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Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a term applied to a variety of clinical conditions ranging from asymptomatic presence of bacteria in the urine to severe infection of the kidney with resultant sepsis. UTI is defined also as the growth of a known bacterial pathogen more than 10000 cfu/ml in association with a positive dipstick or urinalysis. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a serious health problem affecting millions of people each year. Infections of the urinary tract are the second most common type of infection in the body. These are one of the most common bacterial infections affecting humans throughout their life span. Most of urinary tract infections are caused by gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter and Serratia. 90% of UTI cases are caused by gram-negative bacteria while only 10% of the cases are caused by gram-positive bacteria. Bacterial pathogens have evolved numerous defense mechanisms against antimicrobial agents; hence resistance to old and newly produced drugs is on the rise. The phenomenon of antibiotic resistance exhibited by the pathogenic microorganisms has led to the need for screening of several medicinal plants for their potential antimicrobial activity. The present study was conducted to identify the uropathogens based on morphological and biochemical characteristics and to study the antimicrobial effect of drugs, medicinal plant extracts and essential oils against uropathogens.

The responses of photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence along with changes in growth were observed in Jatropha curcas L. seedlings subjected to waterlogging. The growth characteristics, electrolyte leakage, photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rates were determined. The activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase in leaves increased with the increase duration of waterlogging, implying an integrated pathway involving catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase for protection against the detrimental effects of activated oxygen species under waterlogging, but decreased in the recovery period. A strong reduction in photosynthetic and growth characteristics was observed as a results of waterlogging. Decrease in leaf area expansion and stomatal conductance seemed to be the main cause for impairing photosynthesis-carbon assimilation, linked with biomass yield eventually. Further, the ratio between variable to initial chlorophyll fluorescence and the maximum quantum yield efficiency of photosystem II explored damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. Strong nonlinear correlation between physiological parameters and duration of waterlogging was observed.

The solid phase FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of 1-Benzylimidazole (BI) have been recorded in the regions 4000–400 cm-1 and 3500–100 cm-1, respectively. The optimized geometry, frequency and intensity of the vibrational bands, NBO analysis, HOMO- LUMO study of BI in DFT levels of theory using B3LYP/6-31G and B3LYP/6-311+G basis set. The harmonic vibrational frequencies were calculated and the scaled values have been compared with experimental FTIR and FT-Raman spectra. A detailed interpretation of the vibrational spectra of the title compound has been made on the basis of the calculated potential energy distribution (PED). Stability of the molecule arising from hyperconjucative interactions leading to its bioactivity, charge delocalization have been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The calculated HOMO-LUMO energies shows that charge transfer occur within the molecule. The observed and calculated frequencies are found to be in good agreement.

Convergence plays an important role in optimization of error. In this paper, Convergence is analyzed in terms of power with respect to Root Mean Square Error. Power Adaptation Algorithms are implemented on image transmission and the convergence is analysed. Distance Based Power Adaptation Algorithm outperforms compared with the other algorithms.

The natural plant product used as a medicine namely marigold were tested as corrosion inhibitor of Zn in 0.5M of HCl. The Cyclic-Voltameter, potentiometry technique data suggested that the inhibition efficiency increases with the concentration of extract. The inhibition efficiency of inhibitor interpreted as adsorption on metal surface.

An Autogenous Milling defined as used in this study, the term Autogenous milling means a process in which the size of the constituent pieces of a supply of rock is reduced in a tumbling mill purely by the interaction of the pieces, or by the interaction of the pieces with the mill shell, no other grinding medium being employed. The definition thus covers both 'run-of-mine' and 'pebble' milling, the only difference from the mathematical modeling viewpoint being that the feed to the first has a continuous, and the second a non-continuous, size distribution. This paper describes the detail design of a typical Autogenous mill.

With increasing development companies around the world, our country Iran is not an exception and keep pace with this development according to the conditions prevailing in different fields expanded, The telecommunications compliance with Article 44 of the constitution And move towards privatization of the state monopoly in the This leads to emerging operators with strong potential for the days that involved the complex challenge This development has lagged behind and competitive with others in order to survive in the market are at an acceptable level of service to its customer’s In this regard, in addition to rely on the equipment and infrastructure facilities need a strong financial system for the preparation of financial information for users outside the organization Such as the tax country or shareholders and a strong financial system for the management of the company are domestic users For the analysis of financial data to make better decisions than the development or production of certain outdated act according to its earnings In addition to pricing and decisions regarding the production and sale to a financial system warning that the value of finished goods is needed Because the value of finished products in different times and conditions may differ In this regard, due to the lack of Production system cost in telecommunications company we decided to design cost model is based on the financial coding system that includes all Specific, detailed and coding functions to achieve cost in different areas of the province, So in various parts of the cost of the product to be obtained separately.

A simple, accurate, rapid and precise isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of Metformin and Gliclazide in tablets. The chromatographic separation was carried out on an Cosmosil ODS analytical column (250×4.6 mm; 5?m) with a mixture of Methanol: Hplc grade water pH 6 adjusted with Orthophosphoric acid(70:30, v/v) as mobile phase; at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. UV detection was performed at 235 nm. The retention times were 2.50 and 6.02 min. for Metformin and Gliclazide, respectively. Calibration plots were linear (r2>0.998) over the concentration range 5-30?g/ml for Metformin and 1-6?g/ml Gliclazide. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, and sensitivity. The proposed method was successfully used for quantitative analysis of tablets. No interference from any component of pharmaceutical dosage form was observed. Validation studies revealed that method is specific, rapid, reliable, and reproducible. The high recovery and low relative standard deviation confirm the suitability of the method for routine determination of Metformin and Gliclazide in bulk drug and tablets dosage form.

At present mono crystalline silicon solar cells are more established and mostly used to generate electricity rather than using thin films crystalline silicon solar cells, amorphous silicon solar cells, because they attain less efficiency. Improvement in efficiency of mono crystalline silicon solar cells is very much relevant today from the point of view of cost reduction. Some of the very promising approaches for efficiency improvement for conventional silicon solar cells manufactured with screen printing technology are modification in the existing screen printing, Al BSF process, selective emitter, back surface passivation, HIT cells, multilayer Anti-reflection coating and other technologies etc. These technologies boost the efficiency of a solar cell by 1-2%. This paper discussed and investigated for improving efficiency in mono crystalline silicon solar cells with uniform texturization, multilayer ARC, front grid optimization, metallization and increasing aspect ratio which decreases shadow effect and also lowers the series resistance, in the manufacturing process of mono crystalline silicon solar cells.

We are very happy to announce that from 22nd April 2013, Dr. Biresh Kumar Sarkar has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on Natural Products Chemistry and Advanced Spectroscopic Techniques for Organic Structures Identification. Dr. Biresh Kumar Sarkar is currently working as Asstt.Director (Pharmacy), National Research Institute for Panchakarma, Central Council for Research in Ayurveda Sciences, Govt of India, Cheruthuruthy, Trissur, Kerala- 679531. The appointment of Dr. Biresh Kumar Sarkar as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to elixirpublishers@gmail.com. Sincerely Editor-in-Chief