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Software reliability quantification plays a very significant role for software consistency and excellence. However, the conventional software quantification method mostly focuses on evaluation by use of failure data which is gained only after testing or usage in the late phase of the software life cycle. Therefore, to obtain and quantify the software reliability with the help of architecture style may be introduced. Ontology allows developers and users to better understand software architecture and reliability terminologies, assess software reliability, and communicate effectively with the software reliability engineers. Therefore, an Ontological Reliability Quantification Method (ORQM) is instigated in this paper, which focuses on various project categories correlative with architecture style and concerned project parameters. Finally, some case studies are presented to demonstrate the viability of this method.

Technologies have advanced rapidly in the field of digital signal processing due to advances made in high speed, low cost digital integrated chips. These technologies have further stimulated ever increasing use of signal representation in digital form for purposes of transmission, measurement, control and storage. Design of digital filters especially adaptive or semi adaptive is the necessity of the hour for SAR applications. In this research work Butter worth digital FIR semi adaptive band pass filter for 700-800 KHz for 128 order Kaiser window with 0.5 Beta was designed using XILINX and MATLAB soft wares. As part of practical research work 700 -800 KHz Butter worth digital FIR semi adaptive band pass filter for 700-800KHz for 128 order Kaiser window with 0.5 Beta was designed using FPGA kit using SPARTAN-3E. These were optimized, analyzed, compared and evaluated keeping the sampling frequency at 5 GHz. Both these filters were tested by passing a sinusoidal test signal of 781 KHz along with noise and the filtered output signals are presented.

According to 2006 census the vast majority of household live in the rural area of Nigeria, inhabits indigenous earth dwelling of various typologies. These accounted for thirty five percent of total national housing stock. They are characterized with deterioration and dilapidation. Ensuring an adequate performance level of well built earth dwelling, it requires high level of maintenance. Furthermore, many of these structures are built in ignorance of rules and regulations of good building practice. The focus group of professional especially architect and builder were organized to coordinate the study process, ensuring adequate evaluations of issues that can facilitate improved performances of earth as a building materials. The attitude of lack of maintenance was also considered and observed. Their recommendations are evaluated and classified according to issues and strategies: Seven prevailing factors facilitating fast deterioration of earth dwelling were identified. The study recommended fundamental strategies that could help to: Upgrade traditional building, Improve the performance and durability of earth dwelling, Reduce the amount of maintenance cost required by ensuring adequate building precautions and to create a practical and affordable construction based on local practice.

This study examines Persian address terms within the theory of politeness in the three distinct historical periods of Qajar (1791-1925), Pahlavi (1926-1979) and after the Islamic Revolution (1979 -up to now). Data was collected from 24 novels to best reflect various interpersonal relationships. Data analysis shows that Persian address terms are clearly divided into positive and negative types. All types of positive address terms have shown to increase in number. Negative address terms of ‘honorifics’, ‘educational’ & ‘cultural’ and ‘teknonyms’ decreased while ‘occupational’ and ‘zero address terms’ have increased in frequency which reveals a gradual and regular movement from formality to solidarity.

The tremendous increase in the use of heavy metals over the past few decades has inevitably resulted in an increased flux of metallic substances in aquatic environment. Mine drainage, industrial and domestic effluents, agricultural run-off, acid rain etc. have all contributed to some extent to the metal loads in the water bodies. Metals are of special concern because they are non-degradable and therefore persistent. Some metals may be either beneficial or toxic, depending on concentration. The efficient removal of toxic metals from wastewater is an important matter and it is a widely-studied area. There are many techniques available for the removal of heavy metals such as chemical precipitation, reverse osmosis, electrolysis and ion exchange. Physical treatment can also be used to remove small concentrations of hazardous substances dissolved in water that would never settle out. One of the most commonly used techniques involves the process of adsorption, which is the physical adhesion of chemicals onto the surface of a solid. The effectiveness of the adsorbent is directly related to the amount of surface area available to attract the molecules or particles of contaminant. As the use of activated carbon is expensive, so there has been considerable interest in the use of other sorbent materials. Among the many other low cost absorbents identified chitin has the highest sorption capacity for several metal ions but has some mass transfer problems. In the present investigation an attempt was made to overcome these mass transfer limitations by synthesizing binary blend using chitin and poly vinyl alcohol; and ternary blend using chitin, poly vinyl alcohol and silk fibroin and the both blends were characterized by FTIR, TGA, XRD and SEM. From the characterization results, it was found that chitin/PVA/SF (1:1:1) ternary blend is thermally stable than chitin/PVA (1:1) binary blend. Thus, electroplating industrial wastewater was treated with the prepared ternary blend and results revealed that the ternary blend prepared was excellent in removing the heavy metal ions from electroplating industrial effluent. Hence, the ternary blend of chitin, poly vinyl alcohol and silk fibroin could open way for waste water treatment in industrial level.

The three-phase frictional pressure drop for gas-liquid-solid mixture secondary ?ow through helical curved pipe in vertical orientation is investigated and reported in this article. Effects of different operating variables on the three phase pressure drop are enunciated and the experimental results were analyzed and Lockhart-Martinelli and Davis model are incorporated to predict the three-phase frictional pressure drop. A correlation for parameter for the model is also proposed to predict frictional pressure drop for gas-liquid-solid mixture flow through helical curved pipe by dimensional analysis.

We are very happy to announce that from 12th April 2011, Prof. Mohammad Reza Noruzi has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on the Faculty of Economics and Management. Prof. Mohammad Reza Noruzi is currently an Associate professor at Faculty of Economics and Management, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran. The appointment of Prof. Mohammad Reza Noruzi as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

Proxy blind signature combines the properties of both proxy signature and blind signature. In a proxy signature scheme, a signer delegates his signing power to a proxy, who signs a message on behalf of the original signer. In a blind signature scheme, the signer cannot link the relationship between the blind message and the signature of the chosen message. Therefore, it is very suitable for electronic commerce application. In this paper, a proxy blind signature scheme based on ECDLP for multiple signer has been proposed, which satisfy the security properties of both the blind signature and the proxy signature. In this proposed scheme multiple original signers are delegates their signing power to one proxy signer, who give signature on behalf of them. Analysis shows that our scheme is secure and efficient.

The present investigation was done to prepare dosa using composite flour containing kodo and barnyard millet flour, whole wheat flour and defatted soy flour of four different combinations and to study the impact of millet flour blend incorporation on characteristics of dosa. The prepared dosa was characterized by analyzing physical properties, nutritional properties, organoleptic characteristics and in vivo glycemic load among ten normal and ten type 2 diabetic subjects. Results indicated that the diameter of dosa was increased with decrease in thickness; the spread ratio was increased significantly at p<0.001; and the weight of batter and dosa were decreased while increasing the incorporation of millet flour blend. The total carbohydrate, starch, and total sugar content were decreased; protein, amylose/amylopectin ratio and crude fiber content were increased significantly while increasing the incorporation of millet flour blend. As the millet flour blend ratio increased above 20%, most of liking and Just About Right (JAR) attributes especially on texture of dosa was decreased marginally. Organoleptically 30% level of incorporation was accepted. The glycemic index and glycemic load were decreased significantly while increasing the incorporation of millet flour blend. Thus the consumption of prepared dosa from composite flour will definitely pose a light to increase the nutritional security and decrease the incidence of double disease burden.

In this work, we conducted a comparative analysis among toluene, chloroform and pentanol through theoretical analysis of 2-chloro-5,6-dimethyl-3-(methylsulfanyl) quinoxaline (2Cl5,6Dm3MsQ) molecule with the help of Gaussian 09 software, the geometry of the molecule is optimized and studied the geometric properties using density functional theory (DFT) method. By using DFT method the Mulliken charge distribution of 2Cl5,6Dm3MsQ molecule, highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) analysis of the molecule in different solvent atmosphere which are used to establish the energy band gap and the stability of the molecule are analysed. Potential distribution and density distribution of the titled molecule is analysed by the surface mapping to understand the reactivity of the molecule. From all the findings we observed that, the 2Cl5,6Dm3MsQ molecule has good kinetic stability, by the optical property study we can also ensure that, the molecule may have good biological properties and may also use in optoelectronic devices.