Electrical and Electronics

This paper presents a novel method of allocation of capacitor size for a distribution feeder with uncertain load. The interval mathematics is used to perform the power flow solution of radial distribution system. The simulation results have been obtained using the INTLAB Toolbox in MATLAB environment. The standard 15-bus, 10-bus and the 33-bus radial distribution systems which are used by the researchers have been analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The developed program gives the range of the capacitor ratings in kVAr which could be selected for compensation, corresponding to the min and max limits of the voltages at each bus. For a range of values of capacitor ratings, which when installed at a particular bus results in the range of reduction in cost of capacitor and energy loss reduction. This information is very useful for a distribution system planner.

Voltage instability problems have become important issues in unbalanced distribution networks. In this paper, a new bus positive sequence voltage index of Vcollapse/Vbase-load is introduced to identify the weakest three-phase buses in unbalanced three-phase distribution networks. First, the proposed ranking index is validated based on grid losses and PV curves without and with compensation devices. Then, the index is utilized to place three-phase DG without and with SVC devices at the three-phase weakest buses of the modified IEEE unbalanced 13 node test feeder using the DIgSILENT Power Factory software. Finally, simulation results are presented to show the application of the proposed approach in improving voltage stability and increasing the maximum loading factor under unbalanced loading and/or network conditions.

Electrostatic discharge tester has been designed to measure the electrostatic discharge produced in the woven fabric in terms of kilovolts. Various types of fabrics have been tested for their static properties by using Box-behnken design and their values were analysed based on their influencing parameters such as rubbing cycle, pressure and speed. It is observed that the value obtained by the electrostatic discharge tester varies from cotton, silk and polyester depending upon moisture regain values. It has been found that the maximum static discharge value generated for polyester while testing was 3 kilovolts, which was comparatively higher than cotton (2.1 kilovolts) and for silk(1.8 kilovolts) .The optimum values and their regression, correlation co-efficient were also analyzed.

In this paper, a three layer Small single feed multiband microstrip antenna loaded with slit and two perpendicular shorting posts, is presented. Wide band frequency of operation demonstrated by single geometry, for broadening the bandwidth gap-coupled multi-resonator loaded on the patch, the simulation of proposed design antenna has done by MOM IE3DTM Simulator. The geometry of a single probe fed rectangular microstrip antenna has textured by slit loading and two orthogonal shorting pin on the top layer patch. We have also textured the size of the antenna. This proposed antenna is used for GSM, satellite and wireless communication in, L Band. Achieved 63% reduction of geometrical area of the antenna for L –Band, achieved 57% -10dB impedance bandwidth of L Band.

This paper presents the design and implementation of sharpening of maximally flat cascaded integrator comb compensation filters. Cascaded integrator-comb (CIC) digital filters are computationally efficient implementations of low pass filters. No multiplication characteristic makes them popular in hardware devices. The modified sharpened cascaded integrator comb compensation filter is used to improve magnitude response and gain. For narrow and wide-band compensation second-order and fourth-order linear phase filters are considered. Power-of-two decimation factors of CIC filter is M and number of adders are depends upon decimation factor. Closed form equations for the computation of the filter coefficients are provided. The new technique delivers gain and stop band attenuation correction comparable to existing techniques.

The experiment carried out on voltage and current measurement on TTL logic gates, by the students of electrical and information engineering in the final year of their studies, in the department’s laboratory, which help to understand the voltage and current characteristics of TTL gates and how also how to measure the voltage and current values of TTL gates. This experiment basically shows how voltage and current of TTL gate can be measured. KL- 22001 Basic Electrical/Electronic Circuit lab and KL-26001 Combinational Logic Circuit experiment module are the major equipment used to perform the experiment .These were used because it is much more self-explanatory and easier to work with compared other models. It was discovered that Due to its higher resistance value the LS series, TTL gates have lower input current than the standard series TTL gates. Their output currents are about equal.

In this paper, we present an efficient technique for compression of enhancement layers in scalable video coding (SVC). First we propose an improved interlayer prediction scheme which exploits the inherent redundancy of the underlying Laplacian pyramid with non biorthogonal filters. Secondly we introduce an orthogonal transform in parallel with the current 4x4 transform to improve the coding efficiency of the enhancement layer further. The improved prediction and the transform are implemented in the SVC reference software JSVM 4.0 as additional prediction modes. Experimental results demonstrate coding gains up to 1 dB for I pictures, and up to 0.7 dB for both I and P pictures, over a current implementation.

Electro Magnetic Interference (EMl) emission is always of grave concern for power electronic circuit designers. Due to rapid switching of high current and high voltage, interference emission is a serious problem in switching power circuits. Many products fail to make it to the market because of their failure to comply with the government EMI regulations. Numerous companies have cited EMI problems as the culprit in the delay of their product introduction; a new chaotic pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme is proposed and implemented to reduce the conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) in power converters. Based on the analysis of constant frequency, Experiments have been made on a power converter. The experiment results show that the EMI spectrum is decided completely by the PWM spectrum, and the chaotic frequency-spreading has an obvious impact on EMI suppressing, compared with the other schemes. To chaoize a frequency-modulated signal which then modulates the carrier frequency. The proposed scheme not only suppresses the peaky EMI, but also avoids the occurrence of low-order noises and mechanical resonance.

A versatile low-voltage CMOS Fuzzifier circuit with a trapezoidal transconductance characteristic and independently programmable slope, height and horizontal position is designed in 0.35 m standard CMOS technology. The proposed circuit uses adaptive biasing linearization techniques to achieve wide tuning range. Simulation results using HSPICE and level 49 parameters (BSIM3v3) that verify the functionality of circuit with 1.5 V supply are presented.

Using fuzzy logic controller automatic braking system for automobiles is proposed. The response of the system will be simulated by using Fuzzy Logic Toolbox in MATLAB. The purpose of this controller is to brake a car when the car approaches for an obstacle at a specific range. For this, the Fuzzy Logic Controller is design using the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox in MATLAB. The system uses six rules and three membership function. The two parameters such as distance and speed will be observed. Output of the controller will determine the force of the car brake. Then PIC microcontroller is used to control servo motor based on detection pulse information to push pedal brake to brake the car and reduce the speed to maintain the safety distance between the front vehicles.