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The aim of the present study was to develop Ropinirole hydrochloride nanoparticle and to study its release profile. Ropinirole hydrochloride alleviates this deficiency by stimulating striatal dopamine receptors. Ropinirole hydrochloride has got complete but variable oral absorption with less bioavailability approximately 50%. Hence, nanoparticles of Ropinirole hydrochloride was developed to improve drug diffusion profile and hence the oral bioavailability. Ropinirole hydrochloride nanosuspension stabilised by poloxamer F-68 was first prepared by milling technique and was lyophilized to obtain nanoparticle using mannitol (1:1 w/v) as cryoprotectant. Developed nanoparticle was characterized for its particle size and size distribution, drug content and % drug entrapment. In vitro dissolution study using dissolution bag (12000 D) and ex vivo study in rat ileum were carried out using 0.1N hydrochloric acid as dissolution medium. Particle size, Zeta potential, % drug content and % drug entrapment of the nanoparticles of the Ropinirole hydrochloride were found to be 282nm±23, 54.9mV±9.36, 98.9±0.86% and 62±0.87% respectively. In vitro, ex vivo permeation study revealed that cumulative percentage drug permeated was found to be 73.7±1.9% and 65.26±1.1% in 24 hrs. From the results it could be considered that the developed ropinirole hydrochloride nanoparticles may be an alternative for the treatment of Parkinsonism.

The influence of a natural extract of fenugreek on the corrosion of steel in 10 ppm NaCl and 35 ppm Al2(SO4)3 has been studied by weight loss, polarization and EIS measurements. Results obtained show that the natural substance inhibits the corrosion process. It acts on the cathodic domain without modifying the reduction mechanism. The inhibition efficiency increases with fenugreek concentration to attain 75 % at extract of 0.6 g/L of fenugreek at temperatures between 303 and 333K. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behaviour of steel indicated that inhibition efficiency is temperature dependent. The activation energy of adsorption is determined.

Spontaneous ruptures of the quadriceps tendon are infrequent injuries, it is seen primarily in patients with predisposing diseases such as gout, rheumatoid arthritis and chronic renal failure. A 32-year-old man had a history of end stage renal disease and received regular hemodialysis treatment for more than 5 years. He was admitted in our service for total functional impotence of the right lower limb with knee pain after a common fall two months ago. The radiogram showed a ‘’patella baja” with suprapatellar calcifications. The ultrasound and MRI showed an aspect of rupture of the quadriceps tendon in its proximal end with retraction of 3 cm. Quadriceps tendon repair was performed with a lengthening plasty, and the result was satisfactory after a serial rehabilitation program. The diagnosis of quadriceps tendon ruptures needs more attention in patients with predisposing diseases. They should not be unknown because the treatment of neglected lesions is more difficult. We insist on the early surgical repair associated with early rehabilitation that can guarantee recovery of good active extension.

An increasing of chronic diseases associated with the imbalance and substantive nutrition intake on the types’ food consumed away from home witnesses the awakening concerned and awareness among the restaurant customers toward nutritional information. Customers positively perceived the important of providing nutritional information in the full service restaurant menu. Nonetheless, the restaurant operators’ willingness, constraints and obstacles in providing such information have not been widely explored. This study empirically investigates the Malaysian full service restaurant operators’ responsiveness towards providing nutritional information in the menu. Result demonstrates that the serious concerned of the customers is not in line with operators’ responsiveness particularly on certain issues. Restaurant operators are still having inadequate knowledge, understanding and awareness about nutritional information in restaurant menu compared to the processed food. Operators not seemed ready as their willingness of providing such information is subjected to the implementation of mandatory policy or legislation by the government while the unreasonable burdens costs ranging from operational to the overall reduction business financial performance are recognized as their major constraints in making nutritional information available in restaurant menu.

In the present investigation, we introduce an unified space-time fractional advection-dispersion equation involving Caputo time fractional derivative of order Riesz-Feller space fractional derivatives of order and asymmetry and of order and asymmetry . Then, we consider a Fourier series to obtain its solution involving Volterra integral equation. We also evaluate its numerical approximation formula and discuss some of its particular cases.

As a frequent phenomenon, paradoxes often occur in physics. In electromagnetic, paradox arises mainly due to the existence of bulk conductor in the loop. The paradoxes are analyzed by two experiments. The experimental results demonstrated that the law of flux should not be used to solve some problems, otherwise paradox may arise.

Mycotoxin contaminations are ubiquitous in livestock diets. This comes under many generic names of which Fumonisin B1 (FB1) was the object of evaluation on its influence on growth and laying performance of laying birds fed with graded level of FB1 with or without vitamin C supplementation. One hundred and five (105) point-of-lay Isa brown breed at 18 weeks and twenty-one (21) cocks at 25 weeks were purchased for the experiment. The birds (layers) were assigned to Seven (7) dietary treatments of 15 birds each at three (3) birds per replicate. The treatments were classified according to inclusion level of Fumonisin B1 and Vitamin C. Treatment A served as the control, B (10 mg/kg of FB1), C (20 mg/kg of FB1), D (30 mg/kg of FB1), E (10 mg/kg of FB1 + Vitamin C), F (20 mg/kg of FB1 + Vitamin C), and G (30mg/kg of FB1 + Vitamin C). Feed intake and weights of the birds were taken for performance evaluation. Eggs were daily collected and counted and analysed for Hen-house and Hen-day production. The relative weight of organs were taken to examine the influence of fumonisin on them. It was observed that there are no significant difference (P>0.05) in the final weight, total weight and daily weight gain of hens when compared with the control. Increased inclusion of FB1 resulted in significant (P<0.05) increase in total feed intake, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. There were no significant difference in the organ weight for treatment and levels of inclusion. The weight of the laying hens was reduced with increased feed intake. This showed that FB1 caused poor feed conversion rate which was evident in the result of this study. Meanwhile, the Vitamin C effectively ameliorated the toxic effect of the FB1. It is therefore important to include Vitamin C in the diet of laying hens so as to reduce the negative effects of FB1 on the performance and Carcass characteristics.

The Urban Cooperative Banking (UCB) system has come a long way since 1904 when the first UCB was started at Kancheepuram in Tamil Nadu. UCBs remain not-for-profit, owned and controlled by the members who use their services. With the tightening of prudential norms, the banking sector has been consistently conforming to and adopting international prudential norms and accounting practices. Such strengthening of prudential norms have resulted in increased levels of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) for the Urban Cooperative Banking Sector. This study is an attempt to analyze the asset quality of UCBs in India. This paper also traces the return on assets of UCBs in India along with pattern of financing to different sectors.

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma encounered in childhood and adolescence; that arises from embryonic mesenchyme. It is most common found in the head and neck region, and the parameningeal location has the least favorable prognosis because of its tendency to local and intracranial extension. Parameningeal Rhabdomyosarcoma represents a diagnostic and therapeutic problem. We present the case of a child who got treated for her local nasopharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma for over 1 month, and then got admitted for cranial nerve paralysis (peripheral facial palsy and Orbital apex syndrome) after the cranial extension of the tumor.

An important feature of India’s wetland development programme is that it combines the task of securing out a strategy for wetland development alternatives with the task of lending similar support to implement the projects.  Such a unified programme ensures reduction of gap between expected benefit and actual outcome – a gap that has been a matter of serious consent in many of the lofty endeavors all over the world. Toxic metal pollution of water and soil is a major environmental problem, and most conventional remediation approaches do not provide acceptable solutions. Wetland plants are being used successfully for the phytoremediation of trace elements in natural and constructed wetlands. This study demonstrates the phytoremediation potential of three different water hyacinths ( Eichornia crassipes, Ipomea spp, Stachytarpheta jamaicensis ) in three different lake system ( Ramanaickan Lake, Basthi Lake Dharga Lake) of Hosur district. Our results shows Eichornia crassipes is a potent metal (Ca,  Mg,  Cl) accumulator and tolerant species collected from Rama Naicken Lake, Hosur. Ipomeas spp  is a moderate accumulator (Fe, SO_4, PO₄) and sensitive species collected from Dharga lake whereas Stachytarpheta jamaicensis is non accumulator and tolerant species. Eichornia crassipes is a promising candidate for phytoremediation of wastewater polluted with different metals and can be used for natural wetland cultivation.