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Corrosion is one of the most damaging and costly naturally occurring events seen today. The most common kinds of corrosion result from electrochemical reactions. It can be prevented if the metal is coated with something which does not allow moisture and oxygen to react with it. It can be controlled by either alloying or by anti rust solutions. The naturally occurring plant products are eco-friendly, compatible, nonpolluting, less toxic, easily available, biodegradable and economic to be used as corrosion inhibitor.Euphorbia caducifolia has been selected to study its corrosion inhibition efficiency. It is easily available in any season. It is native to Thar Desert of India and located on rocky terrain, hills. It is used for treatment of bleeding wound, cutaneous eruption, urinary problems, kidney stones, rheumatic pain, bronchitis, jaundice, diabities, stomach pain, hernia etc. It is also called “Thor” and “Danda-thor”. It contains caudicifolin) norcycloartane type triterpene, cyclocaducinol, triterpenes euphol, tirucallol and cycloartenol. Corrosion inhibition efficiency of arial parts of Euphorbia caducifolia was studied for aluminium in HCl. Maximum inhibition efficiency was found 99.47% in 1N HCl acid with 0.8% leaf corrosion inhibitor whereas it was 94.21% for stem and 90.51% for flower with same concentration of inhibitor i.e. 0.8%. Inhibition efficiency was studied in different concentration of acid (1N, 1.5N, 2N and 2.5N) with different concentration of inhibitor (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8%). Weight loss and thermometric methods were used. Inhibition efficiency was found to be increase with increase in concentration of inhibitor and decrease with increase in acid strength.

A set D of vertices in a graph G = (V, E) is called a dominating set of G, if every vertex in V-D is adjacent to some vertex in D. The domination number (G) of G is the minimum cardinality of a dominating set in G. A dominating set D of a graph G is a complementary tree dominating set, if the induced subgraph is a tree. The minimum cardinality of a complementary tree dominating set is called the complementary tree domination number of G and is denoted by ctd(G).The chromatic number of G is the minimum number of colours assigned to the vertices of G such that no two adjacent vertices have the same colour and is denoted by (G).In this paper we investigate cubic graphs for which ctd(G) = (G).

Friction stir welding is a relatively new solid-state joining technique which is widely adopted in different industry fields to join different metallic alloys that are hard to weld by conventional Fusion welding. FSW welding of material ( like aluminium stainless steel copper etc.) with good weld quality it is essential to manufacture specified fixture having accurate clamping capacity, heat resistance, compressive strength of base plate, flexibility in the welded plate dimension and easy to operate before and after FSW process. In this paper everything is calculated properly with complete design criteria to fulfill above mentions requirement

This paper presents sizing and control methodologies for a lead-acid flow battery-based energy storage system fed by Solar Photovoltaic system. The results show that the power flow control strategy does have a significant impact on proper sizing of the rated power and energy of the system. This paper focuses on the development of a control strategy for optimal use of the battery storage system through sliding mode controller. The effectiveness of this control strategy has validated through experimentation.

New transition metal [V(V), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II) and Cd(II)] complexes of (EPMPB) have been investigated in solution using Potentiometric and spectrophotometric methods. The composition of the complexes was determined to be 1:1 and/or 1:2 (M: L), the optimum conditions favouring the formation of the coloured complexes were studied extensively; protonation constants and their stability constants of the complexes were calculated. The stability constants of the formed complexes increase in the order Pd (II) > V (V) > Cu (II) > Co (II) > Ni (II) > Cd (II). Adherence to Beer's law was observed for the µgmL-1 concentration range form 0.31- 3.49 and 1.06 - 4.25(?gml-1) for Cu(II) ion and Pd(II) ions, respectively, Molar absorptive was 6,899 and 10,788 L mol-1 cm-1 for Cu(II) and Pd(II) ions, respectively.

Drip irrigation systems have a preference in selecting a suitable irrigation method in arid and semi-arid regions because of its high potential in uniform applying water in through a field. A proper management of drip irrigation system is, to some extent, dependent upon accurate understanding of wetting patterns distributions in soil under different combinations of soil type and emitter discharge rate. Using statistical distribution to estimate wetting front pattern in drip irrigation systems can improve their performance in different conditions. In this paper, the wetting area and water distribution on light, medium and heavy texture homogeneous soils in subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and surface irrigation (DI) were evaluated. Experimental tests were carried out in a plexiglass lysimeter container with transparent walls. Emitters were buried at 15, 30 and 45 cm depths and discharge rates of 2.4, 4 and 6 L/h were applied. In this research, data of water front was divided into tree hourly periodic lengths of 2, 4 and 6. Then, with analysis of data in time series according to HYFA software output and goodness fit of Relative Residual Square Mean, suitable frequency distribution function for different conditions was evaluated. Based on relative frequency, the best fitted distribution for DI and SDI was found to be Normal and Pearson type III distribution (Moment method) and Normal distribution (maximum likelihood method).

Metal inert gas (MIG) welding is a fusion welding process having wide applications in industry. In any welding process, proper selection of input parameters is necessary to obtain good quality welds and consequently, increase the productivity of the process. Invariably, quality of welds is specified in terms of their ability to meet the service load requirements, zero-defect condition and/or cost-effective production. However, it is observed that a ‘Good Weld Bead Geometry’ can often be used to stipulate the weld quality as well as ensures one or more of the former considerations. The weld bead geometry is expressed in terms of six output parameters (called responses), viz., height of reinforcement (R), depth of penetration (P), weld bead width (W), per cent dilution (%D) and shape relationships such as weld penetration shape factor (W/P) and weld reinforcement form factor (W/R). This paper reports the experimental work with regard to developing a bead geometry-based criterion for acceptance of weldments prepared by MIG. Taguchi design method, comprising L16 orthogonal array (OA) was used to conduct the experimental with two replications and graphical method of analysis was used to arrive at the optimum combination of process parameters. The Responses were expressed in terms of six input process parameters, namely, wire feed rate (WFR), arc voltage (V), welding speed (WS), stand-off-distance (SOD), shielding gas flow rate (GFR) and parent material plate thickness (PT). Influence of the six main factors and their two-factor interactions were studied and the results are presented. It is observed that an increase in parameters like wire feed rate, welding speed, SOD and plate thickness will also result in a corresponding increase in reinforcement while they affect penetration in a negative way. On the other hand, a decrease in arc voltage results in an increase in reinforcement, but penetration decreases. The effect of GFR is typical, in the sense, as it is increased reinforcement decreases, but penetration shows an increasing trend. Further, weld bead width shows a positive correspondence with almost all input parameters. But, it has a negative relationship with SOD while it is unaffected by GFR. Also, the effect of 2-factor interactions have been studied and presented in this paper.

The present study describes degradation of Lacosamide under various conditions like, oxidation, hydrolysis, and thermal stress conditions. The drug was found to hydrolyse in acidic and alkaline conditions and no degradation was found in thermal stress condition and oxidation. The separation of the drug and degradation product was successfully achieved on a C18 column utilizing water (0.1 % triethylamine and pH 3.0±0.05 was adjusted using Orthophosphoric acid 85%v/v) and methanol in the ratio of 70:30 v/v. The detection wavelength was 215 nm. The method was validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, and specificity. The response was linear in concentration range of 1 - 20 µg/mL. The value of slope and correlation coefficient found to be 42506 and 0.9996 respectively. The R.S.D value for intra- and inter- day precision studies were <1.169 and <1.263, respectively. The recovery of the drug ranged between 98.81 and 101.76% from a mixture of degradation sample.

The process of economic development in an economy results in distinct structural changes. As a country progresses and the gross domestic product (GDP) basket enlarges, a shift in economic activity occurs away from agriculture towards services and manufacturing sectors, owing to higher elasticity of the latter two sectors than that of former sector. The process in turn leads to structural shifts, and consequent diminishing significance of primary activities and growing dominance of secondary and tertiary activities. This process brings with it significant changes in the production process, consumption pattern and various other social indicators. An in-depth understanding of inter-sectoral dynamics becomes all the more important for policy makers so that effective monetary, credit and fiscal policies could be designed in order to be able to achieve the broader objective of inclusive development. In this backdrop, the present paper endeavors to study linkages between agriculture and other Sectors in the Indian economy both through input-output (I-O) approach

In Tilapia aquaculture, it is more desirable to culture all male (monosex) population because they grow bigger and faster. The synthetic steroid hormones such as 17-?-methyl testosterone are commonly used to reverse sex in tilapia. Due to its latent health and environmental hazards, attention is presently being focused on the use of alternatives, such as plant extracts called phytochemicals. This study investigated the phytochemical “genistein” as a possible enzymatic aromatase inhibitor that could modulate the sex differential response in the gonad of sexually undifferentiated tilapia. Experimental diet supplemented with genistein (500mg/kg) along with a control diet were evaluated in the feeding of three days old tilapia fry (6mg-8mg) for eight weeks. Result shows that the presence of dietary genistein did not have any significance positive effect on the weight gain, SGR (%) and survival (%), although higher number of males were produced in the genistein fed fish but the phenotypic sex ratio was not significantly different (p>0.05) from the control.