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A non-linear cumulative fatigue model was developed for estimating the fatigue life of high strength aluminum alloy 7049 in high cycle fatigue (HCF) and low cycle fatigue (LCF) regimes with different laser surface coatings. These coatings are water laser peening and the black paint laser peening (bPLP). The results of the application the new non-liner model to the experimental data that the proposed model is quite applicable for interaction cumulative fatigue with laser coating. The paper also indicated that the fatigue limit increased by 2.59 due to bpLp while it reduced by 2.3 due to WLP.The new non linear model showed satisfactory prediction for bpLp cumulative fatigue loading.

Bauxite residue (red mud) is mineral slurry left behind after extracting alumina from bauxite ores using the Bayer process. It is estimated that over 248 million tons of this waste is impounded annually in the world. This paper describes the effective utilization of red mud in brick manufacturing. Red mud consists of high pH value in the range of 10.5 -13. Seawater neutralization is preferred to reduce the pH value to an optimum range of 8.5-8.9. After the neutralization process, red mud is used in brick manufacturing by replacing the clay and red soil in various percentages and it is tested. The compressive strength of all the samples were more than 3.5N/mm2. The water absorption value for most of the samples was below 20%. The result of the tests showed that the red mud did not negatively affect the quality of the produced bricks. It is thus concluded that the red mud can be utilized as a raw material in brick manufacturing, thus maintaining sustainability in the construction sector.

The United States is a land of immigrants, and newcomers have a greater propensity to start new ventures, however immigrant-owned businesses, also often fail within the first 5 years. The purpose of this single case study was to explore the strategies U.S.-based Togolese small business owners who were engaged in entrepreneurial activities in Togo used to finance personally led business ventures. The lens of the Schumpeterian entrepreneurship theory underpinned the study represented the conceptual framework. Semistructured interviews of 20 successful Togolese small business owners who resided in the Washington D.C. metropolitan area, and engaged in entrepreneurial activities in Togo, and were in business for more than 5 years constituted the data collection. The analysis of the interview data analysis entailed coding techniques, word clustering, and thematic analysis, using a method of constant comparison with the aid of qualitative data analytical software. Methodological triangulation facilitated further analysis to improve the depth and quality of the study. The key themes emerging from the coding and thematic analysis of interviews included scarcity of loans from banks and financial institutions, the use of personal money to exclusively finance a business or to complete insufficient funding allocated by banks. The findings of the study may serve to improve the business success of immigrant business owners, and immigrant entrepreneurs may use the knowledge to finance business ventures, which could lead to the creation of jobs and improvement in the standard of living of U.S.-based Togolese entrepreneurs. The findings from this study may have a positive bearing on the welfare of local communities in Togo, in contributing to economic growth stimulation.

Colon is an ideal site for delivering drugs for both systemic and local action. The aim of the study is to formulate a sustained release tablet dosage form for theophylline, which is used for treating nocturnal asthma. Theophylline tablets were prepared by direct compression method and coated with Eudragit S100 and HPMC inorder to avoid the drug release in the upper gastro intestinal tract. Tablets were characterized by the following parameters like hardness, friability, film property, weight variation, uniformity of drug content and in vitro dissolution studies were performed by half dilution method. The coated tablets remain intact drug release up to 5 hours. An accelerated stability study was carried out at ambient condition and 45ºC with 75% relative humidity. In conclusion the coated theophylline tablets was found to be better alternate for the conventional tablets to release the drug in the mid night and early in the morning which is desirable features for treating nocturnal asthma.

The ophthalmic solution with minimum concentration of preservative preparation in an appropriate packaging material appears to be most attractive approach for the process development and scale-up point of view. A simple high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of ofolaxin in eye drops formulation was presented. Benzalkonium chloride in concentrations from 0.1% to 0.0001% induced dose-dependent growth arrest and conjunctival epithelial cell death, either delayed or immediately after administration The HPLC separation was undertaken on a inertsil C18 column using a mobile phase of water for injection. Compatibility study was assessed through measurement of factors affecting column peak symmetry, calculated using peak area and peak height of chromatogram. Assay decreased from 104 % to 102.89 % in three pieces to 101.27% in BFS, and 102.24 in glass container. Chromatographic analytical data indicated the stability of parenteral preparations in containers good enough till three months.

In the present paper, the classical generalized Hardy type transformation depending on three real parameters defined by where with and denote the Bessel type function of first and second kind of order respectively is extended to certain spaces of generalized functions by the kernel method in such a way that the theory of Pathak and Pandey [11] in relation with Hardy type transformation appears then as a particular case for . By interpreting the convergence in the weak distributional sense, an inversion theorem is established. The theory thus developed is applied to solve certain boundary value problems.

Water has been a precious resource for human life. The extent of utility of water resource for any purpose is dependent on a variety of factors like economic development, standard of living, industrialization and agriculture practices in a particular region. The ground water is a major source of domestic and agricultural activities in the present study area. The study area is classified into two divisions, the northern Command area and the southern Non-command area both lying in the same climatic region. The Command area is occupied by limestones and the Non-command area by hills of Quartzites, Phyllites and Shales. The results revealed that ground waters in the study area are slightly alkaline in nature. In terms of potability, although, concentrations of many parameters are within the limits of dirnking water quality standards (WHO (1993), ISI(1991) the ground water of the area is effected by the excess of salinity content, the excess of which can cause gastrointestinal problems to the local population.

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and it is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. Breast cancer has arisen as the most commonly detected cancer among women in sub-Saharan Africa, exceeding cervical cancer. This study sought to specifically assess the knowledge levels of female Senior High School (SHS) students of breast cancer and breast self-examination. It was also to ascertain whether females in Senior High Schools practiced Breast Self-Examination (BSE) and the barriers to practicing BSE. The study utilized quantitative method; the cross-sectional design was used to investigate the knowledge of breast cancer and practice of breast self-examination. The Bolgatanga Girls' Senior High School was used; they had a total population of 1, 946. Simple random sampling was used to choose students in year three who were 600. A sample size of 260 students were chosen for the study. The study showed that students had low knowledge of breast cancer risk factors and breast cancer screening methods however, they had high knowledge of breast cancer signs and symptoms. More than half of the respondents never performed BSE. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used to analyze the data. Despite high awareness of breast cancer and BSE, in-depth knowledge is low and respondents' BSE practices were characterized by faulty timing and regularity. It was recommended that there was the need to intensify education of the young girls on breast cancer and BSE for early detection and management.

Inclusive education is burning issue of the present world and inclusive education is in its initial stage in Pakistan. This study was conducted to know the perception of mainstream school education teachers on different (psychological, social, academic, and general) and comparison of rural and urban areas mainstream teachers’ perception towards inclusive education. Total 90 teachers were the participants of this study. Data were collected personally by researcher on self-developed questionnaire on four domain; Psychological aspect, social aspects, academic aspects and general aspect. The collected information were analyzed through percentage, mean, SD, and t-test. The overall results of the study indicated that the majority of teachers have positive perception towards inclusive education, but it is necessary for proper preparation, training and facilities for better implementation.

The salivary glands stand out as the tissue with probably the most diverse pathology in the human body. Salivary gland tumors are abnormal cells growing in the ducts that drain the salivary glands. Benign tumors are more common with the major glands. This review highlights management of benign epithelial salivary gland tumors. This covers various types of parotidectomy and techniques of submandibular gland excision. Endoscopic approaches and sialendoscopy are the recently used modalities.The key to surgical success is early identification of the facial nerve, meticulous dissection, and eradication of all disease at the time of initial surgery.