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This research presents the description of the procedure for the manufacturing the Organo-lead halide Peroveskite Solar Cells (OPSC) . We descried the synthesis organo-lead halide peroveskite materials , MAPbIBr2 and MAPbBrCl2 , which employed as absorption layer in OPSCs . Optical properties for the peroveskite materials which used to prepare OPSCs is tested by the measurements the absorbance spectrum in order to calculate the energy gap . X-ray diffraction , AFM microscope and SEM microscope are used in our work to study the structure of the samples . Finally , the tests OPSCs by Light I-V Measurement System are implemented in order to obtained the parameters of the manufacturing devices . The Power Conversion Efficiencies (PCE) of OPSCs are (0.12%) and (0.07%) to the devices have MAPbIBr2 and MAPbBrCl2 as sensitized absorption layer, respectively. Measurements are tested at AM1.5 global sunlight (100 mW cm?2) .

With the advancement of technology in the banking industry in recent years has led to the fulfillment of customer satisfaction with better online facilities and tracking system. Customers are able to enjoy rapid speed and service, better delivery channels and faster response rate dealing with queries and account transactions. In Malaysia, customers expect higher quality services from banks which, if fulfilled could result in significant improvement in customer satisfaction levels. This study mainly focuses on investigating to identify the major factors that influence online customers’ satisfaction with the services provided by their respective banks. This study will also assess the online transactions (internet banking) and would therefore help the banks management to improve and better service their customers and strengthen the bond between banks and their valued customers. A total of 227 customers were surveyed via online structured questionnaire for this study. This study identified core services, problem resolution, cost saved, convenience and risk and privacy concerns as the major factors affecting overall customer satisfaction in Malaysia.

farm households’ access and constraints to portable and irrigation water supply in Ebonyi State, Nigeria was studied. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select a total of 180 farm households. Primary data were collected with the use of structured questionnaire and interview schedule; the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The result of the study shows that the farmers lacked access to sanitation, potable and irrigation water. Farm household access to potable and irrigation water were 46% and 0% with average potable and irrigation water insecurity level at 77%. Most of the household water collection was supplied by the children and this affected class attendance and school enrolment. The result of X2 and regression shows that there is a strong relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers and their access to water. The respondents identified poor government attitude towards potable and irrigation water provision, lack of money to pay for the users cost, and seasonality of natural water sources as the constraints to access water. The respondents further identified Government and Non Governmental Organization full involvement in the provision of potable and irrigation water, education or public awareness campaign for proper water management and utilization as ways of mitigating water scarcity. It was recommended that government should articulate and integrate rural water provision into the mainstream policy framework among others.

Organization is a relatively young science in comparison with the other scientific disciplines. (Ivanko, 2013) Accounts of the growth of organizational theory usually start with Taylor and Weber, but, as Scott (1987) mentions, organizations were present in the old civilizations which goes back to Sumerians (5000, BC) and which experiences its maturation phase with Taylor, Fayol and Weber, continuing to come up to present with modern management methods and principles. The modern organization may be the most crucial innovation of the past 100 years and it is a theory which will never complete its evolution as the human being continues to exist. Understanding how organizations work has been the focus of scientists and scholars until the early part of the 20th century. Just as organizations have evolved, so to have the theories explaining them. These theories can be divided into 9 different “schools” of thought (Shafritz, Ott, Jang, 2005): Classical Organization Theory, Neoclassical Organization Theory, Human Resource Theory, or the Organizational Behavior Perspective, Modern Structural Organization Theory, Organizational Economics Theory, Power and Politics Organization Theory, Organizational Culture Theory, Reform Though Changes in Organizational Culture and Theories of Organizations and Environments. This introductory paper will concentrate on the organizational economics theory and is divided as follows: The introduction talks about the developments of the organization and organization theory from its early stages with detailed definitions. In section 2, theoretical roots in other words literature review on the subject will be presented. At further section, by looking at the perspectives of the 25 pioneering people, main principles of the organization theory are presented one by one. Section 4 discusses and concludes the paper.

Remotely-sensed data obtained from satellites or aircraft are usually geometrically distorted due to the acquisition system and the movements of the platform. Preprocessing of satellite images prior to image classification and change detection is essential. Image Processing is a technique which is used to enhance raw images received from cameras and sensors placed on satellites, space probes and aircrafts or pictures taken in normal day-to-day life for various applications. Digital image processing is the technique of processing images in the form of discrete digital brightness quantities by means of using digital circuits or digital computers.

The purpose of present paper to study and introduces the concepts of fuzzy arw- super closed mappings and obtains some of their basic properties and characterizations in fuzzy topology.

This paper develops a heuristic algorithm for the multi-index fixed charge transportation problem. The efficiency of this algorithm for solving the multi-index fixed charge transportation problem has been proved by comparing the results obtained by using this algorithm with the existing exact method of solving multi-index fixed charge transportation problem. Further the proposed algorithm is extended to multi-index fixed charge fuzzy transportation problem in which all the parameters are considered as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the proposed method.

Performance of a domestic split type air conditioner was evaluated by using two different refrigerants, i.e., R22 and R290. This paper presents the outcomes of this comparative study. The experimental investigation was conducted by using a 1 hp air conditioning unit. Power consumptions by the complete system including the evaporator as well the by the compressor alone were measured by clamp meter. Temperature was also measured at different locations by digital fluke thermometer whereas digital multimeter was used to measure the current supplied to the system. The air conditioner was run for six hours each time by setting three different set point temperatures, i.e., the cold air temperature coming out from the evaporator. From the measured information, coefficient of performance (COP), and energy efficiency ratio (ERR) were calculated for each refrigerant. The results revealed that R290 refrigerant has better COP and EER compared to R22 refrigerant. The usage of R290 refrigerant can reduce energy consumption up to 11 %. In addition to that, at the same air conditioning unit, the amount of R290 refrigerant required is relatively half of that required by R22 refrigerant.

It is significant that Karanta has made an effort to unravel the sensitivity of women's psychological pains in a way that the female can see her identity as a way of violence, oppression, helplessness. Her sacrifices, sacrifices, patience, tolerance and duty-keeping can be seen in the mind's eye, even in the shackles of female problems

Well-designed course assignments are a critical component of effective teaching and learning processes. It is our responsibility to create an assignment that is reflective of the course goal. Course assignments are created to measure the extent of our student’s knowledge. Therefore, based on our experience and knowledge, we have written below how at Mongolian University of Science and Technology the Profesional English course’s assignments should be created and carried out.