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Well-ordered SAMs using adipic acid were formed on the oxide of iron carbon steel surface by immersion method. This leads to ordered, robust monolayers bound to the surface in a tetradentate manner. Monolayer formation takes place when carbon steel is immersed in an aqueous solution containing 60ppm of Cl– and 100ppm of adipic acid for 5 minutes, and rinsing the physisorbed molecules in distilled water and heating in a hot air oven. The adipic acid monolayers on iron oxide steel carbon can withstand rinsing with water, concentrated acid and base exposure. Additionally, these monolayers are stable over the course of at least one week. The formations of monolayers were confirmed by AFM study and FTIR spectra. The SAMs were tested by polarization and EIS electrochemical analysis. The results of this study show that adipic acid monolayers adsorbed on metal surface can reduce electrochemical activity on the surface, often the first step in corrosion.

The growing importance of quality software systems has brought about increasing demand for efficient software testing. Traditionally, there is a typical approach for testing the software manually, which consumes a lot of time and effort. Hence there is a need to decrease the amount of resources needed and to increase the efficiency and throughput. One attractive solution to this problem is test automation, i.e. allocating certain testing tasks to computers. This thesis opens up the discussion on test automation framework made by us. Here we have used Selenium Web driver, Java, HTML and other necessary languages and packages for implementing the framework. The framework uses the Driver Script and allows to automatically fetch data from the spreadsheets and uses them in testing the web application automatically and also generating report automatically for the same.

Piezoelectric materials offer a promising approach to reduce our dependence on conventional source of electricity. Crowd Farming can be a useful technique to extract power from piezoelectric materials. In our work, calculation have been made based on piezoelectric flooring system in crowded area, as the source of pressure is the footsteps of the crowd. Further from the literature study on piezoelectricity, one footstep can provide electrical energy to light two 60-watt bulbs for one second and the effect of large number of people on piezoelectric floor can generate electricity of substantial quantity.

This study seeks to explore the factors determining the capital structure of banking sector of Pakistan. A panel data set of 26 banks for the period of 2007 to 2011 was selected to fulfill the objective of this study. The findings of two econometric techniques of panel data i.e. fixed effects and random effects models reveal that size, tangibility, profitability, growth opportunities and liquidity are the significant determinants of capital structure. The size and liquidity of the banks in the sample have direct impact on leverage, whereas, tangibility, profitability and growth opportunities have a negative association with leverage. These outcomes are in line with corporate finance theories such as Trade-Off Theory, Agency Cost Theory and Pecking Order Theory. This study certifies that banking sector has determinants similar to non-financial sector, so, this study will help financial analysts and managers in understanding the dynamics and underlying premises on capital structure of banking sector of Pakistan.

Fillers added to the matrix material help to enhance the properties of a composite. The present research investigation has aimed to the electrical study on synthesized alumina fibre reinforced epoxy composites at room temperature with different concentration of alumina fibre along with different frequencies. Decrease in dielectric constant and dielectric loss is found on increasing the frequency. Increase in ac conductivity has been found on increasing the frequency as well as concentration of filler. The resultant samples were prepared by hand lay technique. Cluster of alumina fibre is found on the surface of epoxy composite when examined by Scanning electron microscopy.

We are very happy to announce that from 13th September 2016, Dr. Mohammed Mustafa has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Dental Sciences. Dr. Mohammed Mustafa working as Assistant Professor & Head of Endodontic Division, Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin AbdulAziz University, AlKharj. The appointment of Dr. Mohammed Mustafa as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

We are very happy to announce that from 4th February 2017, Dr. Ponnusamy Sukumar has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Electronics and Communication Engineering. Dr. Ponnusamy Sukumar working as Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Nandha Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode, TamilNadu, India. The appointment of Dr. Ponnusamy Sukumar as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.

Nagaland lies in the extreme North-East corner of India at the confluence of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. For centuries, community fishing has played an indispensable and integral role in the social, cultural and religious life of the Naga. The community fishing also symbolizes a close interdependence between man and environment and demonstrates the sustainable use of resources with clear understanding of the eco-centric approach. The proposed paper tries to draw light on the cultural lives, practices and deep ecological understanding of the Ao Naga while sustainably utilizing the resources from their environment which is demonstrated through community fishing.

Crimped steel fibres with varying aspect ratio in the range of 30-60 were added in M-20 Concrete specimens. The fibre percentage chosen for study was 1% by volume. The concrete specimens were tested for 7 day, 14 day and 28 day compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength and the results obtained were compared with those of normal concrete mix without fibres. The results concluded that the addition of 1% fibres with an aspect ratio of 50 leads to maximum improvement in early as well as long term compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete.

An analytical study is performed to investigate the effects of chemical reaction and radiation on unsteady MHD flow past an exponentially accelerated vertical plate with variable temperature and variable mass diffusion in the presence heat source or sink under the influence of applied transverse magnetic field. It is assumed that the effect of viscous dissipation is negligible in the energy equation and there is a first order chemical reaction between the diffusing species and the fluid. The flow is assumed to be in - direction which is taken along the infinite vertical plate in the upward direction and -axis is taken normal to the plate. At time >0, the both temperature and species concentration levels near the plate are raised linearly with time time t. A general exact solution of the governing partial differential equations is obtained by usual Laplace transform technique. The velocity, temperature and concentration fields are studied for different physical parameters like thermal Grashof number (Gr), mass Grashof number (Gm), Schmidt number (Sc), Prndtl number (Pr), radiation parameter (R), magnetic field parameter (M), accelerated parameter (a), heat source parameter (H), chemical reaction parameter (K) and time (t) are studied through graphs and tables.