of 734 positive samples, showing a prevalence of 43.59% of the positive samples or 12.67% of the total samples examined. Followed by Eimeria necatrix, Eimeria brunetti, Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria praecox, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria mitis .Seven species of genus Eimeria (E.) including E. tenella, E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. mitis, E. praecox and E. brunetti are generally accepted to be the causative agent of avian coccidiosis. E. tenella and E. maxima are considered to be the most important to the poultry industry from consideration of their ubiquity in broiler chicks, innate pathogenicity and immunological features. In India E. tenella is the most prevalent and pathogenic species.Coccidiosis in chickens is generally classified as either intestinal or caecal. Most serious cases of intestinal coccidiosis in India are caused by E. necatrix. Caecalcoccidiosis is due to E. tenella. Coccidiosis occurs most frequently in young birds. Old birds are generally immune as a result of prior infection. Severe damage to the caeca and small intestine accompany the development of the coccidia. Broilers and layers are more commonly infected, but broiler breeders and turkey and pheasant poults are also affected.

There is a great number of attributes behind the verbal communication that make it proper, appropriate, sensible, necessary, formal, presentable and endurable. This paper presents the aspects that regulate the mind of a communicator and influence the efficiency level of the communication. It also studies the condition of the students with a clear relevance to the objectives of the language teaching programmes and the innate cognition characteristically developed in the art of verbal communication. In this way it will be assisting the language teacher to emulate an effective supplementation that would be appropriate for the same.

Estimation of Aquifer Hydraulic properties and protective capacity of overburden units in groundwater aquifers of Nkanu-West local government area, Enugu state has been carried out. The project area lies within latitude 060 25I 00IIN to 060 38I 00IIN and longitudes 0070 13I 00IIE to 0070 24I 00IIE with an area extent of about 489.4sqkm, over two main geological formations. A total of seventy-eight Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were acquired within the study area, employing the Schlumberger configuration. Resistivity and thickness of aquiferous layers were obtained from the interpreted VES data, using the INTERPEX resistivity software. The resistivity and depth to aquiferous layer varied from 50 to 1250?m and 40 to 180m respectively across the study area. Knowing resistivity and thickness, it was possible to compute transverse resistance and the longitudinal conductance. Using the relationship between transverse resistance and transmissivity, it was possible to estimate the aquifer hydraulics (transmissivity and the hydraulic conductivity) and the protective capacity of overburden units from VES data. Transmissivity ranges from 15m2/day to 140m2/day while hydraulic conductivity ranges from 0.5m/day to 8.0m/day. Based on transmissivity classifications, the study area is rated low to moderate groundwater potentials. The longitudinal conductance (ranging from 0.01?-1 to 20?-1) of the area enabled the protective capacity of the aquifer to be classified as moderate to good. Contour variation maps of apparent resistivity, overburden depth, transverse resistance, longitudinal conductance, aquifer transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity were constructed. The various constructed contour maps, the estimated aquifer hydraulics and overburden protective capacity, will serve as a useful guide for groundwater exploration and development in the study area.