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This study presents the impact of dust on the electrical performance parameters of CIGS PV modules installed in a Sahelian environment. The study concerns two PV (photovoltaic) modules of the same technologies (CIGS), of the same power, (90W) each, of the same electrical parameters and manufactured by the same company. These modules, respectively denoted M1 (SN-CIGS90) and M2 (SN-CIGS90) were tested under the initial conditions to ensure their correct operation and to determine the initial values of the electrical parameters before exposure. After that, the modules are exposed under actual CERER operating conditions for three months, in which the module M1 undergoes weekly cleaning and M2 is exposed without cleaning for three months. The comparison of the variation rates obtained on the experimental values of the two modules shows that, like other technologies, the deposition of dust constituting the environmental constraint that most influences the electrical parameters of a CIGS module. In fact, the M2, has respective variation rates of -38,581% for the maximum power (Pmax) and -37,430% for the short-circuit current (Isc), +1.520% for the open circuit voltage and (Vco) -3.309% for the form factor (FF), unlike the M1 module, which undergoes the following variations: -7.5% for the Pmax -3.163% for the Isc, + 1.467% for the Vco and-5,861% for the FF.

The purpose of writing the current paper is to survey employees’ empowerment on their job satisfaction in Iran insurance. To measure empowerment, competency, trust, meaning, impact and self-determination and to survey job satisfaction nature of work, salaries and income, leadership style, relation with coworkers and promotion systems were applied. 2 separated questionnaires in empowerment and job satisfaction distributed among statistical society after proving their validity and reliability. The results of applying Spearman and Friedman tests show that empowerment and its dimensions have positive and meaningful influence on job satisfaction in which the influence of competency is more than other variables. Also there are positive relationship between employees’ educational level and job experience with their satisfaction. Finally the results of applying Binomial test show that all variables were placed in high levels.

Mobile ad hoc networks will appear in environments where the nodes of the networks are absent and have little or no physical protection against tampering. The wireless nodes of MANET are thus susceptible to compromise and are particularly vulnerable to denial of service (DoS) attacks launched by malicious nodes or intruders. Flooding attack is one such type of DoS attack, in which a compromised node floods the entire network by sending a large number of fake RREQs to nonexistent nodes in the network, thus resulting in network congestion. In this paper, the security of MANET AODV routing protocol is investigated by identifying the impact of flooding attack on it. A simulation study of the effects of flooding attack on the performance of the AODV routing protocol is presented using random waypoint mobility model. The simulation environment is implemented by using the NS-3 network simulator. It is observed that due to the presence of such malicious nodes, average percentage of packet loss in the network, average routing overhead and average bandwidth requirement? all increases, thus degrading the performance of MANET significantly.

The purpose of the study was to investigate teachers’ perception on the implementation of the competency-based curriculum in public pre-schools in Keiyo North Sub-County. The study objective was to establish teachers’ perceptions on the implementation of the competence-based curriculum in public pre-schools. The study adopted curriculum implementation theory and descriptive survey design. The target population was 38 public pre-schools, 38 head teachers and 320 pre-school teachers. Simple random sampling was used to select the sample which comprised 108 respondents, 96 pre-school teachers and 12 head teachers. Data was collected using questionnaires. The quantitative data was processed and analysed with the help of the SPSS software programme using Pearson product moment correlation. There was a positive influence of attitudes of the teachers (r = .406) on implementation of competency-based curriculum. This implies that as the attitudes of the teachers improved the on implementation of competency-based curriculum increased. The findings also indicated that majority of the teachers had a positive attitude towards the competency-based curriculum. The study recommended that the ministry of education and Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development to organize for more in-service training for teachers to equip them with subject content knowledge and positively change their perceptions about the competency-based curriculum.

Structural characterization methods in Inorganic Chemistry are tools that lead every synthetic chemist to the final destination of synthesis. Therefore, in this article, the various methods of elucidating newly prepared ligands and the corresponding complexes are discussed. The methods, ranging from spectroscopic to non-spectroscopic have been discussed in principle, functions and uses.

Regression testing leads to running many tests many times. Hence it requires more cost. The most robust and straight forward technique for regression testing is to accumulate all integration tests and rerun them whenever new components are integrated into the system. This requires developers to keep all tests up-to-date, to evolve them as the subsystem interfaces changes and to add new integration tests as new services or new subsystems are added. As regression testing can become time consuming, test suite minimization (also known as Test Suite Reduction) technique is best suited to tackle it . In this paper we have explained the heuristic approach to solve this optimization problem.

In a previous study, the epithermal neutron shape factors (?) determined with the monitor combination 198Au-99Mo- 97Zr- 95Zr by the cadmium covered multimonitor method and the triple monitor 198Au- 97Zr- 95Zr in the cadmium lined irradiation channel of the NIRR-1 were found to have relatively high and more reasonable values of -0.101±0.019 and -0.106±0.014 respectively. In this study, the ? value determined with the triple monitor 198Au-99Mo- 95Zr that was obtained from the monitor combination 198Au-99Mo- 97Zr- 95Zr was found to be -0.114±0.017. The accuracy of the ? determination with the monitor combinations 198Au-99Mo- 97Zr- 95Zr , 198Au- 97Zr- 95Zr and 198Au-99Mo- 95Zr was tested by elemental analysis of the standard reference material NIST 1515 Apple leaves by the ko-ENAA method using Al-0.1% Au thin foil as the single comparator. The concentrations of the elements Sm and Br with high Qo values determined in the NIST 1515 Apple leaves are in good agreement with the certified values. The monitor combination 198Au-99Mo- 97Zr- 95Zr or the three monitors 198Au-99Mo- 95Zr from the monitor set Au+Mo+Zr or only the three monitors 198Au- 97Zr- 95Zr from the monitor set Au+Zr can provide reliable values of ? in the cadmium lined irradiation channel for application of the ko-ENAA method for elemental analysis of samples of materials in the NIRR-1.

Since nerve compatibility - can be - the result of two cases of confrontation with a variety of random actuators or, stimuli and, facing the sources of sensory data and, schizophrenics, when faced with these conditions they are unable to understand and, interpret this conditions true basically; and this creates a vicious circle without learning exterior experiences and low self-esteem for them; that its result is low or, lack of self-confidence; then, learning-compatible with brain as a tool to understand the intrinsic actions of the brain with motivation is very effective and, useful for their understanding and, interpretation modification. The method used in this research is a library analysis; therefore, after collecting information and data from the sources, using the library method, according to the subject and the problem of the present study, after the critique, the information and, data have been analyzed in order to explain the research problem. By using and, application of exact awareness and, knowledge on “enriched” environments besides knowing “why” these environments are enrichment give us “Practical Components” for ((intrinsic motivate brain operations)) in neurological adjustment. For reaching to this point; it is necessary that neurological adjustment occurs in cellular base and, by doing this, (mental processes) will be done and, cognitive interpretations, attitudes and, other related process will have modified and, the result (s) of these cases are modification in behavior.

This paper focuses on the experimentally investigating the impact of ambient temperature on the discharging efficiency of the battery of a sensor node of the wireless sensor network (WSN). Experimental results have shown 5.137% improvement of battery lifetime at 15oC when the sampling interval is 0.2 seconds with data compression, but the improvement is 16.679% when the sensor node is operated at the optimum sampling interval of 0.62 seconds with data compression. However, the maximum improvement in the battery lifetime is recorded when the sensor field temperature is 35o C with optimum sampling interval.

Democracy in the context of Islam is perceived as the responsibility of an individual to choose leaders among them who are capable to withstand justice and prevent evil (amar ma’ruf nahi mungkar). Every Muslim needs to be aware that the responsibility of voting is compulsory for those who have qualified. In Malaysia, majority of the Islamic scholar (Ulema) has agreed that every Muslim has to be involved in the process of election and it is considered compulsory upon them as the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said “When three Muslim men are bound to travel, choose a leader among them” narrated by Abu Daud. In this article, Malay youth is the focus in order to view the involvement in proses of election through the registration as voters, checking the status of voting and participation in the upcoming election. A total of 906 respondents were identified to participate in this research by answering the questionnaire provided. Description method was used to analyse the criteria of the respondent and to identify the involvement of the Malay youth in the election process in Malaysia. The research outcome shows the higher statistic of the respondents to be involved in the upcoming election with 704 respondents (77.6%), compared to respondents who have registered as voters with 550 respondents (60.6%) and the respondents who have checked on the voting status with only 459 respondents (50.6%). Nevertheless, the highest total for the involvement in the next election will not bring any impact and will be meaningless to the overall involvement of youth in the election if there are still many of the Malay youth do not register as voters.