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Adolescence is one of the most crucial periods in the life of an individual, because between the ages of 10-19years, many key biological, social, economical, demographic and cultural events occur that set the stage for adult life. During this phase of growth the girls first experience menstruation and related problems which is marked by feelings of anxiety and eagerness to know about this natural phenomenon. However, they do not get the appropriate knowledge due to lack of a proper health education programme in schools. Moreover, the traditional Indian society regards talks on such topics as taboo and discourages open discussion on these issues. Moreover, the routine health services do not have provisions for adequate care of adolescent health problems. This further exaggerates the problems manifold. Although menstruation is a natural process, it is linked with several misconceptions and practices, which sometimes result into adverse health outcomes. Majority of adolescents still does not have access to information and education on sexuality, reproduction and sexual and reproductive health and rights, nor do they have access to preventive and curative service. Providing adolescents with access to seek information education and services is thus the main challenge for future programmes. In this regard an attempt has been made to measure the level of knowledge and attitude towards reproductive health, b) to study the reproductive health practices among adolescent girls and c) to study the attitude of adolescent girls towards sex education. The study was conducted among 60 school going adolescent girls of Sullia Taluq. The findings not only prove and confirm their view, but also reveal the fact that the adolescent girl’s family members restrict their daughters during menstruation and majority of the respondents stated they need sex related education in the curriculum. The study also recommends that health workers should concentration more on imparting reproductive health among rural adolescent girls. Community groups, peer groups school curriculum and other such channels are likely to be more effective means of transmitting important health messages and advice to young women entering puberty.

The history of student-centered approach takes its roots from a constructivist theory, in which students learn more by doing and experiencing rather than by observing. In this theory, students are the initiators and architects of their own learning and knowledge making rather than passive ‘vessels’ who receive knowledge from expert teachers (Brown, 2008). In contrast to learner-centered, language-centered methods focus on discrete items of grammatical and lexical forms of a language that are presented to the learners. In fact linguistic forms constitute the organizing principle for syllabus construction. This paper aims at distinguishing which method is better. In order to do this three groups of female intermediate learners at three institutions in Kashmar, Iran participated in this study. There were three classes, including 30 learners in each group who were assigned to control and two experimental groups. The experimental groups received an instruction in three tenses; simple present, simple past and future tenses, followed by writing pre- and post-tests. Both tests consist of six questions and students' answers should be in form of a T-unit that including 50 words with using eight verbs. After analyzing the results of pre- and post-tests and comparing the performance of experimental groups, the findings show that the performance of learners in language-centered class is better than learner-centered class.

Teaching of English is a profession. There are certain aspects that are very important to be considered for the teaching of English as ESL/EFL/ESP etc. The professional effectiveness becomes more demanding especially in a situation which is not very conducive to the teaching of English for the speakers of other languages than English. The case of Arab countries in general and Saudi Arabia in particular falls under the same category. The pedagogic significance of Lesson planning has always been debated for a very long time. It is believed if a specific lesson is planned the results are expected to be far better. The present paper will explore certain theoretical as well practical issues related to the lesson planning as a strategy for the teaching of Reading (ENGLISH).

Table of contents for the month of June 2018

Table of contents for the month of March 2017

We discuss two dark energy models on LRS Bianchi Type-I magnetized anisotropic space –time with a variable equation of state (EoS). The EoS for dark energy is found to be time dependent and its existing range for derive models is in good agreement with the recent observations. Using the suitable condition, the anisotropic models approach to isotropic scenario. We also find that during the evolution of the universe, the EoS parameter for DE changes from to in first model whereas from to in second model which is consistent with recent observations. The cosmological constant is found to be a positive decreasing function of time and it approaches a small positive value at late time (i.e. the present epoch) which is corroborated by results from recent supernovae Ia observations. The physical and geometric properties are also discussed.

Owing to the poor academic performances of students in Secondary Schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria, the study examined gender differences and the influence of parenting styles on the academic performances of secondary school students in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A sample of 116 participants comprising of 62 males and 54 females with ages ranging from 13 to 16 years and a mean age of 15.2 years was drawn from among the students of Christ School, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. The 20 items Parental Care Scale developed by Baumrind (1971) to measure what children perceive as the styles or approaches that their parents dominantly use in taking care of them was administered on the students and it was found out that parenting style influences children’s academic performances, with authoritative parenting style being most influential [ t (113) = 20.95, p <.01]. No significant difference was found in the academic performances of males and females owing to differing parental styles. Findings were therefore discussed in light of available literature and recommendations were made.

The study of fully developed mixed convection Couette flow of a nano fluid between two vertical parallel plates, with asymmetric thermal and nanoparticle concentration conditions at the walls, filled by a nanofluid has been studied. The nanofluid model used in this paper takes into account the lower plate moving velocity, Brownian diffusion and the thermophoresis effects and the analysis is based on analytical solutions. Analytical expressions for the fully developed velocity, temperature and nanoparticle concentration profiles as well as for the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers at the left wall of the channel are obtained and analysed.

We are very happy to announce that from 13th October 2017, Mr.K.Hari Krishna has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Management. Mr.K.Hari Krishna working as Assistant Professor, Sphoorthy Engineering College, Naderul, Hyderabad, India. The appointment of Mr.K.Hari Krishna as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com.

Power has been an important issue for the present day microelectronic circuits of Soc designs. In the entire phase of design controlling power and dealing with power dissipation is very important. There are six leakage components in a MOS transistor. About 50 % of the total power consumption is through leakage components alone. Out of this 40 % power dissipation is through transistors. Out of them subthreshold leakage and gate leakage are of important concern for sub 100 nm devices. In this work we presented the main leakages in a 6T- SRAM cell. Later we presented an existing variable body biasing method and its performance. We proposed two novel methodologies HSVR, GSVE to reduce the subthreshold and gate leakage components. These methods are toplogy based leakage reduction methods applied for leakage reduction in the circuit level. We observed considerable reduction of both the components through the proposed methods.