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This study presents the impact of board governance mechanism on share repurchase for Malaysian listed companies by using the pooled panel data analysis for a period of six years (2005 to 2010). The result shows that foreign board member, board independent and total remuneration play a significant role in influencing Malaysian companies toward share repurchase.

Trials were carried out using five maize varieties in Ibadan, Oyo state Nigeria in 2010 and 2011 maize cropping seasons. The varieties were planted in a randomized complete block design of three replicates. The objective was to evaluate the relationship existing among various growth and yield components as they contribute to grain yield. The result showed that varieties differed significantly in days to 50% flowering, field weight and number of kernel per cob (P<0.05), leaf area, ear length and 1000 grain weight (P<0.01), plant height and grain yield/ha (P<0.001). ART98-SW5OB and Obatanpa were superior in almost all the agronomic traits evaluated while ART98-SW6 OB was least in plant height and produce flowers earlier than the other varieties. Years, variety and years of evaluation interaction were however not significantly different. Ear length correlated positively and strongly with plant height and number of kernels per cob (P<0.001). Plant height and other agronomical traits were positively associated with grain yield except days to 50% flowering and numbers of kernel per cob. Growth and yield components are related in one way or the other; hence selection for secondary yield traits that correlate positively with primary yield components is fundamental to the overall grain yield development in maize.

ABSTRACT The FT-IR and FT Raman spectra of 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde (DCB) and 4-methoxy- 3-methyl benzaldehyde (MMB) molecules have been recorded in the region 4000-400cm-1 and 3500-50cm-1 respectively. Optimized geometrical parameters, harmonic vibrational frequencies and depolarization ratio have been computed by density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method and basis sets. The observed FT-IR and FT-Raman vibrational frequencies are analysed and compared with theoretically predicted vibrational frequencies. The geometries and normal modes of vibration obtained from DFT method are in good agreement with the experimental data. The first-order hyperpolarizability (?0) of the investigated molecule were computed using DFT calculations. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies shows that charge transfer occur within molecule. Unambiguous vibrational assignments of all the fundamentals was made using the total energy distribution (TED). Keywords: DCB,MMB, FT-IR, FT- Raman, HOMO-LUMO, DFT , NLO Corresponding author: mobile: +91 9442959222. E-mail address: jjmarivu@yahoo.co.in (M. Arivazhagan)

Delay is considered as a main problem in civil projects of Iran. Ending the construction of dam in determined time is of high importance in terms of huge capitals invested in dam building projects. The present study has attempted to manage crisis of embankment dams in terms of construction delay reduction. To this end, a questionnaire has been distributed among 50 employers, consultants and contractors of embankment dams’ construction projects. The obtain data has been processed in SPSS software. As the research findings reveals, accelerating the trend of privatizing embankment dams’ construction projects, prioritizing technical and financial capabilities compared to the prices suggested by contractors and supplying required credit to pay lands losses lead to the decrease of construction delay of embankment dams.

GPS receivers plays a greater role for calculating and determining the precise point positioning and deals with the navigational massages, also one of the main uses of high-end GPS receivers is for scientific research and space science analysis. The handheld GPS receivers were utilized for experimental purposes contrary to the traditional application for recreation and geo-catching activities. The classification of different commercial GPS receivers gave an inside ideas for application and utilization of these receivers in the field of laboratory research. Garmin GPS handheld receivers performed an excellent example in conducting experimental work for GPS propagation data analysis.

The African developmental state has become a critical concern of not only Africans but all peoples in the global community. The point at issue is not that African leaders at various historical epochs have to articulated philosophies and reasonable roadmaps to fast-tracking African developmental vision, however, in spite of all the efforts, it is observed that Africa is still at the lowest lung of world developmental indices. Now the million dollar question that agitates the minds of scholars and students of developmental studies in Africa is, ‘what is the real cause of African developmental stagnation’? Here many causes ranging from colonial exploitation to corruption and leadership ineptitude have been proffered. As good and reasonable as these propositions may be, this paper maintains that they are not the prime cause of African developmental dilemma, they are rather the secondary causes. This paper is of the opinion that African developmental problem lies in the nature of African epistemology and cosmology. It notes that African epistemology is organized around supernaturalism; this knowledge type stifles creativity and enslaves humanity to its lethal dictations as it limits man from attaining selfhood and self dictations and governance. This paper maintains that if African must attain her developmental dreams, she must first of all liberate herself from the powers of her religion and her worldview of life but as long as the current African epistemology continue to be her source of knowledge system, then she will continue to maintain her slavish status in the global community. Therefore, to change this status, this paper calls for the demystification and de-spiritualization of life and religion by the Africans.

We are very happy to announce that from 6th February 2013, Dr. Kulkarni Shrikant Raghunath has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Chemistry. Dr. Kulkarni Shrikant Raghunath is currently working as Scientist Incharge, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, India. The appointment of Dr. Kulkarni Shrikant Raghunath as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 29th April 2013, Dr. Moinuddin Sarker has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Chemistry. Dr. Moinuddin Sarker is currently working as Vice President (VP) of Research and Development (R & D), Head of Science Team, Natural State Research, Inc. 37 Brown House Road (2nd Floor) Stamford, CT-06902, USA. The appointment of Dr. Moinuddin Sarker as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

We are very happy to announce that from 25th July 2013, Dr. Ramsundar Bairagya has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Microeconomics, Welfare Economics, Mathematical Economics. Dr. Ramsundar Bairagya is currently working as Asst. Professor, Department of Economics, S.N.College, Labpur, Birbhum. The appointment of Dr. Ramsundar Bairagya as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief

Yilmag and Cahit defined Ek – cordial labelling of graphs by combining k-equitable labelling and edge-graceful labelling of graphs. In this paper, we investigate the Ek - Cordial labeling of the graphs.