Electrical and Electronics

A circuit which accepts two sinusoidal waveforms with phase difference Ø and provides two dc output voltages in which one dc output voltage is proportional to the quadrature component SinØ and the another is proportional to the in phase component CosØ, by position sampling of the reference quadrature waveforms, is described in this letter.

Increasing need for energy and limited fossil resources, increasing environmental pollution resulting from the burning of these resources, the effects of global warming and the greenhouse effects, acid rain and the need to balance the propagation of CO2, all call for the necessity of saving fossil resources and increased attention to the use of renewable energy sources. Wind energy is one of the main types of renewable energies that have always attracted the human mind so that man is always thinking of using this energy in the industry. The human had been used wind to move boats and sailing ships and windmills. In the current situation with regard to the above mentioned terms and economic justification of wind energy compared to other energy sources, wind energy seems to be vital and essential. This article firstly provides an introduction to the field installation locations of wind turbines in the power system and then various methods for predicting wind speed and power of wind farms are expressed. After that Modeling of wind powerhouses are explained. Finally, wind powerhouse modeling methods are fully described and the equations of each model are given.

The studies improved that the temperature has an impact on the PV as well as the solar radiation. In this article, we try to find the relation between the tilt angle and the temperature resulted. The practical experiments were conducted in the lab using a solar cell simulator to find this relation and to evaluate the impact of this relation on the panel's outcomes. The results indicated that the PV module temperature increases as a result from the increase of the solar intensity with increasing the tilt angle. The increase in the PV module temperature caused an increase in the voltage, a decrease in the current, and finally, increased the power

This paper proposes cost effective method of monitoring of government schools which are functioning in rural area where no internet and other advanced technologies are available. The main objective of this paper is to monitor students / employee attendance and management of schools using biometric and mobile technology. Many rural schools may not have facilities such as computers, Laptops, or internet connection at the school. But most of the employees / teachers are well versed with usage of Mobile phone now a days and it is easy to carry and maintain. Many activities are happening at the school level such as construction of school building, construction of classrooms, providing drinking water facility, providing toilet facility and other incentives schemes such as mid-day meal, textbook distribution, uniform distribution etc. In this context, to manage rural school and to get accurate and correct data instantly from rural schools to the state level, mobile technology is proposed. The system allows the user’s to monitor students/employees by capturing attendance details and civil works progress details along with its GPS location with the help of mobile phone which is equipped with an internal GPS receiver and a GPRS transmitter. A mobile phone application has been developed and deployed on an Android phone whose responsibility is to capture attendance with the help of fingerprint scanner and civil work’s GPS location. Data captured through software will be sent to remote server by creating GPRS packet. Biometric technology involves the identification and verification of individuals by analyzing the human fingerprint. Commercially available android supported biometric device is used to capture students/employee attendance details. Smartphone with 5MP and above camera is used to capture image of civil works. Once the data is uploaded to the remote server, the data will be made available in the form of reports or dashboard through web portal. Instant data sharing across different levels in the organization is possible which leads to effective and efficient administration. This system ensures transparency, accuracy and accountability at all levels.

Denoising of pictures got corrupted by addition of noise signals (generated by no single reason) has invariably a theme of interest for researchers. This paper proposes Associate in Nursingd classifies the potency of an rule supported quantity shrinkage additional optimized by Particle Swarm optimization (PSO).The calculator for undecimated filter bank that incorporate the reconciling sub bands thresholding additional delineated with singal threshold supported denosing performs. The manuscript evaluate recital of medical image denoising by estimate of PSNR, MSE, WPSNR and SSIM. The replication results based on trying the reproduction at MATLAB 2010A platform shows momentous augmentation in alleviation of Gaussian noise, speckle noise, poisson noise and salt & pepper noises from investigational records.

The angular spectrum approach (ASA) is applied for the simulation of focused ultrasound produced by NXN rectangular transducer phased arrays by inserting through human mouth towards lung surface. The ASA rapidly computes the output pressure in a certain volume. The pressure deposition due to the array used is converted to therapeutic temperature for tumor treatment. Simulation and results show that the NXN rectangular phased array producing pressure determined by ASA can be applied successfully for lung tumor treatments.

The need for mobile communications computing and net-working has turn out to be important more than ever. With the increasing demand for low cost and high integration of wireless transceiver building blocks, the low power is a great concern for Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC) designers. Exhaustive exertion has been made to advance RF integrated circuits and systems in the GHz range using CMOS process in low cost. Frequency Synthe-sizer that includes Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) is a signifi-cant block of the transceiver this generates carrier for the down-conversion/up-conversion operations. Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) and High Frequency Divider (HFD) decides the channel selection of frequency synthesiz-er and power consumption. This work presents the design of 2.4/5.4 GHz CMOS Frequency Synthesizer for 2.3/3.5 MHz resolution with 32/33 divider circuit. The Frequency Syn-thesizer circuits are designed in 180nm CMOS process technology using Virtuoso of Cadence tools.

The main aim of the paper is to design and simulate an inset fed rectangular microstrip patch antenna and study the effect of antenna dimension Length (L), Width (W), substrate parameter relative dielectric constant ( ) substrate thickness (h) and radiation parameters. The result is performed by thickness of 1.57mm of substrate and Rogers RT/duroid 5880 (tm) with dielectric constant of 2.2, S- band frequency 2.4GHz have observed the better result. In the recent years the development in communication systems requires the development of low cost, minimal weight, low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequency. This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of a Microstrip patch antenna. The proposed antenna design on different resonant frequencies and analyze the result of all operating frequency between 1GHz to 10GHz, when the proposed antenna designs 2.4GHz operating frequency. At 2.4GHz the verified and tested result has done in Ansoft HFSS version 11.It has observed the Return loss = -30.8 dB, VSWR =1.05 and directivity = 6.732 dB in this paper. An omnidirectional radiation pattern and stable gain are observed.

In this work the speech disorder namely Apraxia of Speech is discussed. The basics of the disorder are described here. The speech parameters are identified which characterize the disorder and correction system is designed to improve the speech quality. The speech signal samples of people of age between five to eighty years are considered for the present study. These speech signals are digitized and enhanced and analyzed for the Speech Pause Index, Jitter, Shimmer, HNR, Pitch variations Tx graphs, Normalized Percentile fo characteristics and % Close Quotient EGG graphs using MATLAB, PRAAT, SFS and EXCEL platforms.

Several compression for 3-D medical images have been proposed in the past year, some of which proved resolution and quality scalability up to lossless reconstruction. A novel 3-D scalable compression method for medical images with optimized volume of interest (VOI) coding were presented in this paper. The method is presented within the framework of interactive telemedicine applications, where different remote clients may access the compressed 3-D medical imaging data stored on a central server and request the transmission of different VOIs from an initial lossy to a final lossless representation. The VOI are decoded at the highest quality possible at any bit-rate, while allowing for the decoding of background information. The objective and subjective quality evaluation on various medical volumetric datasets shows that the proposed algorithms provide competitive lossy to lossless compression. The modified version of the embedded block coder with optimized truncation (modified EBCOT), tailored according to the characteristics of the data, encodes the residual data generated after prediction to provide resolution and quality scalability. The Digital watermarking is the process of embedding information into a digital signal which may be used to verify its authenticity or the identity of its owners, in the same manner as paper bearing a watermark for visible identification. Performance evaluations based on real 3-D medical imaging data showed that the proposed method achieves a higher reconstruction quality, in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio, than that achieved by 3D-JPEG2000 with VOI coding, when using the MAXSHIFT and general scaling-based methods.